Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

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"Schiphol" redirects here. For the railway station, see Schiphol railway station.
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Luchthaven Schiphol
250px
Amsterdam Schiphol Airport entrance.jpg
IATA: AMS – ICAO: EHAM
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner Schiphol Group
Operator Schiphol Group
Serves Amsterdam, Netherlands
Location Haarlemmermeer
Hub for
Elevation AMSL −11 ft / −3 m
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Website schiphol.com
Map
AMS is located in Amsterdam
AMS
AMS
Location within Greater Amsterdam
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
18R/36L 'Polderbaan' 3,800 12,467 Asphalt
06/24 'Kaagbaan' 3,500 11,483 Asphalt
09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan' 3,450 11,319 Asphalt
18L/36R 'Aalsmeerbaan' 3,400 11,155 Asphalt
18C/36C 'Zwanenburgbaan' 3,300 10,827 Asphalt
04/22 'Oostbaan' 2,014 6,608 Asphalt
Statistics (2014)
Passengers Increase58,252,174
Freight (tonnes) Increase1,633,195
Aircraft movements Increase438,296
Economic & social impact $27.3 billion[2]

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (Dutch: Luchthaven Schiphol, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʏxtˌɦaːvə(n) ˌsxɪpˈɦɔl]) (IATA: AMS, ICAO: EHAM) is the main international airport of the Netherlands, located 4.9 nautical miles (9.1 km; 5.6 mi)[5] southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, province of North Holland. It is the fifth busiest airport in Europe in terms of passengers. The airport is built as a single-terminal concept: one large terminal split into three large departure halls.

Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair Cargo, Transavia and TUI Airlines Netherlands. The airport also serves as a European hub for Delta Air Lines and as a base for EasyJet and Vueling.

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war the airfield was restored quickly. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. The airport's official English name, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, reflects the original Dutch word order (Luchthaven Schiphol).

Description

Schiphol Airport is an important European airport, ranking as Europe's fifth busiest and the world's twenty second busiest by total passenger traffic in 2015 (14th in 2014 and 2013 and 16th in 2012). It also ranks as the world's fifth busiest by international passenger traffic and the world's sixteenth busiest for cargo tonnage. 52.569 million passengers passed through the airport in 2013, a 3% increase compared with 2012.[4] Schiphol's main competitors in terms of passenger traffic and cargo throughput are London Heathrow Airport, Frankfurt Airport, Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport and Madrid–Barajas Airport.

In 2010, 65.9% of passengers using the airport flew to and from Europe, 11.7% to and from North America and 8.8% to and from Asia; cargo volume was mainly between Schiphol and Asia (45%) and North America (17%).[6]

In 2010, 106 carriers provided a total of 301 destinations on a regular basis. Passenger destinations were offered by 91 airlines. Direct (non-stop) destinations grew by 9 to a total of 274. Regular destinations serviced exclusively by full freighters (non-passenger) grew by eight to a total of twenty-seven.[7]

The airport is built as one large terminal (a single-terminal concept), split into three large departure halls, which connect again once airside. The most recent of these was completed in 1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section, called Terminal 4, although it is not considered a separate building. Plans for further terminal expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the one-terminal concept.

Because of intense traffic and high landing fees, some low-cost carriers decided to move their flights to smaller airports, such as Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport. Many low-cost carriers, such as EasyJet, however, continue to operate from Schiphol, using the low-cost H-pier. There have been talks about using the Lelystad Airport for low-cost carriers.[8]

Schiphol is equipped with eighteen double jetway gates in preparation for airlines introducing the Airbus A380. Emirates was the first airline to fly the A380 to Schiphol in August 2012, deploying the aircraft on its daily Dubai–Amsterdam service.[9] During the summer, China Southern Airlines also uses the A380 on its Beijing–Amsterdam route.

History

A Ford being used to power a winch for towing gliders at Schiphol in 1933.

Schiphol's name is derived from a former fortification named Fort Schiphol which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works.[10] Before 1852, the Haarlemmermeer polder in which the airport lies was a large lake with some shallow areas. There are multiple stories of how the place got its name. The most popular story is that in the shallow waters sudden violent storms could claim many ships. This was the main reason for reclaiming it. In English, Schiphol translates to "Ship Grave", a reference to many ships supposedly lost in the lake. When the lake was reclaimed, however, no ship wrecks were found. Another possible origin of the name is the word 'scheepshaal'. A scheepshaal is a ditch or little canal in which ships would be towed from one lake to another. A third explanation would be that the name derived from the words "scip hol". This is a low-lying area of land (hol, like in the name Holland) from where wood would be obtained to build ships.[11]

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase, with a few barracks and a field serving as platform and runways. When civil aircraft started to use the field (17 December 1920), it was often called Schiphol-les-bains. The Fokker aircraft manufacturer started a factory near Schiphol airport in 1919.[12] The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely.

By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles, all 1,020 metres (3,350 ft) or less. One was extended to become today's runway 04/22; two others crossed that runway at Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. A large amount of anti-aircraft defences were installed in the vicinity of the airport and fake decoy airfields were constructed in the vicinity near Bennebroek, Vijfhuizen and Vogelenzang in an attempt to confuse allied bombers. A railway connection was also constructed. Despite these defences, the airfield was still bombed intensively, and an exceptionally heavy attack on 13 December 1943 caused so much damage that it rendered the airfield unusable as an active base. After that, it served only as an emergency landing field, until the Germans themselves destroyed the remainders of the airfield at the start of Operation Market Garden. At the end of the war, the airfield was restored quickly, with the first aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, landing again on 8 July 1945.[13]

The air traffic control tower at Schiphol in 1960
The apron in 1965

A new terminal building was completed in 1949 and it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. Expansion came at the cost of a small town called Rijk, which was demolished to make room for the growing airport. The name of this town is remembered in the name of the present Schiphol-Rijk industrial estate. In 1967, Dutch designer Benno Wissing created signage for Schiphol Airport well known for its clear writing and thorough color-coding; to avoid confusion, he prohibited any other signage in the shades of yellow and green used.[14] This was part of the new terminal building which replaced the older facilities once located on what is now the east side of the airport. The A-Pier of the airport was modified in 1970 to allow Boeing 747 aircraft to make use of the boarding gates.

The construction of a new Air Traffic Control tower was completed in 1991 as the existing tower could no longer oversee all of the airport. New wayfinding signage was designed that year as well by Paul Mijksenaar.[15] A sixth runway was completed at quite some distance west of the rest of airport in 2003 and was nicknamed the Polderbaan, with the connecting taxiway crossing the A5 motorway. The distance of this runway means that taxi times to and from this runway can take between 10 and 20 minutes. It also required the construction of an additional Air Traffic Control tower as the primary tower is too far away to oversee this part of the airfield.[16]

On 25 February 2005, a diamond robbery occurred at Schiphol's cargo terminal. The robbers used a stolen KLM van to gain airside access. The estimated value of the stones was around 75 million euros, making it one of the largest diamond robberies ever.[17] Later that year, a fire broke out at the airport's detention centre, killing 11 people and injuring 15. The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident. Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force. A national outrage resulted in the resignation of Justice Minister Donner (CDA) and Mayor Hartog of Haarlemmermeer. Spatial Planning Minister Dekker (VVD) resigned as well, because she bore responsibility for the construction, safety, and maintenance of state-owned buildings.

Infrastructure

Map showing the six runways of Schiphol
Air Traffic Control Towers at Schiphol
Boeing Jumbo 747 on the Taxiway Bridge crossing the Highway A4 E19
Schiphol Airport Library

Terminal

Schiphol uses a one-terminal concept, where all facilities are located under a single roof, radiating from the central plaza. The terminal, though, is divided into three sections or halls designated 1, 2 and 3. To all of these halls, piers or concourses are connected. However, it is possible, on both sides of security or border inspection, to walk from between piers, even those connected to different halls. The exception to this is the low-cost pier M: once airside (past security), passengers cannot access any other areas. Border control separates Schengen from non-Schengen areas. Schiphol Airport has approximately 165 boarding gates.

Schiphol has large shopping areas as a source of revenue and as an additional attraction for passengers. Schiphol Plaza is the shopping centre before customs, hence it is used by air travelers and non-traveling visitors.

Departure Hall 1

Departure Hall 1 consists of Piers B and C, both of which are dedicated Schengen areas. Pier B has 14 gates and Pier C has 21 gates.

Departure Hall 2

Departure Hall 2 consists of Piers D and E.

Pier D is the largest pier and has two levels. The lower floor houses non-Schengen flights and the upper floor is used for Schengen flights. By using stairs, the same jetways are used to access the aircraft. Schengen gates are numbered beginning with D-59; non-Schengen gates are numbered from D-1 to D-57.

Pier E is a dedicated non-Schengen area and has 14 gates. It is typically home to SkyTeam hub airlines Delta Air Lines and KLM, along with other members, such as China Airlines and China Southern Airlines. Other Middle Eastern and Asian airlines such as EVA Air, Etihad Airways, Iran Air, Air Astana and Malaysia Airlines also typically operate out of Pier E.

Departure Hall 3

Departure Hall 3 consists of piers F, G, H and M. Pier F has 8 gates and is typically dominated by SkyTeam members such as primary airline KLM, Kenya Airways, China Airlines and China Southern Airlines, and other members. Pier G has 13 gates and is, except for pier E, the only terminal that handles daily Airbus A380 service, by Emirates and China Southern Airlines. Piers H and M have 7 gates each and are home to low-cost airlines. Piers F, G and H are non-Schengen areas. Pier M is a dedicated Schengen area.

General aviation terminal

A new general aviation terminal was opened in 2011 on the east side of the airport, operated as the KLM Jet Center. The new terminal building has a floorspace of 6,000 m2 (65,000 sq ft); 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) for the actual terminal and lounges, 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) for office space and 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) for parking.[18]

Other facilities

The Rijksmuseum operates an annex at the airport, offering a small overview of both classical and contemporary art.[19] Admission to the exhibits is free. The airport museum is closed until the end of 2016, due to refurbishment.

In summer 2010, Schiphol Airport Library opened alongside the museum, providing passengers access to a collection of 1,200 books (translated into 29 languages) by Dutch authors on subjects relating to the country's history and culture. The 89.9 m2 (968 sq ft) library offers e-books and music by Dutch artists and composers that can be downloaded free of charge to a laptop or mobile device.[20] The Schiphol Airport Library closed in September 2014 for refurbishment until the end of 2016.

For aviation enthusiasts, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area, called the Panoramaterras. It is not accessible to connecting passengers unless they first exit the airport. Enthusiasts and the public can enter, free of charge, from the airport's landside. Since June 2011, it is the location for a KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100, modified to be a viewing exhibit.[21] Besides the Panoramaterras, Schiphol has other spotting sites, especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the McDonald's restaurant at the north side of the airport.

Schiphol has its own mortuary, where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival. Since October 2006, people can also hold a wedding ceremony at Schiphol.[22]

Schiphol is building a new state-of-the-art cube-shaped hotel with 433 rooms, rounded corners and diamond-shaped windows. The spacious atrium will have a 41-metre-high (135 ft) ceiling made of glass and will be in the heart of the building. A covered walkway will connect the hotel directly to the terminal. The hotel will be completed in 2015.[23]

Future expansions

In 2012, Schiphol Group announced a big expansion of Schiphol, featuring a new pier,[24] an expansion of the terminal, and a new parking garage.[25] Pier A will be part of Departure Hall 1 which already has Pier B (14 gates) and Pier C (21 gates). The new Pier A will have 10 gates. The first activities are expected to start in 2017 and to be completed in 2019. The expansions will cost about 500 million euro.

The new Pier A will be built next to Pier B, in an area now used as a freight platform for planes. Pier A will mainly be used for flights within Europe. To handle the extra passengers that come with this new pier, Schiphol will eventually expand the terminal and build new facilities for check-ins and arrivals. From the new building, direct access will be made to the platforms of the underground railway station. When the new terminal is finished in 2023, Schiphol can handle over 70 million passengers.[26]

Tower

The Schiphol air traffic control tower, with a height of 101 m (331 ft), was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991.[citation needed] Schiphol is geographically one of the world's lowest major commercial airports. The entire airport is below sea level; the lowest point sits at 3.4 m (11 ft) below sea level (or 1.4 m (4.5 ft) below the Dutch Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP)); the runways are around 3 m (9.8 ft) below NAP.[27][28]

Runways

Schiphol has six runways, one of which is used mainly by general aviation.[5] The northern end of the Polderbaan, the newest runway, is 7 km (4.3 mi) north of the control tower, resulting in taxi times up to 20 minutes to the terminal.

Number Runway direction/code Length
(in metres and feet)		 Runway common name Source of the name Surface Notes
1 18R/36L 3,800 m
12,467 ft		 Polderbaan Decided via contest. 'Polder' is the Dutch word for land reclaimed from a body of water. Schiphol Airport is situated in a polder. Asphalt Newest runway, opened 2003.
Located to reduce the noise impact on the surrounding population; aircraft have a lengthy 15-minute taxi to and from the Terminal. The intended landing runway for Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, which crashed in a field just short of the runway.
2 06/24 3,500 m
11,483 ft		 Kaagbaan Named after the Kagerplassen which lies at the end of the runway Asphalt The Kaagbaan offered a location for spotters until the spotting location was closed in January 2008.[29]
3 09/27 3,453 m
11,329 ft		 Buitenveldertbaan Named after Buitenveldert, a part of Amsterdam Asphalt El Al Flight 1862 was trying to make an emergency landing on this runway when it crashed into a block of flats in the Bijlmermeer.[30]
4 18L/36R 3,400 m
11,155 ft		 Aalsmeerbaan Named after Aalsmeer Asphalt
5 18C/36C 3,300 m
10,826 ft		 Zwanenburgbaan Named after the village Zwanenburg Asphalt El Al Flight 1862 took off from this runway before crashing into flats in the Bijlmermeer when the plane was trying to return to the airport.[30]
6 04/22 2,014 m
6,608 ft		 Oostbaan Most Eastern (Oost) of all runways Asphalt In October 2010 a B-737 of Corendon Airlines overshot this short runway and ended up with its nosegear in the mud.[31]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Note: The concourses listed are not definite since very few airlines have dedicated piers or gates; the piers listed below are based on typical operations.

Airlines Destinations Concourse
Adria Airways Ljubljana, Łódź B
Aegean Airlines Athens (begins 27 May 2016)[32]
Seasonal: Heraklion, Rhodes		 B
Aer Lingus Cork, Dublin D
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo D, G
Aeroméxico Mexico City (begins 30 May 2016)[33] TBA
Air Arabia Maroc Casablanca, Nador, Tangier D, G
Air Astana Atyrau D
Air Cairo Charter: Luxor G
Air Canada Toronto–Pearson E, G
Air Europa Madrid C
Air France Marseille, Paris–Charles de Gaulle C
Air France
operated by HOP!		 Clermont–Ferrand, Nantes, Rennes (begins 27 March 2016),[34] Strasbourg C
Air Malta Malta B
Air Serbia Belgrade D
Air Transat Seasonal: Calgary, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver E, G
airBaltic Riga, Tallinn (begins 27 March 2016),[35] Vilnius B
Alitalia Milan–Linate, Rome–Fiumicino B
American Airlines Philadelphia E, G
Arkia Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion G
AtlasGlobal Istanbul–Atatürk G
Austrian Airlines Vienna B
Belavia Minsk D
British Airways London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow D
British Airways
operated by BA CityFlyer		 London–City D
Bulgaria Air Sofia
Charter: Burgas		 D
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong G
China Airlines Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Taipei–Taoyuan F
China Southern Airlines Beijing–Capital, Guangzhou F
CityJet London–City C
Corendon Airlines Alanya/Gazipaşa, Ankara, Antalya, Bodrum, Dalaman, Istanbul–Atatürk, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya D, G
Corendon Dutch Airlines Antalya, Bodrum, Elazığ, Ercan, Gran Canaria, Hurghada, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Nador, Tetouan
Seasonal: Aqaba, Banjul, Burgas, Eilat–Ovda, Fuerteventura, Heraklion, Lanzarote, Málaga, Marrakesh, Marsa Alam, Ohrid, Palma de Mallorca, Plovdiv		 D, G
Croatia Airlines Zagreb
Seasonal: Dubrovnik, Pula		 D
Czech Airlines Prague C
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Newark, Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma
Seasonal: Salt Lake City		 D, E, G
easyJet Belfast–International, Berlin–Schönefeld, Bordeaux, Bristol, Catania (begins 7 May 2016), Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hamburg, Lisbon, Liverpool, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, London–Southend, London–Stansted, Lyon, Málaga (begins 6 May 2016), Manchester, Marseille (begins 10 May 2016), Milan-Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Naples (begins 27 March 2016),[36] Nice, Olbia, Palma de Mallorca (begins 8 May 2015), Prague, Rhodes (begins 15 June 2016), Rome–Fiumicino, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Toulouse, Venice, Vienna
Seasonal: Corfu, Dubrovnik, Grenoble, Ibiza, Palermo, Salzburg, Split, Tenerife–South		 H, M
easyJet Switzerland Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva M
EgyptAir Cairo G
El Al Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion G
Emirates Dubai–International G
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi E
EVA Air Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Taipei–Taoyuan E, G
Finnair Helsinki B
Flybe Birmingham, Bournemouth (ends 26 March 2016), Doncaster/Sheffield (begins 27 March 2016), Exeter, Inverness, Liverpool, London–City, Manchester, Nottingham/East Midlands, Southampton D, H
Garuda Indonesia1 Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, London–Gatwick D, G
Georgian Airways Tbilisi D
Germanwings Hamburg, Stuttgart B
Iberia Express Madrid B
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík C
Iran Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini E
Israir Airlines Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion G
Jet Airways Delhi, Mumbai, Toronto–Pearson (all begin 27 March 2016)[37] TBA
Jet2.com Leeds/Bradford H
Jetairfly Nador, Tangier C, D, E, G
Kenya Airways Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta F
KLM Aberdeen, Athens, Barcelona, Bergen, Berlin–Tegel, Bilbao, Billund, Birmingham, Bordeaux, Brussels (begins 27 March 2016), Bucharest, Budapest, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Frankfurt, Geneva, Glasgow, Gothenburg–Landvetter, Hamburg, Helsinki, Istanbul–Atatürk, Kiev–Boryspil, Lisbon, London–Heathrow, Madrid, Manchester, Milan–Linate, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Munich, Newcastle upon Tyne, Oslo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, Saint Petersburg, Stavanger, Stockholm–Arlanda, Stuttgart, Valencia (begins 23 April 2016), Venice, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin, Zürich
Seasonal: Ibiza (begins 4 July 2016), Zagreb (begins 29 March 2016)[38]		 B, C, D
KLM Abu Dhabi, Accra, Almaty, Aruba, Atlanta, Bahrain, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Bogotá, Bonaire, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cairo, Calgary, Cali, Cape Town, Chengdu, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Curaçao, Dammam, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali, Doha, Dubai–International, Edmonton, Entebbe, Guayaquil, Hangzhou, Havana, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Kigali, Kilimanjaro, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait, Lagos, Lima, Los Angeles, Luanda, Manila, Mexico City, Montréal–Trudeau, Muscat, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Panama City, Paramaribo, Quito, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Salt Lake City (begins 5 May 2016),[39] San Francisco, Santiago de Chile, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Washington–Dulles, Xiamen D, E, F
KLM
operated by KLM Cityhopper		 Aalborg, Aberdeen, Ålesund, Basel/Mulhouse, Belfast–City, Berlin–Tegel, Bilbao, Billund, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bremen, Bristol, Brussels, Cardiff, Cologne/Bonn (ends 31 January 2016),[40] Copenhagen, Dresden (begins 16 May 2016), Durham Tees Valley, Düsseldorf, Florence, Frankfurt, Geneva, Genoa (begins 22 April 2016), Gothenburg–Landvetter, Hamburg, Hanover, Helsinki, Humberside, Inverness (begins 17 May 2016), Kraków, Kristiansand, Leeds/Bradford, Linköping, London–Heathrow, Luxembourg, Lyon, Manchester, Montpellier, Munich, Nice, Norwich, Nuremberg, Prague, Sandefjord, Southampton (begins 16 May 2016), Stuttgart, Toulouse, Trondheim, Turin, Venice, Vienna, Zagreb, Zürich B, C, D
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon F
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin C
Lufthansa Frankfurt B
Lufthansa Regional
operated by Lufthansa CityLine		 Frankfurt, Munich B
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International (ends 26 January 2016)[41] G
Malmö Aviation Seasonal: Umeå B
Meridiana Seasonal: Cagliari B
Nordic Aviation
operated by BMI Regional and Carpatair		 Tallinn B
Norwegian Air Shuttle Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda D, M
Onur Air Istanbul–Atatürk G
Pegasus Airlines Antalya, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen D, G
Qatar Airways Doha D, G
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca, Nador, Tangier
Seasonal: Al Hoceima, Oujda		 D, G
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia D, G
Ryanair Dublin H
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda C
Singapore Airlines Singapore G
SkyWork Airlines Bern B
Sun D'Or
operated by El Al		 Seasonal: Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion G
SunExpress İzmir
Seasonal: Antalya, Kayseri, Konya		 G
SunExpress Deutschland Seasonal Charter: Nador D, G
Surinam Airways Paramaribo G
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich B, C, D
TACV Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Praia, Sao Vicente D, G
TAP Portugal Lisbon B
TAP Portugal
operated by Portugália		 Porto B
TAROM Bucharest D
Transavia Agadir, Alanya/Gazipaşa, Alicante, Antalya, Athens, Barcelona, Bergerac (begins 4 April 2016),[42] Casablanca, Erbil, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Innsbruck, La Palma, Lanzarote, Lisbon, Málaga, Marrakech, Naples, Nice, Paris–Orly, Pisa, Porto, Seville, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Turin, Valencia, Venice
Seasonal: Ajaccio, Almería, Banjul, Bari, Boa Vista, Bodrum, Burgas, Catania, Chambéry, Chania, Chios, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubai–International, Dubrovnik (begins 4 April 2016),[43] Girona, Heraklion, Ibiza, İzmir, Kalamata, Kavala, Kefalonia, Kos, Lamezia Terme, Larnaca, Malta, Monastir, Mytilene, Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Preveza, Rhodes, Sal, Salzburg, Samos, Santorini, Verona, Zakynthos		 B, C, D, E
Transavia France Paris–Orly C
TUI Airlines Netherlands Charter: Antalya, Aruba, Banjul, Boa Vista, Bodrum, Bonaire, Burgas, Cancún, Curaçao, Dalaman, Dubai–International, Faro, Fortaleza, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Heraklion, Holguín, Hurghada, Lanzarote, Málaga, Menorca, Miami, Montego Bay, Natal, Orlando/Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Rhodes, Sal, Sharm el-Sheikh, Sint Maarten, Tenerife–South, Varadero, Zanzibar
Seasonal charter: Aqaba, Corfu, Dakar, Denpasar/Bali, Djerba, Enfidha, Girona, Ibiza, İzmir, Jerez de la Frontera, Karpathos, Kefalonia, Kittilä, Kos, Marsa Alam, Mataram, Mombasa, Mytilene, Ohrid, Pico (begins May 2016), Ponta Delgada, Pula, Samos, Sitia, Terceira, Toronto–Pearson, Zakynthos		 C, D, E, G
TUI Airlines Netherlands
operated by Jetairfly		 Charter: Brussels, Miami, Orlando/Sanford C, D, E, G
Tunisair Tunis D, G
Turkish Airlines Ankara, Istanbul–Atatürk, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen G
Ukraine International Airlines Kiev–Boryspil D
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles D, E, G
Vueling Alicante, Barcelona, Bilbao, Gran Canaria (begins 1 July 2016), Lisbon (begins 1 May 2016), London–Luton (begins 18 March 2016), Málaga, Milan–Malpensa (begins 1 February 2016), Rome–Fiumicino
Seasonal: Catania (begins 30 April 2016), Ibiza, Naples (begins 1 May 2016), Palma de Mallorca, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Valencia		 B
WOW air Reykjavík–Keflavík C
XiamenAir Xiamen F
Zagrosjet Erbil D

^1 Some of Garuda Indonesia's flights from Jakarta to Amsterdam stop in Singapore, but all flights from Amsterdam to Jakarta are nonstop.

Cargo

Airlines Destinations
Air China Cargo Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin
AirBridgeCargo Airlines Anchorage, Chengdu, Chicago–O'Hare, Khabarovsk, Los Angeles, Moscow–Domodedovo, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Novosibirsk, Shanghai–Pudong, Zhengzhou
Cargolux Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific Cargo Chennai, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Frankfurt, Hong Kong
Centurion Air Cargo Caracas, Houston–Intercontinental, Miami
China Airlines Cargo Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Prague, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Zhengzhou
China Southern Airlines Cargo Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Vienna
Coyne Airways Tbilisi
DHL Aviation London–Heathrow
Emirates SkyCargo Dubai–Al Maktoum, Houston–Intercontinental
Etihad Cargo
operated by Atlas Air		 Abu Dhabi, Bogotá, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, San Juan
FedEx Express Oslo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Kalitta Air Bahrain, Newark
Korean Air Cargo Seoul–Incheon
LAN Cargo Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cabo Frio, Campinas–Viracopos, Curitiba, Santiago de Chile
LANCO Bogotá, Miami
Lufthansa Cargo Aguadilla, Bogotá, Frankfurt
Martinair Cargo Aguadilla, Almaty, Bahrain, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Bogotá, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campinas–Viracopos, Chennai, Dammam, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Doha, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Entebbe, Guadalajara, Guayaquil, Harare, Hong Kong, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Khartoum, Kigali, Kuwait City, London–Stansted, Miami, Montevideo, Mumbai, Muscat, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Quito, Riyadh, San José, Santiago de Chile, Sharjah, Singapore
MASkargo Dubai–Al Maktoum, Kuala Lumpur–International
MNG Airlines Istanbul–Atatürk, Munich, Tripoli–Mitiga
Nippon Cargo Airlines Tokyo–Narita
Qatar Airways Cargo Chicago–O'Hare, Doha
Saudia Cargo Jeddah, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta
Silk Way Airlines Baku
Singapore Airlines Cargo Bangalore, Chennai, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, London–Heathrow, Mumbai, Sharjah, Singapore
Thai Airways Cargo Bangkok–Suvarbhumi, Chennai
Turkish Airlines Cargo Istanbul–Atatürk, London–Stansted
Uzbekistan Airways Navoi
Yangtze River Express Munich, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Zhengzhou

Other users

Other regular users of Schiphol are the Dutch Coast Guard whose aircraft are operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force, the Dienst Luchtvaart Politie and the Dutch Dakota Association.

Statistics

Arkefly Boeing 737-800 in Amsterdam
easyJet Airbus A319 in Amsterdam
Transavia Boeing 737-800 in Amsterdam
KLM Boeing 777-200ER in Amsterdam
Cathay Pacific Airbus A340 in Amsterdam
Kenya Airways Boeing 777-200ER in Amsterdam
Busiest European Routes from Amsterdam Airport (2014)
Rank Airport Passengers 2014 Change % Carriers
1  UK, London (Heathrow), United Kingdom 1,486,861 Increase3.0 British Airways, KLM, KLM Cityhopper
2  Spain, Barcelona, Spain 1,217,916 Increase2.6 KLM, Transavia, Vueling
3  France, Paris (Charles de Gaulle), France 1,159,308 Increase2.9 Air France, KLM
4  Italy, Rome (Fiumicino), Italy 1,028,871 Increase7.6 Alitalia, easyJet, KLM, Vueling
5  Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark 888,538 Increase10.2 KLM, KLM Cityhopper, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavian Airlines
6  UK, London (Gatwick), United Kingdom 875,520 Increase16.6 British Airways, easyJet
7  Spain, Madrid, Spain 840,215 Increase16.6 Air Europa, KLM, Iberia Express
8  Germany, Frankfurt, Germany 753,623 Increase4.8 KLM, KLM Cityhopper, Lufthansa
9  UK, Manchester, United Kingdom 732,671 Increase5.9 easyJet, KLM
10  Germany, Munich, Germany 731,536 Increase5.5 KLM, KLM Cityhopper, Lufthansa, Lufthansa Regional
11  Turkey, Antalya, Turkey 721,409 Decrease−3.3 Corendon Airlines, Freebird Airlines, Onur Air, Pegasus Airlines, SunExpress, Transavia, TUI Airlines Netherlands
12   Switzerland, Zürich, Switzerland 720,571 Increase3.3 KLM, KLM Cityhopper, Swiss International Air Lines
13  Sweden, Stockholm (Arlanda), Sweden 691,556 Increase4.8 KLM, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavian Airlines
14  Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal 668,088 Decrease−0.6 easyJet, KLM, TAP Portugal, Transavia
15   Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland 639,254 Increase1.9 easyJet Switzerland, KLM, KLM Cityhopper
16  Turkey, Istanbul (Atatürk), Turkey 628,622 Increase2.5 Corendon, Freebird Airlines, KLM, Turkish Airlines
17  Norway, Oslo (Gardermoen), Norway 614,458 Increase1.6 KLM, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Scandinavian Airlines
18  UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 600,652 Increase7.0 easyJet, KLM, KLM Cityhopper
19  Italy, Milan (Linate), Italy 547,773 Increase0.3 Alitalia, Alitalia CityLiner, KLM
20  Austria, Vienna, Austria 541,060 Increase4.2 Austrian Airlines, KLM, KLM Cityhopper
Source: http://trafficreview2014.schipholmagazines.nl/assets/traffic-review-2014.pdf
Busiest Intercontinental Routes from Amsterdam Airport (2014)
Rank Airport Passengers 2014 Change % Carriers
1  UAE, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 798,315 Increase22.0 Emirates, KLM, Transavia, TUI Airlines Netherlands
2  USA, New York (JFK), United States 665,852 Increase5.7 Delta, KLM
3  USA, Atlanta, United States 649,602 Increase7.9 Delta, KLM
4  USA, Detroit, United States 623,458 Decrease−3.9 Delta
5  USA, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, United States 457,246 Decrease−1.9 Delta
6  Thailand, Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi), Thailand 443,967 Decrease−3.5 China Airlines, EVA Air, KLM
7  Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya 426,930 Increase7.5 Kenya Airways, KLM
8  Curacao, Curaçao, Curaçao 426,102 Increase9.2 KLM, TUI Airlines Netherlands
9  Canada, Toronto, Canada 367,374 Decrease−2.9 Air Transat, KLM, TUI Airlines Netherlands
10  Hong_Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 365,400 Decrease−0.8 Cathay Pacific, KLM
11  Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel 359,674 Increase1.4 Arkia Israel Airlines, El Al, Israir, KLM, Transavia
12  UAE, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 348,448 Increase34.3 Etihad Airways, KLM
13  USA, Houston, United States 337,796 Increase6.3 KLM, United Airlines
14  China, Beijing (Capital), China 317,085 Increase5.3 China Southern Airlines, KLM
15  Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 311,664 Decrease−0.9 KLM, Singapore Airlines
16  China, Shanghai (Pudong), China 290,211 Decrease−3.8 KLM
17  Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 268,738 Decrease−9.2 KLM, Malaysia Airlines
18  USA, Washington (Dulles), United States 262,013 Decrease−4.5 KLM, United Airlines
19  USA, Los Angeles, United States 261,474 Increase0.7 KLM
20  USA, Boston, United States 258,073 Decrease−4.4 Delta
Source: http://trafficreview2014.schipholmagazines.nl/assets/traffic-review-2014.pdf
Countries with most air traffic movements from Amsterdam Airport (2014)
Rank Country movements 2014 Change %
1  UK 83,956 Increase2.3
2  Germany 45,643 Increase2
3  Spain 27,381 Increase6.2
4  France 26,467 Increase3.5
5  Italy 24,683 Increase13.2
6  US 21,653 Increase0.9
7  Norway 19,072 Increase1.6
8   Switzerland 16,779 Increase0.5
9  Denmark 13,062 Increase2.6
10  Sweden 10,585 Increase4.0
Source: http://trafficreview2014.schipholmagazines.nl/assets/traffic-review-2014.pdf
Countries with passenger movements from/to Amsterdam Airport (2014)
Rank Country Passengers 2014 Change %
1  UK 8,222,467 Increase6.8
2  US 4,826,409 Decrease-0.2
3  Spain 4,153,522 Increase5.6
4  Germany 3,609,872 Increase6.3
5  Italy 3,115,040 Increase11.5
6  France 2,601,715 Increase6.5
7  Turkey 2,455,217 Increase1.3
8  Norway 1,683,746 Increase3.5
9   Switzerland 1,683,746 Increase4.4
10  Denmark 1,352,614 Increase10.1
Source: http://trafficreview2014.schipholmagazines.nl/assets/traffic-review-2014.pdf

Other facilities

Schiphol Group offices
The Convair Building, which houses KLM Cityhopper and KLM offices, and the original Schiphol control tower

The TransPort Building on the Schiphol Airport property houses the head offices of Martinair and Transavia.[44] Construction of the building, which has 10,800 m2 (116,000 sq ft) of rentable space, began on 17 March 2009. Schiphol Group and the architect firm Paul de Ruiter designed the building, while De Vries and Verburg, a firm of Stolwijk, constructed the building.[45]

The World Trade Center Schiphol Airport houses the head office of SkyTeam,[46][47] the Netherlands office of China Southern Airlines,[48] and the Netherlands offices of Iran Air.[49] The head office of Schiphol Group, the airport's operator, is located on the airport property.[50] The Convair Building, with its development beginning after a parcel was earmarked for its development in 1999, houses KLM offices,[51] including KLM Recruitment Services and the head office of KLM Cityhopper.[52][53] The original control tower of Schiphol Airport, which the airport authorities had moved slightly from its original location, now houses a restaurant.[51] The area Schiphol-Rijk includes the head offices of TUI Airlines Netherlands and Amsterdam Airlines.[54][55]

At one time KLM had its head office on the grounds of Schiphol Airport.[56] Its current head office in Amstelveen had a scheduled completion at the end of 1970.[57] Previously Martinair had its head office in the Schiphol Center (Dutch: Schiphol Centrum) at Schiphol Airport.[58][59] Formerly, the head office of Transavia was in the Building Triport III at Schiphol Airport.[60][61][62] NLM Cityhopper and later KLM Cityhopper previously had their head offices in Schiphol Airport building 70.[63][63]

Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Europe regional headquarters at Schiphol.[64] The National Aerospace Museum Aviodome–Schiphol was previously located at Schiphol.[65] In 2003 the museum moved to Lelystad Airport and was renamed the "Aviodrome."[66]

Ground transport

Rail

The construction of the tunnel and railway station in 1992

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Main article: Schiphol railway station

The Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), the national Dutch train operator, has a major passenger railway station directly underneath the passenger terminal complex that offers transportation into Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Hague, Rotterdam and many other cities.[67] There are intercity connections to Amsterdam Centraal, Utrecht Centraal, both The Hague Centraal and The Hague HS, Rotterdam Centraal, Eindhoven, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leeuwarden, Groningen, Enschede, Arnhem, Nijmegen and Heerlen. Schiphol is also a stop for the Thalys international high-speed train, connecting the airport directly to Antwerp, Brussels, Lille and Paris, as well as to Bourg St Maurice (winter) and Marseille (summer).

Bus

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is also easily accessible by bus, as many services call or terminate at the bus station located outside in front of the terminal building.[68]

Destination Service(s) Notes
Aalsmeer 198
Alphen aan den Rijn 370
Amstelveen 186, 199, 300, night bus N30
Amsterdam, Leidseplein/Innercity 197, night bus N97 Airport Express Bus Leidseplein is the closest destination to Amsterdam's city centre that is served by bus from Schiphol.
Amsterdam, Osdorp 69, 192
Amsterdam, Slotervaart 69, 195
Amsterdam, Amsterdam–Zuid and Buitenveldert 310
Haarlem 300, night bus N30
Hoofddorp 300, 310, night bus N30
Keukenhof Gardens 858 (seasonal)
Lisse 361
Leimuiden 370
Ouderkerk aan de Amstel 300, night bus N30
Noordwijk 361 through Sassenheim
Vijfhuizen 300, night bus N30

Car

Schiphol Airport can easily be reached by car via the A4 and A9 motorways.

Accidents and incidents

The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992
The crash site of Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 on 25 February 2009
  • On 14 November 1946, a Douglas C-47 operated by KLM from London approached Schiphol during bad weather conditions. The first two attempts to land failed. During the third attempt, the pilot realized that the airplane was not lined up properly with the runway. The aircraft made a sharp left turn at low speed, causing the left wing to hit the ground. The airplane crashed and caught fire, killing all 26 people on board.
  • On 4 October 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747 cargo airplane heading to Tel Aviv suffered physical engine separation of both right-wing engines (#3 and #4) just after taking off from Schiphol and crashed into an apartment building in the Bijlmer neighbourhood of Amsterdam while attempting to return to the airport. A total of 43 people were killed, including the plane's crew of three and a "non-revenue passenger". Several others were injured.
  • On 4 April 1994, Flight KL433 to Cardiff, a Saab 340 operated by KLM Cityhopper, returned to Schiphol after setting the number two engine to flight idle because the crew mistakenly believed that the engine suffered from low oil pressure because of a faulty warning light. On final approach at a height of 90 ft (27 m), the captain decided to go-around and gave full throttle on only the number one engine leaving the other in flight idle. The airplane rolled to the right, pitched up, stalled and hit the ground at 80 degrees bank. Of the twenty-four people on board, three were killed including the captain. Nine others were seriously injured.
  • On 25 February 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, a Boeing 737-800 from Istanbul crashed on approach, just 1 km (0.6 mi) short of the airport's Polderbaan runway. The plane carried 128 passengers and 7 crew on board. 9 people were killed and a further 86 were injured, including six with serious injuries. Four of the dead were employees of Boeing, involved in an advanced radar deal with Turkey. An initial report from the Dutch Safety Board revealed that the left radio altimeter had failed to provide the correct height above the ground and suddenly reported −8 ft (−2.4 m). As a result of this the autothrottle system closed the thrust levers to idle, as it is programmed to reduce thrust when below 27 ft (8.2 m) radio altitude. This eventually resulted in a dropping airspeed which was not acted upon until it was too late to recover, and the aircraft stalled and crashed in a field.


Canon of Amsterdam

See also

References

Citations
  1. ↑ http://news.delta.com/corporate-stats-and-facts
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 EHAM – Amsterdam / Schiphol. AIP from AIS the Netherlands, effective 31 October 2024
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ "Amsterdam joins Emirates' A380 network". Emirates Netherlands. (15 February 2012).
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire historie – Vliegvelden in Oorlogstijd (2009)
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Schiphol Junior Geschiedenis Schiphol, article retrieved 21 July 2014.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Schiphol.nl – New General Aviation Terminal at Schiphol-East opened for use, article retrieved 8 June 2014.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Tourist Information on buildings and water management Archived 26 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Webpage on the accident El-Al 1852 Archived 7 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ http://airlineroute.net/2015/12/16/af-rnsams-s16/
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ "Jet Airways Adds Amsterdam Operation from late-March 2016". Airline Route. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  38. ↑ http://airlineroute.net/2015/12/11/kl-zag-s16/
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ http://airlineroute.net/2015/12/09/kl-cgn-jan16/
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ http://airlineroute.net/2015/10/06/hv-ams-s16update1/
  43. ↑ http://www.exyuaviation.com/p/transavia-to-launch-new-dubrovnik.html
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ "Contact." Iran Air Netherlands. Retrieved on 29 January 2011. "Iran Air sales office at WTC Schiphol building" and "World Trade Center Tower A – Level 3, Schiphol Blvd.191 1118 BG Schiphol The Netherlands Sita: AMSSNIR "
  50. ↑ "Contact." Schiphol Group. Retrieved on 8 November 2010.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 "Annual Report 1999." (Archive) Schiphol Group. 35 (36/87). Retrieved on 20 February 2011.
  52. ↑ "Country: NL – NETHERLANDS." Joint Aviation Authorities Training Organisation. Retrieved on 20 February 2011. "KLM CITYHOPPER BV AOC Num: NL- 2/64 Expiry Date: 01-01-08 Convair Gebouw, Stationsplein 102 1117 BV Schiphol Oost Netherlands."
  53. ↑ "Contact." (Dutch) KLM. Retrieved on 20 February 2011. "KLM Recruitment Services (SPL/GO) Stationsplein 102 (Convair Building) 1117 BV Schiphol-Oost"
  54. ↑ "Arkefly." TUI Nederland. Retrieved on 28 September 2009. "ArkeFly Beech Avenue 43 1119 RA Schiphol-Rijk Postbus 75607 1118 ZR Schiphol-Triport "
  55. ↑ "Contact Us." Amsterdam Airlines. Retrieved on 20 February 2011. "Office Address: Het Poortgebouw Beech Avenue 54–80 1119 PW Schiphol-Rijk The Netherlands."
  56. ↑ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 10 April 1969. 578. "Head Office: Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam, Netherlands."
  57. ↑ "KLM's New Head Office." Flight International. 6 June 1968. 855. Retrieved on 25 October 2010.
  58. ↑ "History." Martinair. Retrieved on 16 February 2011. Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  59. ↑ "Geschiedenis." Martinair. Retrieved on 16 February 2011. Archived 27 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  60. ↑ "STCC TRANSAVIA." TUI Airlines Netherlands. Retrieved on 16 February 2011. "transavia.com Westelijke Randweg 3, building Triport III 1118 CR Schiphol Airport"
  61. ↑ "General Conditions of Passage." Transavia.com. 28/28 Retrieved on 16 February 2011. "Address for visitors: transavia.com Westelijke Randweg 3, building Triport III 1118 CR Schiphol Airport"
  62. ↑ "Annual Report 2004/2005." Transavia.com. 28/28. Retrieved on 16 February 2011. "transavia.com Westelijke Randweg 3 P.O. Box 7777 1118 ZM Schiphol Centrum The Netherlands"
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 27 March – 2 April 1991. 98. "Head Office: Building 70, PO Box 7700, 1117 ZL Schiphol Airport (East), The Netherlands."
  64. ↑ "Europe." Nippon Cargo Airlines. Retrieved on 17 February 2012. "Vrachtstation 5, Pelikaanweg 47,1118DT,Luchthaven Schiphol, The Netherlands"
  65. ↑ "Engels." National Aerospace Museum Aviodome–Schiphol. 6 August 2002. Retrieved on 26 December 2011. "Westelijke Randweg 201, 1118 CT Luchthaven Schiphol"
  66. ↑ "Engels." Aviodrome. 21 June 2003. Retrieved on 26 December 2011.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Bibliography
  • Heuvel, Coen van den. Schiphol, een Wereldluchthaven in Beeld, Holkema & Warendorf, 1992, 978-9-0269-6271-4

External links

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