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Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia

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Sheet Harbour
Rural Community
West River Falls, where the West River empties in to the Northwest Arm.
West River Falls, where the West River empties in to the Northwest Arm.
Sheet Harbour is located in Nova Scotia
Sheet Harbour
Sheet Harbour
Location within Nova Scotia
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country  Canada
Province  Nova Scotia
Municipality Halifax Regional Municipality
District 1
Founded 1784
Government
 • Type Regional Council
 • Governing Council Halifax Regional Council
 • Community Council Marine Drive Valley and Canal
Area
 • Total 188.38 km2 (72.73 sq mi)
Highest elevation 114 m (374 ft)
Lowest elevation 0 m (0 ft)
Population
 • Total 800
 • Density 4.24/km2 (10.99/sq mi)
Time zone AST (UTC-4)
 • Summer (DST) ADT (UTC-3)
Canadian Postal code B0J 3B0
Telephone Exchanges 902 885
GNBC Code CBIKA
Highways Trunk 7
Route 224
Route 374
Website sheetharbour.ca
Part of a series about Places in Nova Scotia
Sheet Harbour Welcome Sign

Sheet Harbour is a rural community on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is part of the Halifax Regional Municipality and lies along the Marine Drive on Trunk 7 approximately 117 kilometres (73 mi) northeast of Halifax. Sheet Harbour is the commercial, employment and educational hub for around 5,500 people. The community is located along the shores of Sheet Harbour, which has two arms: the Northwest Arm and the Northeast Arm. Two rivers flow into the harbour: West River into the Northwest Arm, and East River into the Northeast Arm. Little West River, a minor river, also flows into the Northwest Arm. The Grand Lake, a large lake west of Sheet Harbour, empties into the Atlantic Ocean, via the Little West River. Adjacent to the community is the Sheet Harbour Industrial Port, an important regional deep-water port. The majority of the land was granted in 1773 and the colony was established in 1784. The first sulphide pulp mill in the Dominion of Canada was constructed along the East River in 1885; however, it was closed in 1891 due to high sulphide importing prices. Another pulp mill was constructed beside the West River Falls in 1925, but was destroyed by Hurricane Beth in August 1971.

A new bridge was built across the Northeast Arm. It was named the East River Bridge, after its predecessor. Construction started in September 2014 and it was opened on 17 December 2015, with a bridge walk to commemorate the event. Route 224 and Route 374 both have junctions in Sheet Harbour. Sheet Harbour has a hospital, named Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital (ESMH), which is connected to Harbourview Lodge. The community is located about 10 minutes northeast of Taylor Head Provincial Park. Sheet Harbour has two schools: Sheet Harbour Consolidated School (SHCS) and Duncan MacMillan High School (DMHS). There is a plan currently proposed by the Halifax Regional School Board to replace the four schools in the Sheet Harbour area, one of which is defunct, with one P-12 school Tom McInnis, a former Conservative Party politician and member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1978-1993, resides in Sheet Harbour.[1]

Location

Sheet Harbour is a small rural community located on the Eastern Shore of Nova Scotia, in the eastern area of the Halifax Regional Municipality.[2] It is the major community in the area as it is the commercial, employment and educational hub for about 5,500 people.[3] Sheet Harbour is located slightly more northward compared to other coastal communities in the area, due to the shape of the harbour. The population of Census Tract 2050154.00, which includes Sheet Harbour and a large amount of land around Sheet Harbour's land borders, is 3,478 as of the 2011 Canadian Census.[4] Census tracts are small subdivisions of land that are used by Statistics Canada that usually have a population of 2,500 to 8,000. Each census tract has a numerical designation.[5] The population of the community of Sheet Harbour is about 800.[6] Immediately west of Sheet Harbour is Sheet Harbour 36, a small Mi'kmaq reserve.[7]

Topography

The community of Sheet Harbour is located along the shores of Sheet Harbour, a saltwater harbour, which has two arms: The Northwest Arm and the Northeast Arm.[8][9][10]

The western and the wider arm is referred to as the Northwest Arm, while the eastern arm is known as the Northeast Arm. The two arms connect just below Church Point, southeast of where West River meets the Northwest Arm. The harbour continues southeast-ward, then southward toward the Atlantic Ocean. The Northwest Arm extends northwest until it meets the mouth of West River at the West River Falls.[9] The Northeast Arm extends north, then curves northeast under the East River Bridge, until it meets the mouth of the East River.[8][10] There is a very small island in the arm, named Hen Island.[11]

The harbour from Church Point, where the two arms meet,[12] to the Atlantic Ocean is referred to as Sheet Harbour. It is wider than either arm. It is approximately 11-15 metres (36-49 ft) deep at low tide.[13] It gradually widens as it flows southward the Atlantic Ocean. After Church Point, it flows southeast-ward past the Sheet Harbour Industrial Port and west of the small community of Watt Section. It then curves and flows southwest-ward to southward toward the Atlantic.[8][14]

The area around Sheet Harbour is heavily forested and rich in lakes.[15] The coastline is also very rocky and eroded by the Atlantic Ocean, as is typical with most of the Eastern Shore.[16] Sheet Harbour has average tides of about 1.2 to 1.5 m (4 to 5 ft).[17]

Rivers

Two major rivers, one minor river and several small streams empty into the harbour. West River flows into the Northwest Arm, and East River empties into the Northeast Arm.[18][19][20]

Northwest Arm

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Main article: West River Sheet Harbour

West River, formally West River Sheet Harbour, begins near the Musquodoboit Valley. The main branch of the river, named West River Main, is 30 kilometres (19 mi) long.[21] The river has two secondary branches, the Killag River, which is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long, and Little River, which is 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) long.[21] Several smaller streams flow into the river as it progresses southeast-ward toward Sheet Harbour. Lake Alma flows into West River via Little River.[21] A while downstream, the river flows into Sheet Harbour Lake. Sheet Harbour Lake ends just before the West River Bridge, where Trunk 7 passes over the West River, just before the West River Falls. The falls carry water from 22 metres (72 ft) elevation down to sea level. The river then empties into the Northwest Arm.[19] The river area has been deforested and is prone to flash-flooding.[21]

Sheet Harbour was the first community in North America to use a lime doser,[6][22] which sprays limestone in to the water, to lower acid rain levels, starting in September 2005 in the West River. It was successful in stabilizing the pH of the river at 5.5, a healthy level for salmon and other aquatic life.[21]

The Grand Lake, a large lake west of Sheet Harbour, also empties into the Northwest Arm via West Lake and Little West River in West Sheet Harbour.[18] The river empties into West Cove, then into the Northwest Arm.[23]

Northeast Arm

East River, formally East River Sheet Harbour, is the other main river that discharges into Sheet Harbour. It flows through the Marshall Flowage, a large flowage,[24] then past the Ruth Falls Power Plant, a hydropower generating station. It narrows back into a river for a short while, then flows into the head of the Northeast Arm.[20][25]

History

Almost all of the present land area of Sheet Harbour was granted in 1773,[26] and the settlement was established around 1784,[26] by Loyalist refugees and British veterans of the American Revolution and became a prosperous centre for the lumber industry. The Mi'kmaq name for the settlement was Weijooik, which translates to "flowing wildly". Sheet Harbour was named "Port North" on the Royal Navy Chart that was published in 1778. The settlement was called Port North until 1807. Alternate names for the settlement were Campbelltown and Manchester.[26] Campbelltown would have been named after Lord William Campbell, who was a Captain General as well as a Governor-in-Chief in 1776–1773.[26] It was decided that "Port North" was not descriptive enough, so the name was changed to Sheet Harbour, starting in 1818 because of a white, flat rock that looks like a sheet, named Sheet Rock;[26] the rock is located at the entrance of the harbour.[27] Sheet Harbour was known as Cambell Town for about two decades, after which this name fell into disuse and became known by its present name.[28]

Around 1863, a sawmill was built at the tide head of the East River Sheet Harbour, by Demming and McFarlane, a lumber company. However, they did not succeed financially, and they dissolved a few years later.[29]

In October 1885, the Halifax Wood Fibre Company built the first sulphide pulp mill in Canada, which at the time was the Dominion of Canada, at East River, Sheet Harbour.[8] Since the discovery of the sulphite process happened earlier in 1866, the news had traveled to William Chisholm, who was a lumber manufacturer in Halifax. He decided to try the sulphite method out for himself at the head of the East River. He had 60,000 acres (24,281 hectares, or 242 km2) of woodland on the Sheet Harbour rivers.[30] The mill closed in January 1891, due to the high costs of importing sulphide from the United States.[31] The cookhouse which was used at the mill was bought by the residents of Watt Section and was floated down the harbour to the community.[32]

In 1922, a ground-wood pulp mill, owned by the American Pulp and Wrapping Paper Co. of Albany, began operation on the West River at the head of the Northwest Arm of Sheet Harbour. They had purchased it from Rhodes and Currie, the previous owners who were a lumber company. It produced its first ground-wood pulp on October 5, 1925.[33][34] It remained in operation until it was destroyed by Hurricane Beth in August 1971.[35][36]

A steel arch bridge was built in the 1950s over the Northeast Arm. It was named the East River Bridge. It was replaced by a new bridge in December 2015.[37]

Industry

File:Sheet Harbour 033.JPG
MacPhee House Sheet Harbour

The economy of Sheet Harbour is primarily based on fishery and forestry, as well as tourism, to a lesser extent.[38]

Sheet Harbour has a Chamber of Commerce. The SHCOC was formed more than 75 years ago, in 1935, and were formerly known as the Sheet Harbour Board of Trade.[39][40] They comprise 25 of the businesses in Sheet Harbour and they also operate a Visitor Information Centre at the MacPhee House, situated on the site of the ground-wood pulp mill just east of the West River Bridge, where Trunk 7 crosses the West River at the entrance to Sheet Harbour. There is a community museum at the MacPhee House and they have a collection interpreting "Life before plastic".[41]

In the 1990s, the Government of Nova Scotia built a common user deep water dock and industrial park just west of Sheet Harbour, named the Sheet Harbour Industrial Port. It was purchased by and is currently operated by the Halifax Port Authority. It currently ships wood chips for the pulp industry and imports wind turbine segments, which are then transported across Nova Scotia and to the rest of North America. The port was used to service the Sable Offshore Energy Project with natural gas pipes processed at coating plant therefore making them suitable for placement on the ocean floor. The port is the closest marine terminal to the fields, at a distance of 240 kilometres (150 mi).[13] It is also approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of the Great Circle Route, a major shipping lane between North America and Europe.[13] The docking area is 152 metres (499 ft) long and 36.5 metres (120 ft) wide. It also has 10.3 metres (34 ft) of draft, which is connected to a concrete pad.[42]

Transportation

The community is situated at the junction of Route 374 and Route 224 with Trunk 7. The community has sidewalks that run from West River Bridge to East River Bridge, through the main part of Sheet Harbour. They were opened in 2010,[43] and cost $2,895,040.[44]

2014–15 East River Bridge replacement

File:NewBridge1.jpg
The new East River Bridge shortly after opening. The old bridge is visible in the background, as the green arch.
File:Sheet Harbour 019.JPG
The old East River Bridge, built in 1956.

A new bridge was built across the Northeast Arm from September 2014 to December 2015, to replace the East River Bridge.[37]

The bridge was built because the previous bridge, built in 1956, was nearing the end of its life span. The Nova Scotia Government had proposed minor repairs, but it was decided by the N.S. Government that an entirely new bridge would be more cost-effective.[37] The new bridge was designed, unlike its predecessor, without large, overhead steel arches, because it would have been twice as costly to build.[45] The new bridge was constructed on the same site as the old bridge's predecessor which was constructed just south of the East River Bridge in 1907.[45]

The bridge cost $19,000,000 to build and construction began in September 2014.[37] The contractor, Dexter Construction, poured 2,260 cubic metres (79,811 cubic feet) of concrete over 650,000 kg (1,430,000 lb) of rebar. The new bridge relies on two pillars set in the granite below the Northeast Arm. When it was near completion in December 2015, a deck, along with railings and sidewalks, were laid.[45]

Construction was completed and the bridge was opened on 17 December 2015 to pedestrians and opened the next day to traffic.[46]

There were also a few road modifications on the Sheet Harbour side of the bridge as a result of the new bridge. Trunk 7 was aligned with what was Riverside Drive, which is now nonexistent. Church Point Road and Pool Road were slightly modified. The access road to Sheet Harbour Consolidated School and Duncan MacMillan High School was slightly modified. A minor loop, Sprott Lane, was extended along a part of the old Trunk 7 for a few households.[37]

Shortly after the new bridge was opened, the old East River Bridge was closed and is currently being demolished. Demolition is expected to be complete in 2016.[37]

Amenities

File:SheetHarbourNS PO 2013.jpg
Sheet Harbour Post Office
File:Seasidefestivalparade.JPG
The beginning of the Seaside Festival parade: August 9, 2008

Sheet Harbour has a Home Hardware store[47] an NSLC liquor store[48] a post office, run by Canada Post,[49] a public library, which is owned and operated by Halifax Public Libraries,[50] a convenience store, a small park,[34] a takeout, a police station, which is run by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,[3] a fire station,[51] and three churches. Sheet Harbour also has a Ground Search and Rescue.[52] Sheet Harbour also hosts one apartment building, two gas stations, operated by Irving Oil and Wilson Fuel, who run the Wilsons Gas Stops chain of gas stations, respectively,[53] a Foodland grocery store[54] and two banks, operated by Scotiabank[55] and Credit Union[56] respectively. The Sheet Harbour Industrial Port is located five minutes west of Sheet Harbour. It is run by the Halifax Port Authority.[42] Sheet Harbour has two motels: Fairwinds Motel and Restaurant[57] and the Sheet Harbour Motel.[58] There is a campground located along the East River, named East River Lodge Campground and Trailer Park.[59]

Eastern Shore Cartage serves Sheet Harbour and its surroundings.[60] Watts Wind Energy, Inc. built a wind turbine in Watt Section, a small community immediately east of Sheet Harbour, in 2010. It was the outcome of favourable wind data that was obtained by a meteorological tower near what would be the site of the wind turbine. It was constructed and was producing power by October 2011. It produces about 1.5 MW of power and powers approximately 375 households. It stands 85 metres (279 ft) tall.[61]

Every August, the "Seaside Festival" is hosted by the local Lions Club.[62]

The 2610 Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps is based in Sheet Harbour. The corps was originally formed on 1 October 1957, but was disbanded on 31 December 1973. Twelve years later, they were reformed on 1 February 1985 and are still active today. They have earned fame by winning the Strathcona cup five times. The Strathcona cup is a cup given to the best performing cadet corps in Nova Scotia.[63]

Eastern Shore Memorial Hospital is a hospital located in Sheet Harbour. Construction began in 1947, and was opened on May 24, 1949.[64] It is owned and operated by the Capital District Health Authority, which amalgamated in to the Nova Scotia Health Authority in 2015.[65] It has 16 beds for patients. There is a war monument and gardens in front of the site where Duncan MacMillan Nursing Home (DMNH) once stood. The hospital offers quite a few services. It is connected to Harbourview Lodge, a nursing home, by a corridor. Harbourview Lodge was built in 2011 to replace DMNH, which was nearing the end of its life span.[66]

Just ten minutes west of Sheet Harbour on Trunk 7 in Spry Bay is Taylor Head Provincial Park. It has two beaches. The entire park is located on a peninsula which juts out into the Atlantic Ocean. Hunting and firearms are forbidden in the park. The park contains over 22 km (14 mi) of hiking trails, and over a kilometre (0.62 mi.) of beach. The park is open from May–October each year.[16] Near, but outside of the park, is the Spry Bay Campground. It is also located in Spry Bay.[67] Also in Spry Bay is a Dept. of Transportation and Public Works, owned and operated by the Nova Scotia Government.[68]

Education

There are two schools in Sheet Harbour: Sheet Harbour Consolidated School (SHCS) and Duncan MacMillan High School (DMHS).[69][70]

File:Sheet Harbour 013.JPG
Sheet Harbour Consolidated School (SHCS)
File:Duncan MacMillan High School.jpg
Duncan MacMillan High School (DMHS)

SHCS is a feeder school of DMHS. When children graduate from SHCS, they move on to DMHS. In 2014, there were 98 students enrolled in the school. The school offers Canadian French. SHCS teaches grades primary through six. The school was built in 1957.[69]

DMHS is the only high school in the Sheet Harbour area. Consequently, it has three feeder schools: SHCS and Lakefront Consolidated School (LCS), which is located in Tangier,[71] and Eastern Consolidated School (ECS), which is located in Moser River. But, as of 2016, ECS is closed, due to zero student enrollment.[72] The school offers Integrated French for all grades. DMHS teaches grades seven through 12. There were 185 students enrolled in the school in 2014. The school was built in 1963.[70]

Since early 2013, a plan has been in the works for the Halifax Regional School Board to close and possibly demolish all three of the DMHS feeder schools and replace them with a larger, more modern grade primary-12 school somewhere in Sheet Harbour. This new school would teach about 350 students and would serve a large area around Sheet Harbour.[73] On 26 April 2016, the site for the project was chosen.[74]

 Marinette, Nova Scotia
Upper Musquodoboit, Nova Scotia
Musquodoboit Valley
Via Route 224
West River Sheet Harbour		 Malay Falls, Nova Scotia
New Glasgow, Nova Scotia
Via Route 374
East River Sheet Harbour
Watt Section, Nova Scotia
Sherbrooke, Nova Scotia
Via Trunk 7/Marine Drive
  Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia  
Mushaboom, Nova Scotia
Tangier, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Via Trunk 7/Marine Drive		 Sober Island, Nova Scotia
Atlantic Ocean

Notable residents

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Coady 1988, p. 14-15.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Found in Sheet Harbour: A Local History by James E. Rutledge written in 1954, page 9–10. Howard Coady; Sheet Harbour History, Lancelot Press Ltd. 1988 Hantsport N.S.
  29. ↑ Coady 1988, p. 8.
  30. ↑ Coady 1988, p. 16-17.
  31. ↑ Coady 1988, p. 22.
  32. ↑ Coady 1988, p. 23.
  33. ↑ Coady 1988, p. 54-55.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Coady 1988, p. 64.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Coady 1988, p. 104.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. ↑ Coady 1988, p. 111-12.
  65. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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