1949 Superga Fiat G.212 crash

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Superga air disaster
Fiat G.212 I-ELCE tragedia Superga.jpg
The three-engined Fiat G.212, of the Avio Linee Italiane airline after the crash into the embankment back of the Basilica of Superga.
Accident summary
Date 4 May 1949
Summary Controlled flight into terrain due to low visibility
Site near Turin, Italy
Passengers 27
Crew 4
Fatalities 31 (all)
Aircraft type Fiat G.212 CP
Operator Avio Linee Italiane
Registration I-ELCE
Flight origin Lisbon, Portugal
Destination Turin, Italy

The 1949 Superga Fiat G.212 crash occurred on 4 May 1949 when a Fiat G.212 of Avio Linee Italiane (Italian Airlines), carrying the entire Torino football team (popularly known as the Grande Torino) crashed into the retaining wall at the back of the Basilica of Superga, which stands on the hill of Turin. There were 31 victims.

Background

The Avio Linee Italiane Fiat G.212CP was carrying the team home from Lisbon, where they played a friendly match with S.L. Benfica in honour of the Portuguese captain, Francisco Ferreira. In the incident, the whole Torino team (almost all part of the Italy national football team) lost their lives. Club officials and carriers also perished in the accident, as well as the crew and three well-known Italian sports journalists: Renato Casalbore (founder of Tuttosport); Renato Tosatti (the Gazzetta del Popolo, father of Giorgio Tosatti) and Luigi Cavallero (La Stampa). The task of identifying the bodies was entrusted to the former manager of the Italy national team, Vittorio Pozzo, who had called up most of Torino's players to the Azzurri.

The full-back, Sauro Tomà, did not take part in the trip due to an injured meniscus; nor did the reserve goalkeeper, Renato Gandolfi (the third goalkeeper, Dino Ballarin, took his place). Radio commentator Nicolò Carosio, Luigi Giuliano (captain of the Torino youth team) and former manager of the Italy national team, Vittorio Pozzo, were excluded for various reasons. Torino's President, Ferruccio Novo, did not take part in the trip due to influenza.

Torino were proclaimed winners of the 1948–49 Serie A season on 6 May 1949 and the opponents, as well as Torino, fielded their youth teams in the four remaining games. On the day of the funeral nearly a million people took to the streets of Turin to give a final farewell to the players. The shock was such that the following year the Italy national team travelled to the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil by ship.[1]

Crash

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The twilight lasted all day, a melancholy to die for. The sky came apart in the mist and the fog blotted Superga

— Settimana Incom, Newsreel
The wall from the back of the Basilica of Superga was never restored in memory of the victims
The Grande Torino

The three-engined Fiat G.212, with aircraft registration I-ELCE, of Avio Linee Italiane, took off from Lisbon at 9:40 on Wednesday, 4 May 1949. The commander of the aircraft was Lieutenant Colonel Meroni. The flight landed at the airport in Barcelona at 13:00. While the aircraft was refuelled during the stopover, Torino met for lunch with Milan, who were directed to Madrid.

At 14:50 I-ELCE set off for the Turin-Aeritalia Airport. The flight's route was to take it over Cap de Creus, Toulon, Nice, Albenga, and Savona. Above Savona, the plane veered north, in the direction of the capital of Piedmont, where it was expected to arrive in thirty minutes. The weather in Turin was poor; at 16:55, the airport of Aeritalia communicated the weather situation to the pilot: clouds almost touching the ground, showers, strong south-west wind gusts and very poor horizontal visibility (40 meters).

At this point the tower asked for the pilot's position. After a few minutes of silence (at 16:59) came the reply: "Quota 2,000 meters. QDM on Pino, then we will cut at Superga". At Pino Torinese, which is located between Chieri and Baldissero Torinese, southeast of Turin, there was a VDF radio station (VHF direction finder), to provide a QDM (magnetic course to be taken on a head on approach as a radio aid) on request.

On approach, the plane lined up with the runway Aeritalia about 9 miles away, at 305 meters above sea level, with Pino at 290 degrees off its bow. Just north of Pino Torinese was the Basilica of Superga, situated on a hill at 669 meters above sea level. One theory for the deviation is that due to the strong left crosswinds, the plane could have suffered a drift to starboard, which shifted from the axis of descent and lined up with the hill of Superga. Recent investigations also suggested the possibility that the altimeter had malfunctioned and locked at 2000 meters, which led the pilots to believe that they were at a higher altitude.[2]

At 17:03, the plane made a turn to the left, put in horizontal flight and aligned to prepare for landing, when it crashed into the back of the embankment of the Basilica of Superga. The pilot, who likely believed that the Superga hill was off to his right, would have seen it suddenly emerge directly in front of him (speed 180 km/h, visibility 40 meters) and unable to react. The wreckage did not give any indication of an attempt to go-around. The only part of the aircraft which remained partially intact was the empennage.

At 17:05, Aeritalia Torre called I-ELCE, but received no response. Of the 31 people on board, there were no survivors. The current remains of the aircraft include a propeller, a tire, scattered pieces of the fuselage, and the personal bags of Mazzola, Maroso and Erbstein, which are preserved in a museum in Grugliasco near Turin. The Museo del Grande Torino e della Leggenda Granata, hosted in the prestigious Villa Claretta Assandri of Grugliasco, was opened 4 May, 2008, the anniversary of the tragedy. Eight of the 18 players (as well as two coaches and the journalist Renato Casalbore) are buried at the Monumental Cemetery of Turin.

Victims

The memorial to the victims of the disaster at the Basilica of Superga.
Opera of E. Eandi created for the 50th anniversary of the tragedy
Players
Club officials
Journalists
Crew
Others
  • Andrea Bonaiuti, organiser

See also

Bibliography

  • Roberto Thoeni, L'ultimo urlo per il grande Torino, Abaco Editori
  • Dino Buzzati, in La nera di Dino Buzzati, Oscar Mondadori
  • Vincenzo Baggioli (a cura), Il Torino. Oltre la vita!, Milano, I.P.L.

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ TG-R "Leonardo": possibili cause della sciagura di Superga: l'ipotesi dell'altimetro guasto||[1]

External links

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