Socrates Chrestus

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Socrates Chrestus (Greek: Σωκράτης ό Χρηστός; Chrestus means "the Good";[1] died 90–88 BC) was a Greek prince and King of Bithynia.

Life

Socrates was the second son born to the Monarchs Nysa and Nicomedes III of Bithynia.[2] He had a sister called Nysa and his eldest brother was his father’s heir Nicomedes IV of Bithynia.[3] He was born and raised in Bithynia and his mother's maternal uncle was King Mithridates VI of Pontus.

Socrates was a popular prince with the citizens of Bithynia.[4] He received the surname Chrestus because he was peaceful and lamented in his personality.[5]

The father of Socrates, Nicomedes III, died in c. 94 BC and his brother became King, as Nicomedes IV . The first few years of his rule of Nicomedes IV were relatively peaceful. Socrates unfortunately fell under the evil influence of Mithridates VI, who persuaded him to assert his claim to the throne.[6] Mithridates VI sent an assassin named Alexander to murder Nicomedes IV, but his plot failed.[7]

Mithridates VI formed an alliance with Socrates. As a part of the alliance, Mithridates VI betrothed[8] or married Socrates to his daughter Orsabaris,[9] thus maintaining indirect control of the Kingdom of Bithynia.[10]

Then Mithridates VI gave Socrates command of a Pontic army and he invaded Bithynia with the support of Mithridates and his army. As Socrates marched across the countryside of Bithynia, he eventually approached the capital, Nicomedia, where Nicomedes IV barricaded himself inside his castle.[11]

Socrates with the Pontian army defeated the army of Nicomedes IV, who was forced to flee to Italy. Socrates became King of Bithynia and probably assumed the name Memnon Nicomedes, by which he is also known.[12] Nicomedes IV with the support of the Roman Senate declared war against Socrates, eventually winning a military victory and thanks to Rome’s influence in the region being restored to the Bithynian throne as King in 90 BC.[13][14]

Socrates became a political exile and fled to the court of Mithridates,[15] who was not, however, prepared to brave the power of Rome and not only declined to support Socrates, but put to him to death.[16]

Ancestry

Family of Socrates Chrestus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Prusias I Cholus, King of Bithynia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Prusias II Cynegus, King of Bithynia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Apama III
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. Nicomedes II, King of Bithynia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Apama IV
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Nicomedes III Euergetes, King of Bithynia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Socrates Chrestus, King of Bithynia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Ariarathes IV Eusebes, King of Cappadocia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator, King of Cappadocia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Antiochis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator, King of Cappadocia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Pharmaces I, King of Pontus (=28)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Nysa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Nysa (=29)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Nysa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. Pharmaces I, King of Pontus (=26)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Mithridates V Euergetes, King of Pontus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Nysa (=27)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Laodice
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Basileus of the Seleucid Empire
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Laodice VI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Laodice IV
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ Mayor, The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy p.XVII
  2. ↑ http://www.ancienthistory.com/smith-bio/3180.html
  3. ↑ http://www.ancienthistory.com/smith-bio/3180.html
  4. ↑ Mayor, The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy p.139
  5. ↑ Mayor, The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy p.143
  6. ↑ http://www.ancienthistory.com/smith-bio/3180.html
  7. ↑ Mayor, The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy p.139
  8. ↑ Mayor, The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy p.139
  9. ↑ http://ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2396.html
  10. ↑ Mayor, The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy p.139
  11. ↑ Mayor, The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy p.139
  12. ↑ http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3180.html
  13. ↑ http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3180.html
  14. ↑ http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2305.html
  15. ↑ http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3180.html
  16. ↑ http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3180.html

Sources

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