Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen

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Princess Feodora
Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen
Princess Heinrich Reuss YL
File:FeodoraSaMeiReu.jpg
Born (1879-05-19)19 May 1879
Potsdam
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Hirschberg, Silesia
Burial Kowary, Poland
Spouse Prince Heinrich XXX Reuss (Younger Line)
Full name
Feodora Victoria Auguste Marianne Marie
House Saxe-Meiningen
Father Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
Mother Princess Charlotte of Prussia

Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (Feodora Victoria Auguste Marie Marianne; 12 May 1879 – 26 August 1945) was born at Potsdam, the only child of Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, and his wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia (the eldest daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor, and Victoria, Princess Royal). Feodora was the first great-grandchild of Queen Victoria.

Early life

File:VICTORIA Queen of England by Carl Backofen of Darmstadt.jpg
Feodora (center) with her maternal relatives

Princess Feodora was born on 12 May 1879 as the only child of Bernhard, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Meiningen and his wife Princess Charlotte of Prussia, herself the eldest daughter of Prussian Crown Prince Frederick and Princess Victoria. The new baby was her maternal grandparents' first grandchild,[1] and through her mother was also the first great-grandchild of the British monarch Queen Victoria.[2]

Charlotte, who loved to socialize, had hated being pregnant, believing that it limited her activities. Preferring to return to enjoying social life in Berlin, she declared after Feodora's birth that she would have no further children, dismaying her mother, the Crown Princess Victoria, known as Vicky in the family.[3] It was unusual to be an only child in European royal families, and Feodora likely endured a lonely childhood.[4] Charlotte loved to travel, and often left her daughter with Vicky at Friedrichshof, whom she viewed as the source of a convenient nursery.[2][5] Vicky, for her part, loved having the chance to spend time with her eldest granddaughter.[6] Describing Feodora on one visit, Vicky wrote that "she is really a good little child, & far easier to manage than her Mama".[7]

Vicky perceived a deficit in Feodora's upbringing and gradually became concerned about the girl's physical appearance and mental development,[6] describing the thirteen-year-old as possessing "sharp pinched features" and an unusually short stature.[8] Feodora also cared little for her studies, preferring instead to discuss frivolous subjects like fashion.[7][9] Her grandmother, who placed a high value on education, blamed insufficient parental guidance for the girl's lack of studiousness, commenting that the "atmosphere of her home is not the best for a child of her age... With Charlotte for an example, what else can one expect... Her parents are rarely ever at home or together... She hardly knows what home life is!"[7]

Queen Victoria was fond of her eldest great-grandchild.[10] In June 1887, the young Feodora and her parents attended the queen's Golden Jubilee in London. While her parents stayed at Buckingham Palace, Feodora stayed with her young cousin Princess Alice of Battenberg at the home of the Duchess of Buccleuch at Whitehall, allowing the girls to watch the royal procession as it made its way to Westminster Abbey.[11] In a letter to the Crown Princess, Queen Victoria described her as "sweet little Feo, who is so good and I think grown quite pretty. We were delighted to have her and I think the dear child has enjoyed herself".[12]

Marriage

As Feodora grew older, her marriage began to be a consideration. The exiled Prince Peter Karađorđević, thirty-six years older than Feodora, proposed himself as a suitor, though this was likely a bid to gain support for succeeding to the Serbian throne. Charlotte declared that "for such a throne [Feodora] is far too good".[13] Her cousin Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the only son of Charlotte's friend the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was also considered.[13]

Several months after returning from Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations in June 1897, Feodora became engaged to Prince Henry XXX of Reuss,[14] with the betrothal announced in early October.[15] Henry's father died in early 1898, forcing a temporary postponement of the marriage. Rumours that the marriage had been cancelled proved to be untrue,[16] and they married at Breslau on 26 September 1898 in a Lutheran ceremony.[17]

Prince Henry was a captain in the Brunswick Infantry Regiment No. 92, though not particularly wealthy or high-ranked. Feodora's grandmother Vicky was surprised at the choice of groom, particularly his lack of position, but observed that the bride at least seemed happy. Of the fifteen-year age gap, Vicky commented, "I am very glad he is older than she is, and if he is wise and steady and firm, he may do her a vast deal of good, and it may turn out very well, but she has had a strange example in her mother, and is a strange little creature".[18] The historian John Van der Kiste writes that Feodora was "evidently besotted" with her new husband, and she likely also sought marriage as an escape from her "irksome home life".[19]

Once returned from their honeymoon, Henry spent much of his time on duty with his regiment, while Feodora joined a reading group and attended the opera and theatre in Berlin.[20] Feodora also often accompanied her husband during his military assignments, travelling throughout Germany.[21] Unlike her mother, who had no wish for children or grandchildren, Feodora longed for a child of her own. However, Feodora's wish went unfulfilled and the couple would remain childless.[21][22]

Last years

Feodora suffered most of her adult life from ill-health, describing it as "the old story" of her life. Like her mother and maternal grandmother, Feodora's illnesses included dizziness, insomnia, nausea, various pains, paralysis, constipation, and diarrhoea.[21][23] She underwent several operations to treat her illnesses and alleviate her infertility, each without success.[24][25]

Feodora visited Windsor Castle in 1900, which would be the last time she saw her great-grandmother before Queen Victoria's death the following year. Henry attended her funeral, but ill-health kept Feodora from attending.[26] Feodora blamed malaria for her condition, though Charlotte told family members that Henry had given his wife a venereal disease, an allegation Feodora furiously denied. Charlotte asked her daughter to get tested by Charlotte's personal physician; when Feodora refused, it confirmed to Charlotte that her beliefs were correct. In reaction, Feodora refused to enter her mother's house and complained to family members of Charlotte's "incredible" actions.[27]

In 1903, the couple moved to Flensburg upon Henry being transferred, where they lived in a small house. Feodora found that the region's mild climate had a positive impact on her health. To further improve it and increase the probability of becoming pregnant, she took pills of arsenic and thorium. Her poor health recurred, however, and she again began suffering from toothache and migraines. In October 1904, a serious illness was blamed on influenza. Her further efforts to conceive included numerous visits to private clinics through the years, which often led to painful surgeries and procedures.[28]

Two World Wars

With the outbreak of World War I, Henry was dispatched to the Western Front, while his wife opened a small hospital to treat wounded soldiers. By this stage, relations between him and his wife had deteriorated; Henry believed Feodora enjoyed complaining about being sick and seeing doctors. He wrote that her illness "consists mainly in complete lack of energy and mental apathy", and complained that "she grossly exaggerates her illnesses and causes me and others quite unnecessary anxiety".[29]

After the war concluded with Germany's defeat, Feodora's father's rule over the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen was ended. Her post-war life is mostly unknown, and records of her subsequent medical history have mainly been lost.[30][21] She spent her final years at the Sanatorium Buchwald-Hohenwiese, near Hirschberg, Silesia. She committed suicide on 26 August 1945, dying shortly after World War II ended.[31][24] In describing Feodora's life, the historian John Van der Kiste writes that "the princess who had so desperately wanted children of her own had instead continued to battle with constant physical ailments, insomnia and severe depression, and endured many years of ill-health similar to that of her mother".[32]

Medical analysis

In the 1990s, the historian John Röhl and his colleagues Martin Warren and David Hunt found Feodora's grave in Poland, exhuming the body for DNA analysis in the belief that it would reveal signs of the genetic disease porphyria.[33][31]

Ancestry

Family of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Princess Louise Eleanor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. William II, Elector of Hesse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Princess Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Princess Augusta of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Frederick William III of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. Prince Albert of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Princess Charlotte of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. William I of the Netherlands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Princess Marianne of the Netherlands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Frederick William III of Prussia [=20]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Wilhelm I, German Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz [=21]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Frederick III, German Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Princess Charlotte of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Victoria, Princess Royal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Victoria of the United Kingdom
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. Van der Kiste 2012, 192.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Packard 1998, p. 292.
  3. Van der Kiste 2012, 207.
  4. Van der Kiste 2012, 455–467.
  5. Pakula 1997, p. 537.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Van der Kiste 2012, 467.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Pakula 1997, p. 561.
  8. Van der Kiste 2012, 467–483.
  9. Van der Kiste 2012, 483.
  10. Van der Kiste 2012, 246.
  11. Vickers 2000, p. 27.
  12. Van der Kiste 2012, 259.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Van der Kiste 2012, 497.
  14. Van der Kiste 2012, 501.
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  16. Van der Kiste 2012, 525.
  17. Van der Kiste 2012, 525–529.
  18. Van der Kiste 2012, 499–513.
  19. Van der Kiste 2012, 510.
  20. Van der Kiste 2012, 551.
  21. 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Rushton 2008, p. 118.
  22. Van der Kiste 2012, 571.
  23. Van der Kiste 2012, 614.
  24. 24.0 24.1 Röhl 1998, p. 114.
  25. Van der Kiste 2012, 726–754.
  26. Van der Kiste 2012, 669.
  27. Van der Kiste 2012, 686–699.
  28. Van der Kiste 2012, 712–726.
  29. Van der Kiste 2012, 798–811.
  30. Van der Kiste 2012, 864.
  31. 31.0 31.1 Van der Kiste 2012, 877.
  32. Van der Kiste 2012, 864–877.
  33. Moore 2009, pp. 20–21.

Works cited

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Further reading

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