Sergeant Stubby

Sergeant Stubby
File:Sergeant Stubby.jpg Sergeant Stubby
Born	1916 or 1917
Died	March 16, 1926 (aged 9–10)
Place of display	Smithsonian - "The Price of Freedom" exhibition
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army
Rank	Sergeant
Unit	103rd Infantry Regiment 26th (Yankee) Division
Battles/wars	World War I
Awards	Humane Education Society Gold Medal Wound stripe
Other work	Hoyas' mascot

Sergeant Stubby (July 21, 1916 – March 16, 1926), has been called the most decorated war dog of World War I and the only dog to be nominated for rank and then promoted to sergeant through combat, a claim for which there is no official documentary evidence, but is recognized in connection with an exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution. He was the official mascot of the (United States) 103rd Infantry, assigned to the 26th (Yankee) Division. Stubby served for 18 months and participated in seventeen battles on the Western Front. He saved his regiment from surprise mustard gas attacks, found and comforted the wounded, and once caught a German soldier by the seat of his pants, holding him there until American soldiers found him. Back home his exploits were front page news of every major newspaper.

Early life

Stubby was described in contemporaneous news items as a Bull Terrier or Boston Terrier. Describing him as a dog of "uncertain breed", Ann Bausum wrote that "The brindle-patterned pup probably owed at least some of his parentage to the evolving family of Boston Terriers, a breed so new that even its name was in flux: Boston Round Heads, American Bull Terriers, and Boston Bull Terriers." Stubby was found wandering the grounds of Yale University campus in New Haven, Connecticut in July 1917 while members of the 103rd Infantry were training. The dog hung around as the men drilled and one soldier, Corporal Robert Conroy, developed a fondness for the dog. When it came time for the outfit to ship out, Conroy hid Stubby on board the troop ship. As they were getting off the ship in France, he hid Stubby under his overcoat without detection. Upon discovery by Conroy's commanding officer, Stubby saluted him as he had been trained to in camp, and the commanding officer allowed the dog to stay on board.

Military service

File:Sergeant Stubby 2.jpg

Sergeant Stubby wearing his coat and medals

Stubby served with the 103rd Infantry Regiment in the trenches in France for 18 months and participated in four offensives and 17 battles. He entered combat on February 5, 1918 at Chemin des Dames, north of Soissons, and was under constant fire, day and night for over a month. In April 1918, during a raid to take Schieprey, Stubby was wounded in the foreleg by the retreating Germans throwing hand grenades. He was sent to the rear for convalescence, and as he had done on the front was able to improve morale. When he recovered from his wounds, Stubby returned to the trenches. He ultimately had two wound stripes.

In his first year of battle Stubby was injured by mustard gas, after he recovered, he returned with a specially designed gas mask to protect him. Also, he learned to warn his unit of poison gas attacks, located wounded soldiers in no man's land, and — since he could hear the whine of incoming artillery shells before humans could — became very adept at letting his unit know when to duck for cover. He was solely responsible for capturing a German spy in the Argonne. Due to his capture of the enemy spy, the commander of the 102 Infantry nominated Stubby for the rank of sergeant. However, whether Stubby was actually promoted or even an official member of the Army has been disputed. Following the retaking of Château-Thierry by the US, the women of the town made Stubby a chamois coat on which were pinned his many medals. He also helped free a French town from the Germans. He was later injured in the chest and leg by a grenade. At the end of the war, Robert Conroy smuggled Stubby home.

After the war

After returning home, Stubby became a celebrity and marched in, and normally led many parades across the country. He met Presidents Woodrow Wilson, Calvin Coolidge, and Warren G. Harding. In 1921 General John J. Pershing presented a gold medal from the Humane Education Society to Stubby, which was the subject of a famous photograph. Starting in 1921, he attended Georgetown University Law Center with Conroy, and became the Georgetown Hoyas' team mascot. He would be given the football at halftime and would nudge the ball around the field to the amusement of the fans.

Stubby died in his sleep in 1926. After his death, he was preserved with his skin mounted on a plaster cast. Conroy presented Stubby to the Smithsonian in 1956.

Legacy

File:Sgt Stubby's brick at Liberty Memorial.jpg

Sergeant Stubby's brick at the Liberty Memorial

Stubby received an obituary in the New York Times following his death in 1926. The obituary was half a page, which was much longer than the obituaries of many notable people of the time period.

Stubby was the subject of a portrait by "Capitol artist" Charles Ayer Whipple. Stubby was featured in the Brave Beasts exhibit at the Legermuseum in Delft, The Netherlands July 18, 2008 - April 13, 2009. During a ceremony held on Armistice Day in 2006, a brick was placed in the Walk of Honor at the Liberty Memorial in Kansas City to commemorate Sergeant Stubby. Stubby was the subject of at least four books. In 2014, BBC Schools World War One series used Stubby as a Famous Figure to help teach children about the war, along with creating an animated comic strip to illustrate his life.

Stubby has his portrait on display at the West Haven Military Museum in Connecticut.

See also

• Cher Ami – Carrier pigeon who is displayed with Stubby in the Smithsonian Institution's Americans at War: The Price of Freedom exhibit.
• Chips, most decorated dog from World War II
• Dogs in warfare
• List of individual dogs
• Military animal
• Owney famous postal mascot dog and world traveler, also on display at the Smithsonian Institution
• Rags (dog)
• Smoky World War II Yorkshire terrier war dog, credited with 12 combat missions and awarded 8 battle stars.

References

Further reading

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External links

• Sergeant Stubby Memorial at Find a Grave
• Obituary from the New York Times (archived at the Connecticut Military Department)
• U.S. Army launches K-9 Corps