Schizophyllan
Schizophyllan (Sonifilan, SPG) is a neutral extracellular polysaccharide produced by the fungus Schizophyllum commune. Schizophyllan is a β-1,3 beta-glucan with β-1,6 branching. Schizophyllan is also known as sizofiran.
Schizophyllan has a molecular weight of 450,000 Da, and a specific rotation in water of +18-24°. A chemically analogous polysaccharide, scleroglucan, is formed by the fungus Athelia rolfsii. Both polysaccharides share the chemical structure of the backbone with curdlan. It is known for several things, including its ability to stimulate the immune system, carry metals in water, aid in delivering drugs, and use in some nanofibers.[1]
Safety
Schizophyllan, classified as a beta-glucan extracted from the by the fungus Schizophyllum commune, showed no quantifiable adverse reactions through independent scientific procedures. However, it is not generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under sections 201(s) and 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Schizophyllan and other β-glucans have been orally administered safely in a variety of vertebrate species showing immunomodulation: mice,[2][3][4][5] canines,[6] horses,[7] and humans.[8]
Processing & Efficacy
The ability for schizophyllan to produce a physiological response is directly correlated with the extraction process and subsequent processing the compound endures. This theory also coincides with that of other beta-glucans.
High dosage amounts of schizophyllan are not the primary determinant of an immunological response. Studies have validated that 10 mg (or less) of a high quality, adequately processed chemically similar beta-glucan is a sufficient dose to elicit a measurable effect on immune cells. In addition, small particle beta-glucans modified to prevent re-aggregation during digestion have the most positive effects on immune potentiation.[9]
References
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