Red-headed vulture
| Red-headed Vulture | |
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| File:Red-headed Vulture Adult Male Bandhavgrah National Park 16042013.jpg | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Genus: |
Sarcogyps
Lesson, 1842
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| Species: |
S. calvus
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| Binomial name | |
| Sarcogyps calvus (Scopoli, 1786)
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| Current distribution range of red headed vulture | |
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The Red-headed Vulture (Sarcogyps calvus) is also known as the Asian King Vulture, Indian Black Vulture or Pondicherry Vulture[2] (though there are unrelated species in the New World which share the names king vulture and black vulture). It is mainly found in the Indian Subcontinent, with small disjunct populations in some parts of Southeast Asia.
Contents
Description
It is a medium-sized vulture of 76 to 86 cm (30 to 34 in) in length, weighing 3.5–6.3 kg (7.7–13.9 lb) and having a wingspan of about 1.99–2.6 m (6.5–8.5 ft).[3][4] It has a prominent naked head: deep-red to orange in the adult, paler red in the juvenile. It has a black body with pale grey band at the base of the flight feathers. The sexes differ in colour of the iris: males have a paler, whitish iris, whilst in females it is dark brown.[5]
Taxonomy and systematics
This is a species of Old World vulture found in the Indian Subcontinent. It has no subspecies.
Distribution and habitat
This gaudy-faced vulture was historically abundant, range widely across the Indian Subcontinent, and also eastwards to south-central and south-eastern Asia, extending from India to Singapore. Today the range of the Red-headed Vulture is localized primarily to northern India. It is usually in open country and in cultivated and semi-desert areas. It is also found in deciduous forests and foothills and river valleys. It is usually found up to an altitude of 3000m from sea level.[6]
Conservation status
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The red-headed vulture used to be declining, but only slowly; in 2004 the species was uplisted to Near Threatened from Least Concern by the IUCN. The widespread use of the NSAID Diclofenac in veterinary medicine in India has caused its population to collapse in recent years, however. Diclofenac is a compound now known to be extremely poisonous to vultures. The red-headed vulture population has essentially halved every other year since the late 1990s, and what once was a plentiful species numbering in the hundreds of thousands has come dangerously close to extinction in less than two decades. Consequently, it was uplisted to Critically Endangered in the 2007 IUCN Red List.[1]
Several NSAIDs have been found to be harmful to scavenging birds. Diclofenac, carprofen, flunixin, ibuprofen and phenylbutazone were associated with mortality. Meloxicam has thus far been found to be "Vulture-Safe" and its use in veterinary treatment of livestock is being encouraged.[7][8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ WWF- Red-headed Vulture (2011).
- ↑ Raptors of the World by Ferguson-Lees, Christie, Franklin, Mead & Burton. Houghton Mifflin (2001), ISBN 0-618-12762-3
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External links
- Pages with broken file links
- IUCN Red List critically endangered species
- Old World vultures
- Bird genera
- Birds of Asia
- Birds of Southeast Asia
- Birds of Bangladesh
- Birds of Bhutan
- Birds of Cambodia
- Birds of China
- Birds of Pakistan
- Birds of India
- Birds of Laos
- Birds of Malaysia
- Birds of Myanmar
- Birds of Nepal
- Birds of Thailand
- Birds of Vietnam
- Animals described in 1786
