Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking

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Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking
File:QuietBookCover.jpg
Author Susan Cain
Country United States
Language English
Genre Success, Management, Psychology, Self-Help, Interpersonal Relations
Publisher Crown Publishing Group
Publication date
 January 24, 2012 (Hardcover)
Media type Hardcover, Paperback (January 2013), Kindle Edition, Audio CD, Audible Audio
Pages 333 pages (hardcover)
ISBN 978-0-307-35214-9
Followed by Quiet Power: The Secret Strengths of Introverts

Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking is a 2012 non-fiction book written by Susan Cain. Cain argues that modern Western culture misunderstands and undervalues the traits and capabilities of introverted people, leading to "a colossal waste of talent, energy, and happiness."[1]

The book presents a history of how Western culture transformed from a culture of character to a culture of personality in which an "extrovert ideal" dominates and introversion is viewed as inferior or even pathological. Adopting scientific definitions of introversion and extroversion as preferences for different levels of stimulation, Quiet outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each temperament, emphasizing the myth of the extrovert ideal that has dominated in the West since the early twentieth century. Asserting that temperament is a core element of human identity, Cain cites research in biology, psychology, neuroscience and evolution to demonstrate that introversion is both common and normal, noting that many of humankind's most creative individuals and distinguished leaders were introverts. Cain urges changes at the workplace, in schools, and in parenting; offers advice to introverts for functioning in an extrovert-dominated culture; and offers advice in communication, work, and relationships between people of differing temperament.

Background

Cain graduated from Princeton University[2] and Harvard Law School[3] and became a lawyer and negotiations consultant.[4] Her interest in writing on the subject of introversion reportedly stemmed from her own difficulties with public speaking, which made Harvard Law School "a trial."[5] She likened her tenure as a Wall Street lawyer to time spent in a foreign country.[6] Cain left her careers in corporate law and consulting, for a quieter life of writing at home with her family.[5]

Seven years in the making,[4] Cain's book, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking was published January 24, 2012.[7] Asked what inspired her to write the book, Cain likened introverts today to women at the dawn of the feminist movement—second-class citizens with gigantic amounts of untapped talent.[1] She said that our institutions are designed for extroverts, causing many introverts to believe that something is wrong with them and that they should try to 'pass' as extroverts.[1] She concluded that this bias against introversion leads to "a colossal waste of talent, energy, and happiness,"[1] saying that it is "the next great diversity issue of our time."[8]

Content and concepts

Quotations here are generally from articles and interviews, and are not necessarily literal quotations from the book.
Paragraph headers do not correspond to chapters in the book.

Cain argues that modern Western culture misunderstands and undervalues the traits and capabilities of introverted people, employing academic research, supplemented with anecdotes, to describe how American culture got to this point.[6]

The "Extrovert Ideal"

Cain says Western, and in particular, American, culture is dominated by what she calls the "Extrovert Ideal," described as "the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha and comfortable in the spotlight."[6] Western societies, being based on the Greco-Roman ideal which praises oratory,[9] favor the man of action over the man of contemplation,[10] and view introversion as being between a disappointment and pathology.[11] In contrast, traditional, pre-Americanized Asian culture is more inclined to value reticence and caution.[6][12] The Harvard Independent's Faith Zhang remarked that Quiet seems in part a gentle rebuke to a culture that values style over substance.[13]

Historical roots

Cain traces the historical roots of the Extrovert Ideal to the rise of industrial America in the late 19th century, before which a culture of character dominated, and after which "a perfect storm of big business, urbanization and mass immigration" changed America into what historian Warren Susman called a culture of personality, in which perception trumps truth.[6][11][13] The Globe and Mail's Zosia Bielski described this transformation as being aligned with "the rise of the salesman" and "the move from morals to magnetism"—which Cain says has changed forever “who we are and whom we admire, how we act at job interviews and what we look for in an employee, how we court our mates and raise our children.”[14]

Pitfalls of the Extrovert Ideal

In general terms, Cain has stated that we can’t be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring each other, and groups follow the most charismatic person, even though there is no correlation between being a good speaker and having great ideas.[10] Cain says collective thinking approaches not only favor dominant extroverts,[15] but that relying on brainstorming is a mistake, arguing that serious original thought and the expertise that generates it are almost always individual.[12] Cain cites physiological research showing that when people (not just introverts) oppose group consensus, their brains' amygdalae "light up"—signaling fear of rejection—thus discouraging potentially valuable individual contributions to the group.[16] Cain cites research indicating that people are more creative when they enjoy privacy and freedom from interruption,[17] the implication being that enforced teamwork can stifle creativity.[16] As a concrete example of the risks of groupthink, Cain mentions juries, in which the desire for social cohesion can sometimes short-circuit justice.[16][18] She suggests that the predominantly extroverted temperament of management in the investment and banking industries—which temperament involves dopamine-related reward seeking tendencies—may have contributed to the 2008 banking crisis.[12][16]

File:ExtrovertIntrovertSpectrum.png
The introvert-extrovert spectrum: Cain defines introversion and extroversion in terms of preferences for different levels of stimulation.[3][19][20]

Defining introversion

Various schools of psychology define introversion differently.[13][21] Cain’s definition is that introverts have a preference for a quiet, more minimally stimulating environment.[3][19][20] Introverts tend to enjoy quiet concentration, listen more than they talk, and think before they speak,[11] and have a more circumspect and cautious approach to risk.[3] Introverts think more, are less reckless and focus on what really matters—relationships and meaningful work.[22] Conversely, extroverts are energized by social situations and tend to be assertive multi-taskers who think out loud and on their feet.[11] Cain notes that between one-third and one-half of Americans may be classified as introverts,[11][20] though individuals fall at different places along an introvert-extrovert spectrum.[10] People falling near the middle of the spectrum are called “ambiverts.”[14]

Distinguishing introversion

Cain distinguishes introversion from superficially similar personality traits, in particular charging the perceived identity between shyness and introversion to be a huge misconception.[14] She explains that shyness is inherently uncomfortable but introversion is not.[19] Crediting retired developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan, Quiet recognizes that there is not a single cause for a given behavior; there are many routes to behaviors such as being slow to warm up, shyness, and impulsivity.[22] Cain distinguishes introversion—characterized by her as a preference for a quiet, more minimally stimulating environment[3][19][20]—from being shy (a fear of negative judgment)[20] and from being anti-social (introverts and extroverts being differently social),[23] and from autism (inability to read social cues and understand other minds not being characteristic of introverts.)[3]

Core to our identities

Cain asserts that whether one is outwardly oriented to the surrounding world, or inwardly oriented to the inner riches of the mind, has as profound an effect as one's gender.[14][24] Cain asserted that our lives are shaped as profoundly by personality as by gender or race, that the single most important aspect of personality is where we fall on the introvert-extrovert spectrum, and that one's place on this continuum "influences our choice of friends and mates, how we make conversation, resolve differences, and show love. It affects the careers we choose and whether or not we succeed at them."[25]

Introverts acting as "pseudo-extroverts"

According to Cain, in a culture that is biased against them, introverts are pressured to act like extroverts instead of embracing their serious, often quiet and reflective style.[24] Cain's research included visits to what she termed three nerve centers of the Extrovert Ideal—a Tony Robbins self-help seminar, the Harvard Business School, and a megachurch—noting the discomfort and struggles experienced by introverts in those environments[22] and "shining a light" on the bias against introversion.[19] She said that people have to act out of our true character sometimes but that it’s not healthy to act out of one's true character most or all of the time:[24] "Whenever you try to pass as something you’re not, you lose a part of yourself along the way. You especially lose a sense of how to spend your time."[19]

However, Cain essentially adopts the "Free Trait Theory" of Dr. Brian Little, agreeing that introverts are capable of acting like extroverts for (core personal goals[16])—work they consider important, people they love, or anything they value highly[26]—provided they also grant themselves restorative niches, which are places to go and time to be their real selves.[27] Also, in a February 2012 article, Cain listed six self-help strategies introverts may use to nourish their strengths, including "talking deeply," working alone, reading others' works ("a deeply social act"), listening well, taking mini-breaks from overstimulating environments, and practicing "quiet commitment."[28]

<templatestyles src="Template:Quote_box/styles.css" />

Core to our identities

Our lives are shaped as profoundly by personality as by gender or race. And the single most important aspect of personality ... is where we fall on the introvert-extrovert spectrum. Our place on this continuum influences our choice of friends and mates, how we make conversation, resolve differences, and show love. It affects the careers we choose and whether or not we succeed at them.


"Introduction: The North and South of Temperament"
Pages 2-3 of Quiet'[14]'[25]

Physiology of temperament

Cain maintains that there are introverts and extroverts in almost every species of the animal kingdom, each having a corresponding survival strategy.[21] She says that research indicates our own degree of introversion or extroversion is detectable in infants and likely to be innate,[12] and about 50% heritable (half by nature, half by nurture).[27] Babies who are more highly reactive (more sensitive) to stimulation are more likely to develop into introverts, while less reactive (less sensitive) babies generally become extroverts who actually draw on the energy around them.[12] Introverts appear to be less responsive than extroverts to dopamine (a brain chemical linked to reward-driven learning), and have a more circumspect and cautious approach to risk than do extroverts.[3] Introverts are more governed by the neocortex, the part of the brain responsible for thinking, planning, language and decision making.[12]

In the workplace

Concerning the workplace, Quiet critiques today's perceived overemphasis on collaboration: brainstorming leading to groupthink, and meetings leading to organizational inertia.[22] Cain urges changes to the workplace to make it less focused on what she terms "The New Groupthink"—the idea that creativity and productivity emerge from a necessarily gregarious place—and more conducive to deep thought and solo reflection.[1] According to Cain, research shows that charismatic leaders earn bigger paychecks but do not have better corporate performance; that brainstorming results in lower quality ideas and the more vocally assertive extroverts are the most likely to be heard; that the amount of space allotted to each employee has shrunk 60% since the 1970s; and that open office plans are associated with reduced concentration and productivity, impaired memory, higher turnover and increased illness.[11] Cain says that the more creative people tend to be “socially poised introverts,"[13] solitude is a crucial and underrated ingredient for creativity,[19] and office designs and work plans should allow people to be alone as well as to socialize.[22]

Personal relationships

Cain has noted that people of different temperament who become involved in personal relationships—possibly drawn to one another by a sense that each completes the other[29]—can encounter misunderstanding and conflict.[14] After a day's work an introvert may need to quietly recharge, while the extrovert may find the introvert's withdrawal hurtful; conversely, the extrovert may want to jointly socialize with others, which the introvert may find exhausting.[14][29] Cain advises, first, a mutual understanding of where the other party is coming from; and second, balancing their respective needs for socializing and for solitude in a practical compromise in how the couple connects and how the couple jointly socializes with others.[14][29]

Education and child development

Cain describes how introversion in children is not a defect but instead may involve a careful, sensitive temperament that may bring stronger academics, enhanced creativity and a unique brand of leadership and empathy. Cain says that introverts win a disproportionate number of Phi Beta Kappa keys and National Merit Scholarship finalist positions, cheat and break rules less, are more likely to be described by parents and caregivers as empathetic or conscientious, and are less likely to get into car accidents, participate in extreme sports and place large financial bets.[30] Cain advises that students need more privacy and autonomy, and should be taught to work together but also how to work alone.[10] Judith Warner, an author of parenting books, approved of Cain's advice that parents should view introverted children’s social style with understanding rather than fear.[5]

Balance

Cain is not seeking introvert domination but a better balance and inclusion of different work styles, acknowledging that big ideas and great leadership can come from either personality type.[11] Cain cites studies showing that introverts are better at leading proactive employees because they listen to and let them run with their ideas, while extroverts are better at leading passive employees because they have a knack for motivation and inspiration.[11] Cain has emphasized that the key to maximizing talents is to put yourself into the zone of stimulation that’s right for you.[10] The Harvard Independent's Faith Zhang closed her review of Quiet with the observation that Cain’s point is not that introverts are inherently superior or that we should all shroud ourselves in solitude, but that diversity provides balance and makes for a fuller, richer world.[13]

The future

Cain asserts that introverts today are where women were in the 1950s and early 1960s—a population discounted for something that went to the core of who they were, but a population on the verge of coming into its own.[24] She adds that we’re at the cusp of a real sea change in the way we understand this personality type,[24] Cain's own website urging readers to "join the Quiet Revolution."[31] Beyond urging consciousness-raising about the harmfulness of culture's bias against introversion, Cain urged companies to rethink hiring and promotion policies and office design, and encouraged educators to avoid constant group work and be trained in recognizing varieties of temperament to support quieter children to be functional and achieving for what they are rather than trying to "turn them into extroverts."[32] Cain further urged research into determining which situations are best suited to introverts and extroverts and how they can most effectively partner with each other.[21]

Related occurrences, lectures, and publications

File:SusanCainFromJurvetsonFlickrMedium500.jpg
Cain speaking at the TED2012 conference with a prop suitcase.[10][33]
For a more complete discussion, see the biographical article, Susan Cain.

Within three weeks of publication, InformationWeek's Debra Donston-Miller had noted that the introversion and extroversion were being widely discussed due in large part to Quiet,[34] Cain's work being the focus of Time magazine's February 6, 2012 cover article.[16] Cain presented talks at the TED2012 Conference[10][35] and TED 2014 (All-Stars).[36] In 2015 The New York Times' Laura Holson wrote that Cain had "started, or at least was on the forefront of, a bona fide publishing trend" concerning introverts.[37] Also in 2015, Cain formally co-founded Quiet Revolution, a mission-based company based on the principles in Quiet.[37]

Influence

Within one week of its publication, Forbes' Jenna Goudreau noted that the book was featured by several major media outlets and was shared extensively across the Web, Goudreau observing that "readers said they felt validated and seen for the first time."[24] By the year following publication, Quiet was being translated into over thirty languages.[38]

Elaine Aron, Ph.D., author of The Highly Sensitive Person (1996), responded to Quiet and its related Time cover story[16] by stating that Cain was in fact describing highly sensitive persons (HSPs, defined[39] in terms of sensory processing sensitivity) and not introverts (which Aron says is recently becoming defined[40] more narrowly in terms of social interaction).[41] Though Aron wrote that Cain and others blurred the lines between sensitivity and introversion, Aron called the Time article "a huge, huge step" for understanding HSPs, and that as more is learned, the 30% of HSPs who are social extroverts[40] will be better understood.[41]

Changes caused by Quiet include universities examining admissions policies to favor introverts, schools setting up clubs for introverted and quiet children, and businesses and office design firms rethinking how space is used in workplaces to benefit both introverts and extroverts, with Steelcase adjusting office space designs and Herman Miller commissioning an art school to create office furniture to favor privacy and comfort rather than teamwork and sharing.[38] The ABA Journal 's Leslie A. Gordon wrote in early 2016 that, "thanks largely to interest generated by Cain’s book," law schools and law firms were using introversion preferences to influence hiring, placement, and training of attorneys.[42]

Psychologist Christopher Peterson wrote that even professional positive psychologists may be implicitly perpetuating "The Extrovert Ideal," for example, by privileging activated feelings like happiness while undervaluing quiet feelings like contentment.[43] Writing that both views of psychological wellness—both the noisy and extroverted view, and a quiet and introverted view—deserve scientific attention, Peterson closed by calling for a "quiet positive psychology."[43]

GigaOM's Jessica Stillman extended the concepts of Quiet to analyze coworking (working independently but in the same environment as others), remote working (telecommuting), and other "workshifting" (non-traditional worksite) arrangements, noting that such arrangements pose both benefits and dangers for introverts.[44] While coworkers can "set their own level of contact," she also noted that "the ability to work from anywhere might enable more withdrawal than is healthy among introverts."[44] She also echoed the cautionary argument that "too often ... we choose our work environment on autopilot."[44]

As the November 2012 U.S. Presidential election approached, Quiet's concepts[45] were applied to contrast former President Clinton with 2012 candidates Obama and Romney.[46][47] Concerning leadership in general, Cain was quoted as adopting Peter Drucker's statement that effective leaders "had little or no ‘charisma’ and little use either for the term or what it signifies.”[46] Further, Cain was quoted as rejecting[47] John Heilemann's assertion that introverts, in particular Barack Obama, “don’t like people,”[48] Cain noting that both candidates Obama and Mitt Romney were introverts.[47]

Cornell Law School's Sherry Colb extended to the jury system Quiet's assertion that a successful "wisdom-of-crowds phenomenon" typically emerges when individuals in a group share their respective contributions after being separately and independently conceived.[18] Colb proposed a jury system in which, after all evidence has been presented, respective jurors would compose written analyses of the facts and issues, and express a verdict; the jurors' various documents would be distributed and read by all other jurors before in-person deliberation would begin.[18]

In the wake of the December 14, 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School (Newtown) shooting, Quiet's author was cited for the concern that introverted people, or people who are quiet for other reasons, receive unfair suspicion or stigmatization because of violent acts committed by a few solitary individuals.[49][50] Quiet's critiques of groupwork and brainstorming were cited in the writings of such sources as Harvard Business School's Professor Emeritus James Heskett[51] and Fast Company's Co.Design senior editor Belinda Lanks.[52] In the wake of Yahoo! Inc.'s February 2013 announcement of discontinuation of a telecommuting option for employees, Quiet was cited by NBC News' Isolde Raftery for its concern that creativity would be hindered,[53] and by The Miami Herald's Leonard Pitts, Jr. against the belief that synergy always produces the best results, and against the one-size-fits-all mentality that says productivity and creativity are found only when colleagues meet at the water cooler.[54]

Quiet was chosen as the common reading choice for Case Western Reserve University's 2013-2014 "First Year Experience" program which helps new students transition to university life and develop connections, the chair of the university's common reading committee explaining that the book will encourage students to reflect on what kinds of learners and professionals they will be, and how they fit in socially and relate to others.[55]

Three years after Quiet's publication, David DiSalvo wrote in Forbes that a "groundswell support for the book’s thesis" resulted in "a sort of cultish affinity for introversion," but cautioned that "as with all movement-making arguments," they’ve "fueled ... shallow conclusions" that were not made in the book itself.[56] DiSalvo cited studies indicating that introverts' elevated sensitivity to personality traits can manifest as bias against extroverts in performance appraisals and reward giving.[56]

Reception

The Wall Street Journal's Philip Delves Broughton reviewed Quiet as "an earnest and enlightening 300-page inquiry into introversion and its uses," described examples of the research and investigations Cain undertook, and closed by stating "Ms. Cain's rich, intelligent book will probably have broad appeal."[22]

The Harvard Independent's Faith Zhang remarked that "though it draws on studies across a variety of fields, including psychology, sociology, and neurology, Quiet is not even a pop science book; it is part affirmation, part social commentary, part self-help primer, supported by but not primarily focused on science."[13] Zhang found flaw in generalizations in Quiet's "Soft Power" chapter on East Asian culture, but found the book's most interesting chapter to be the one tracing the social history describing the shift from the “culture of character” to the “culture of personality.”[13] Zhang concluded that "Quiet has much to offer both introverts and the extroverts who would like to understand them."[13] Jenny Lee subsequently wrote in the Asian American magazine Hyphen that Zhang's brief critique of Quiet's "Soft Power" chapter was the exception among reviews; Lee further asserted that despite its disclaimer about not encouraging ethno-cultural stereotypes, Cain's chapter overgeneralized about Asian and Asian American personality styles and reinforced the "model minority myth."[57]

In Scientific American, Gareth Cook described Quiet as "part book, part manifesto."[19]

The Chicago Tribune said that "Quiet is not a scientific tract. But Cain ... draws from a wide array of academic research, enlivened with colorful anecdotes, to describe how American culture got to this point."[6]

Writing in The New York Times, Judith Warner gave Quiet a mixed review,[5] to which Cain blogged a response the same day.[58] Concerning Quiet's writing form, Warner commented that Quiet is "a long and ploddingly earnest book," and contains "go-go language" and "gratuitous sloganeering ... (that) offsets Cain’s serious research rather badly."[5] Warner also stated that Cain "combines on-the-scenes reporting with a wide range of social science research and a fair bit of 'quiet power' cheerleading."[5] Cain's response replied to Warner's critique of the book's content: Warner asserted that Quiet's definition of introversion expanded to include "all that is wise and good, (so) that (the definition) is largely meaningless except as yet another vehicle for promoting self-esteem";[5] Cain replied that "Warner badly misunderstands" that the traits listed in Quiet's "Author's Note" were not descriptive of introversion "but that culturally these traits have always been bound together under the 'contemplation' rubric, and need to be addressed as such."[58] Warner hypothesized that, had Cain focused in "other sorts of places" than "Harvard Business School, corporate boardrooms, executive suites," that Cain "would undoubtedly have discovered a world of introverts quite contented with who they are";[5] Cain replied that her research and feedback confirm introverts' "difficult experiences" even in fields that "Warner imagines are safe havens for introverts," Cain adding that Warner's response to Quiet "has an interesting precedent in the early years of feminism... (in which) a distinct minority felt proud and content as they were, and couldn’t see what all the fuss was about."[58]

Philosopher and author Damon Young, writing in The Age, wrote that "Cain is patient, meticulous and empathetic on the psychology. She outlines the problems clearly and gives workable solutions. She is less nimble with questions of history and society. For example, her use of a handful of quotes and aphorisms to demonstrate Eastern and Western outlooks on speech is clumsy. Her prose is plain but warm and she distils research well, with the use of anecdotes and literary examples."[59]

Distinctions and recognition

Bestseller list placement (hardcover nonfiction category unless otherwise noted): Quiet reached:

Quiet was voted No. 1 non-fiction book of 2012 in the "Goodreads Choice Awards."[68]

John Dupuis collated information from 69 "Best of 2012" book lists, and wrote for the National Geographic Society's ScienceBlogs that Quiet was the most listed science related book.[69]

"Best of 2012 List" inclusions, not limited to science book lists:

By 2015, two million copies of Quiet had been sold worldwide.[37]

Notable individuals described by Cain as introverts

Notable individuals described by Cain as introverts, or whose notability is based on introverted personality characteristics:

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Glor, Jeff (interviewer), "Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking," by Susan Cain" (WebCite archive), CBS News authorTALK page, January 26, 2012.
  2. ↑ Keen, Andrew (interviewer), "Keen On… Susan Cain: The Power Of Introverts (TCTV)" (WebCite archive), TechCrunch, January 31, 2012.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Szalavitz, Maia, "‘Mind Reading’: Q&A with Susan Cain on the Power of Introverts" (WebCite archive), Time Healthland, January 27, 2012.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Levy, Steven, "TED and Meta TED: On-Scene Musings From the Wonderdome" (WebCite archive), Wired, March 2, 2012.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Warner, Judith, Inside Intelligence: "Susan Cain’s ‘Quiet’ Argues for the Power of Introverts" (WebCite archive), The New York Times Sunday Book Review, said to be published Friday, February 10, 2012.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 "The quiet strength of the introvert" (WebCite archive), The Chicago Tribune, February 20, 2012.
  7. ↑ "Quiet: The Power Of Introverts In A World That Can't Stop Talking" (WebCite archive) OpenISBN.com entry for ISBN 0-307-35214-5.
  8. ↑ Walsh, Colleen, "Women in the law" article (WebCite archive) re Sept. 27, 2013 "Celebration 60" keynote address, Harvard Gazette, September 30, 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Peesker, Saira, "Loud society fails to capitalize on introverts: author" (WebCite), article with video, CTV Television Network, March 15, 2012.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 "An introverted call to action: Susan Cain at TED2012" (WebCite archive), TED (Technology Entertainment Design), February 28, 2012.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 Goudreau, Jenna, "The Secret Power Of Introverts" (WebCite archive), Forbes, January 26, 2012.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Morrish, John, "The rise of the introvert" (WebCite archive), Management Today, March 28, 2012.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Zhang, Faith, "Still Waters" (News and Forum) (WebCite archive), The Harvard Independent, February 24, 2012.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Bielski, Zosia, "Giving introverts permission to be themselves" (WebCite archive), The Globe and Mail, January 26, 2012.
  15. ↑ Ronson, Jon, "Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking by Susan Cain – review" (WebCite archive), The Guardian, March 22, 2012.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 Walsh, Bryan, "The Upside Of Being An Introvert (And Why Extroverts Are Overrated)" (WebCite archive), Time, February 6, 2012. ● Cover of magazine: "The Power of (shyness) (WebCite archive) for February 6, 2012 issue.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Cain, Susan, "The Rise of the New Groupthink" (WebCite archive), Opinion section of The New York Times, January 13, 2012; appearing in print January 15, 2012.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Colb, Sherry F., "The Downside of Juries in a World That Can’t Stop Talking" (WebCite archive), Justia, September 19, 2012.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Cook, Gareth, "The Power of Introverts: A Manifesto for Quiet Brilliance" (WebCite archive), Scientific American, January 24, 2012.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 "Rise of the Introverts" (WebCite archive), CBS This Morning television appearance with Charlie Rose, Gayle King and special correspondent Jeff Glor, January 26, 2012.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Grant, Adam M., Professor (interviewer), "'Restorative Niches': Author Susan Cain on the Need for 'Quiet'" (WebCite archive), Knowledge@Wharton journal of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, April 4, 2012.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 Broughton, Philip Delves, "Avoiding The Limelight / The value of focusing on relationships and meaningful work rather than financial reward, a nice job title and looking good on television" (WebCite archive), The Wall Street Journal, February 8, 2012.
  23. ↑ NPR Staff writing about Cain's interview with Audie Cornish, "Quiet, Please: Unleashing 'The Power Of Introverts'" (WebCite archive), NPR (formerly National Public Radio), January 30, 2012.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 Goudreau, Jenna, "So Begins A Quiet Revolution Of The 50 Percent" (WebCite archive), Forbes, January 30, 2012.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Cain, Susan, "Why the world needs introverts" (WebCite archive), The Guardian, March 13, 2012.
  26. ↑ Hossenfelder, Sabine, "Book review: Quiet by Susan Cain" (WebCite archive), Backreaction, March 7, 2012.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 White, Nancy J. (interviewer), "Introverts are undervalued in today’s society, says author Susan Cain" (WebCite archive), The Toronto Star, January 30, 2012.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Cain, Susan, "Secrets of a Super Successful Introvert: How to (Quietly) Get Your Way" (WebCite archive), O: The Oprah Magazine, February 2012.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Cain, Susan, "Revenge of the introverts: It's often assumed extroverts do best in life, but a new book reveals quite the opposite..." (WebCite archive), The Daily Mail, March 25, 2012.
  30. ↑ Cain, Susan, "Don’t Call Introverted Children ‘Shy’ " (WebCite archive), Time Psychology section, January 26, 2012.
  31. ↑ ThePowerOfIntroverts.com website (WebCite archive).
  32. ↑ Edwards, Robin, "Writer Susan Cain on her New York Times bestseller and the quiet power of introverts" (WebCite archive), Westword, February 11, 2013.
  33. ↑ "Susan Cain: The power of introverts" (WebCite archive), video posted to official "TEDtalksDirector" YouTube channel on March 2, 2012. Same video (Webcite archive) on the TED.com website.
  34. ↑ Donston-Miller, Debra, "Social Business: What's An Introvert To Do?" (WebCite archive), InformationWeek, February 9, 2012.
  35. ↑ TED 2012 Full Spectrum / "Program Speaker Bios A-Z" (WebCite archive) shows Cain as "Quiet Revolutionary" speaker for February 28, 2012.
  36. ↑ TED staff, "Lies, sex, an even freer Wikipedia and Sir Ken at a slaughterhouse: A recap of “The future is ours,” All-Stars Session 5 at TED2014" (WebCite archive), TED.com, March 20, 2014.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Holson, Laura M., “Susan Cain Instigates A ‘Quiet Revolution’ of Introverts With Speeches and Company” (WebCite archive), The New York Times, July 25, 2015.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Mulkerrins, Jane, "The big noise in the quiet revolution, why introversion is in: ..." (WebCite archive), Daily Mail, April 20, 2013.
  39. ↑ Aron, Elaine M., and Aron, Arthur, "Sensory-Processing Sensitivity and its Relation to Introversion and Emotionality" (WebCite archive), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 73, no. 2 (1997): 345-68.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Aron, Elaine N., Ph.D, "Understanding the Highly Sensitivity Person: Sensitive, Introverted, or Both? | Extraverted HSPs face unique challenges" (WebCite archive), Psychology Today, July 21, 2011.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Aron, Elaine N., Ph.D, "Time Magazine: "The Power of (Shyness)" and High Sensitivity" | ... Quiet describes HSPs (WebCite archive), Psychology Today, February 2, 2012.
  42. ↑ Gordon, Leslie A., "Most lawyers are introverted, and that's not necessarily a bad thing" (archive at archive.org), ABA Journal, January 1, 2016.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Peterson, Christopher, "A Quiet Positive Psychology / A quiet positive psychology would be a scientifically reasonable one" (WebCite archive), Psychology Today, May 25, 2012.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 Stillman, Jessica, "Is remote work bad for introverts?" (WebCite archive), GigaOM, May 3, 2012. Stillman quotes Natalya Sabga's "Workshifting - The Introvert's Best Friend or Worst Enemy?" (WebCite archive) at Workshifting.com.
  45. ↑ Cain, Susan, "Must Great Leaders Be Gregarious?" (WebCite archive), The New York Times, September 15, 2012.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Andersen, Erika, "You Don't Have To Be Loud to Lead" (WebCite archive), Forbes, September 17, 2012.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Lewis, Matt K., "The 2012 campaign: A tale of two introverts?" (WebCite archive), The Daily Caller, September 14, 2012.
  48. ↑ Heilemann, John, interviewed in "Electing An Introvert" (WebCite archive), Andrew Sullivan's "The Dish" in The Daily Beast, September 10, 2012.
  49. ↑ Gilman, Priscilla, "Don’t Blame Autism for Newtown" (WebCite archive), The New York Times, December 17, 2012.
  50. ↑ Carletti, Fabiola, "Are quiet loners unfairly linked with violence?" (WebCite archive), CBC News, December 18, 2012.
  51. ↑ Heskett, James, "Should We Rethink the Promise of Teams?" (WebCite archive), Harvard Business School's Working Knowledge, January 2, 2013.
  52. ↑ Lanks, Belinda, "17 Innovation Essays For Jump-Starting Your 2013" (WebCite archive), Fast Company's Co.Design, published circa January 2, 2013.
  53. ↑ Raftery, Isolde, "Is Telecommuting Dead? Don't Count on It, Experts Say" (WebCite archive), NBC News on cnbc.com, February 26, 2013.
  54. ↑ Pitts, Leonard, Jr., "For introverts, working alone works best" (WebCite archive), The Miami Herald, March 9, 2013.
  55. ↑ "Bestselling author Susan Cain will be at Case Western Reserve University Aug. 28" (WebCite archive), Hudson Hub Times, July 23, 2013.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lee, Jenny, "Books: The Quiet Minority?" (WebCite archive), Hyphen | Asian America Unabridged, February 21, 2013.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Cain, Susan, "New York Times Review of QUIET: My Reaction" (WebCite archive), ThePowerOfIntroverts.com, February 10, 2012.
  59. ↑ Young, Damon, "A little bit of hush" (WebCite archive), The Age, May 5, 2012.
  60. ↑ "NPR Bestseller Lists / Week of March 22, 2012" (WebCite archive), NPR, March 22, 2012.
  61. ↑ Los Angeles Times Best Seller list for April 1, 2012. Scroll down for Hardcover Non-Fiction category. (WebCite archive).
  62. ↑ Schoppa, Christopher, "Book World bestsellers — Feb. 5, 2012" (WebCite archive), The Washington Post, publication date February 3, 2012.
  63. ↑ The New York Times Best Seller list for February 12, 2012 Hardcover Non-Fiction. (WebCite archive).
  64. ↑ The New York Times Best Seller list for January 20, 2013 Hardcover Non-Fiction. (WebCite archive).
  65. ↑ WebCite archive (2012-03-03) of Amazon's "Best Sellers in Books" listing "Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking [Hardcover]" at #12. Amazon rank may have peaked higher, sooner than March 3, in the same manner as it did in February in on The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times best seller lists.
  66. ↑ The New York Times Best Seller list for February 17, 2013, Paperback Non-Fiction. (WebCite archive).
  67. ↑ McKerrow, Joyce (compiler), "100 Bestselling books of 2012" (WebCite archive), Toronto Star, December 28, 2012.
  68. ↑ Goodreads Choice Awards 2012 (WebCite archive), Goodreads, December 4, 2012.
  69. ↑ Dupuis, John, "Best Science Books 2012: The top books of the year" (WebCite archive), ScienceBlogs Confessions of a Science Librarian, January 28, 2013.
  70. ↑ Flood, Alison, "Guardian first book award: the longlist 2012" (WebCite archive), The Guardian, August 30, 2012.
  71. ↑ Baer, Drake, "The Best Business Books Of 2012: Find Fulfillment, Get Productive, And Create Healthy Habits" (first and second WebCite archives), Fast Company, November 26, 2012.
  72. ↑ Appignanesi, Lisa, "Best psychology books of 2012" (WebCite archive), The Guardian/The Observer, November 30, 2012.
  73. ↑ "Best Nonfiction of 2012" (WebCite archive), Kirkus Reviews, on or before download and archive date of December 4, 2012.
  74. ↑ "15 best books of 2012 – nonfiction" (WebCite archive), The Christian Science Monitor, on or before download and archive date of December 4, 2012.
  75. ↑ "The Best Books of 2012" (WebCite archive), O, The Oprah Magazine, December 4, 2012.
  76. ↑ Somerset, Guy, "The 100 best books of 2012" (WebCite archive), The New Zealand Listener, December 5, 2012.
  77. ↑ Haden, Jeff, "Best 2012 Books for Entrepreneurs" (WebCite archive), Inc., December 6, 2012.
  78. ↑ Jarrett, Christian (compiler), "The best psychology books of 2012" (WebCite archive), British Psychological Society Research Digest, December 8, 2012.
  79. ↑ People magazine, 2012 year-end issue, late December 2012, page 48. WebCite archive of list contents.
  80. ↑ Backaitis, Virginia, "Book smart | Put some career advice under the tree with these recommended reads" (WebCite archive), New York Post, December 16, 2012.
  81. ↑ "Top 10 books for holiday stocking stuffers" (WebCite archive), Today.msnbc.com, video segment aired December 19, 2012.
  82. ↑ Kim, Joshua, "The 11 Best Nonfiction Books of 2012" (WebCite archive), Inside Higher Ed, December 20, 2012.
  83. ↑ Suttie, Jill; Zakrzewski, Vicki; Smith, Jeremy Adam; Marsh, Jason, "Our Ten Favorite Books of 2012" (WebCite archive), Greater Good Science Center, December 26, 2012.
  84. ↑ Joel, Mitch, "Mitch Joel: The best business books of 2012" (WebCite archive), The Montreal Gazette, January 8, 2013.
  85. ↑ Palumbo, Polly, Ph.D., "Best Parenting Books of 2012" (WebCite archive), Psychology Today, January 18, 2013.
  86. ↑ Zollinger, Carla, "Book Buzz: Quiet, The Fear Index" (WebCite archive), Daily Herald (Utah), March 4, 2012.
  87. ↑ Pettis, Kerry, "'Quiet' extols the virtues of introverts" (WebCite archive), Broomfield Enterprise, April 15, 2012.
  88. ↑ Fussell, James A., "The perks of being an introvert" (WebCite archive), The Kansas City Star, October 7, 2012.

Further reading and media

Further reading: (alphabetically)

Links to video and audio media: (chronologically)

Miscellaneous:

  • Cain's informal "Quiet Quiz" to determine one's location on the introvert-extrovert spectrum (not intended as a scientifically validated personality test)
  • The Quiet Revolution website, initiated by Cain in 2014
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