Princess Mary of Great Britain

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For other persons known as Princess Mary, see Princess Mary (disambiguation).
Mary of Great Britain
PrincessMaryofGreatBritain LandgravineofHesse.jpg
Portrait by George Desmarées
Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel
Tenure 1 February 1760[1] – 14 January 1772
Born (1723-03-05)5 March 1723 (New Style)
Leicester House, Westminster, London, England, Kingdom of Great Britain
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Hanau, Germany
Burial 1 February 1772
Hanau, Germany
Spouse Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
Issue William I, Elector of Hesse
Prince Charles
Prince Frederick
House Hanover
Father George II of Great Britain
Mother Caroline of Ansbach
Religion Anglican

Princess Mary of Great Britain (5 March 1723 – 14 January 1772) was the second-youngest daughter of King George II and Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel as the wife of Landgrave Frederick II.

Early life

Princess Mary

Princess Mary was born at Leicester House, Westminster, London.[2] Her father was the Prince of Wales, later King George II. Her mother was Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.[2]

Her father succeeded, as George II, on 11 June 1727, and she became HRH The Princess Mary.

Marriage

A marriage was negotiated with Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, the only son and heir of William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.[3] For the marriage, Parliament voted Mary £40,000.[3]

They married by proxy at the Chapel Royal of St. James's Palace in London on 8 May, then in person on 28 June 1740 at Kassel.[2] The marriage was unhappy, and Frederick was said to be "brutal" and "a boor". In late 1746, Mary made an extended trip to Britain to escape his maltreatment. The couple separated in 1754 on Frederick's conversion to Roman Catholicism. They had four sons, three of whom survived to adulthood.[3] In 1756, Mary moved to Denmark, to take care of the children of her sister, Louise of Great Britain, who had died in 1751. She took her children with her; they were raised at the royal court and her sons were married to Danish princesses. Her husband succeeded his father as Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1760, and so Mary was technically Landgravine consort for the last twelve years of her life, despite her estrangement from her husband.

Mary died on 14 or 16 January 1772, aged 48 at Hanau, Germany.[2]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

  • 5 March 1723 – 11 June 1727: Her Royal Highness Princess Mary [4]
  • 11 June 1727 – 8 May 1740: Her Royal Highness The Princess Mary
  • 8 May 1740 – 25 March 1751: Her Royal Highness Princess Frederick of Hesse-Kassel
  • 25 March 1751 - 1 February 1760: Her Royal Highness The Hereditary Princess of Hesse-Kassel
  • 1 February 1760 – 14 January 1772: Her Royal Highness The Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel

Arms

On 30 August 1727, as a child of the sovereign, Mary was granted use of the arms of the realm, differenced by a label argent of three points, each bearing a canton gules.[5]

Issue

Name Birth Death Notes
Prince William of Hesse-Kassel 1741 1742 died in infancy
William I, Elector of Hesse 1743 1821 married, 1763, Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway; had issue
Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel 1744 1836 married, 1766, Louise of Denmark; had issue
Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel 1747 1837 married, 1786, Caroline of Nassau-Usingen; had issue

Ancestors

Family of Princess Mary of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. George I of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Frederick V, Elector Palatine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Sophia, Princess Palatine of the Rhine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. Elizabeth of Scotland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. George II of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (= 16)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 17)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Celle
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. Alexander II d'Olbreuse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Jacquette Poussard de Vendre
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Princess Mary of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Countess Sophie of Solms-Laubach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Joachim Ernest, Count of Oettingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Princess Sophia Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Countess Anna Sibylle of Solms-Sonnenwald
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Princess Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Ernest of Sayn-Wittgenstein
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Princess Johanetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Countess Luise Juliane of Erbach
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ The Peerage – Landgrave William VIII
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ The London Gazette refers to her as "Princess Mary"
  5. ↑ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

Sources

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External links

Princess Mary of Great Britain
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Born: 5 March 1723 Died: 14 January 1772
German royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden		 Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel
1 February 1760 – 14 January 1772		 Vacant
Title next held by
Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt
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