SCR-299
The SCR-299 was a U.S. Signal Corps mobile military communications unit used during World War II.
History
The SCR-299 "mobile communications unit" was developed to provide long-range communications during World War II. The US Military sought improvements of range, flexibility and durability over its existing SCR-197 and SCR-597 transmitters. In 1942, Hallicrafters Standard HT-4 was selected as the SCR-299's transmitter, known subsequently by its military designation as the BC-610. The SCR-299 was first used on November 8, 1942 during Operation TORCH involving companies of the 829th Signal Service Battalion establishing a radio net that could exchange messages between beach-landed forces and bases in Gibraltar. Despite initial problems unloading the sets from convoy ships, the SCR-299s served until the installation of permanent Army Command and Administrative Network stations.[1] According to US Army military historians, "General Dwight Eisenhower credited the SCR-299 in his successful reorganization of the American forces and final defeat of the Nazis at Kasserine Pass."[2]
The range of the SCR-299 exceeded original specifications, sometime establishing contact over 2,300 miles (3,700 km).[3] The SCR-299 provided reliable communications with England during the North African campaign, and in Normandy on D-Day, served as a connection between two airborne divisions with Britain.[4] The SCR-299 was also used in the invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy.[5]
War correspondents and press reporters frequently made use of the SCR-299 and SCR-399. Access to the sets was provided to them by US Second Army and US Third Army Group Communications Teams, and in one instance, the SCR-399 became the only means of getting press copy direct to London.[6]
In 1944, a short subject film was produced by the Jam Handy Organization and sponsored by the Hallicrafters Company that showed the construction of the SCR-299 and dramatized its use during World War II.[7][8]
Hallicrafters Company advertising of the period sometimes used illustrations of the shelter-mounted SCR-399 to describe the achievements of the SCR-299.[9]
Specifications
- Frequency coverage: HF from 2 to 8 MHz (and 1–18 MHz using conversion kits)
- Transmitter output power: 350 watts.
- Receivers: BC-312 and BC-342
- Transmitter: BC-610 plus BC-614 (speech amplifier), BC-729 (tuning unit) and BC-211 (frequency meter)
- Power supply: 2000 watts, with additional 1500 watts for heater and lights supplied by PE-95 (power unit) on K-52 "Ben-Hur" style trailer. Optional 12 volt storage battery, or 115 volt 60 cycle AC commercial power and two spare 6 volt storage batteries
- SCR-299 housing: K-51 van truck
- SCR-399 housing: HO-17 shelter mountable on 21⁄2-ton trucks.
- SCR-499 housing: air-transportable
- Frequency Conversion Kit MC-503: coverage down to 1 MHz.
- Frequency Conversion Kit MC-516: coverage to 12 MHz
- Frequency Conversion Kit MC-517: coverage to 18 MHz.
- Antennas: 9-foot (2.7 m) whip antenna (receiver), 15-foot (4.6 m) whip antenna (transmitter). Optional 21 ft (6.4 m) whip antenna while stationary or 45 ft (14 m) auxiliary wire antenna for 2.0 to 4.5 MHz coverage.[10]
- Remote control: field telephones, control boxes and cable.[11][12]
Notes
- ↑ http://assets.mediaspanonline.com/prod/1857873/fhs_01222009A20.pdf Fort Huachuca Scout, January 22, 2009. Signal Corps carries the Torch, by Kristen Gregan, NETCOM Historical Staff
- ↑ http://www.gordon.army.mil/ocos/ac/WWII/SCR299.asp The SCR-299, United States Army Signal Center, Fort Gordon, GA
- ↑ http://www.gordon.army.mil/ocos/ac/WWII/SCR299.asp The SCR299, Army Communicator United States Army Signal Center, Fort Gordon, GA
- ↑ http://books.google.com/books?id=0bRaa7UuD6EC&pg=RA1-PA393&dq=scr-299&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES The Library of Congress World War II Companion by Margaret E. Wagner, David M. Kennedy, Linda Barrett Osborne, Susan Reyburn, Library of Congress, Simon and Schuster, 2007 ISBN 0-7432-5219-5, ISBN 978-0-7432-5219-5
- ↑ http://www.gordon.army.mil/ocos/ac/WWII/SCR299.asp The SCR-299, United States Army Signal Center, Fort Gordon, GA
- ↑ http://www.history.army.mil/html/reference/normandy/TS/SC/SC3.htm United States Army Center of Military History CHAPTER III, The Signal Corps in the ETO to Mid-1944
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/VoiceofV1944 Hallicrafters, The Voice Of Victory (1944), Internet Archive
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/VoiceofV1944_2 Hallicrafters, The Voice Of Victory (1944), Internet Archive, Part 2
- ↑ Dachis, Chuck (1996). Radios By Hallicrafters. Schiffer Publishing,Atglen(USA).
- ↑ http://www.gordon.army.mil/OCOS/Museum/ScrComponents/scrPart2.asp Directory Of Components, The SCR299, Army Communicator United States Army Signal Center, Fort Gordon, GA
- ↑ http://www.gordon.army.mil/ocos/Museum/AMC/radio2.asp Fort Gordon Museum, Transportable Sets
- ↑ http://www.gordon.army.mil/ocos/museum/scrcomponents/scrPart2.asp Fort Gordon Museum
See also
- ARC-5
- BC-348
- BC-654
- BC-610
- Collins Radio
- Hallicrafters SX-28
- R-390A
- SCR-300
- SCR-536
- Wireless Set No. 19
- List of U.S. Signal Corps Vehicles
- Signal Corps Radio
- M-209
