Trinidad and Tobago cuisine
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Trinidad and Tobago cuisine is indicative of the blends of Indian, African, Creole, Amerindian, European, Chinese and Lebanese gastronomic influences.[1][2] Trinidad and Tobago has one of the most diverse cuisines in the Caribbean and is known throughout the world. There are more than one national dishes, in fact, there are so many that T&T may have more national dishes than any other country, national dhishes include Callaloo, Bake & Shark, Doubles, Pelau, Curried crab & dumplings, Oil Down, Pastelles, Black Cake, Dhal Puri Roti, Buss-up-shot Roti (Paratha), Murtanie (a.k.a. Mother-in-law) and Souse.
Contents
Main meals
Breakfast dishes
Popular Breakfast Fast Food - sada roti which is usually served with: Fried or curry Bodi (long beans), Baigan choka (roasted eggplant), Tomato Choka (Roasted Tomatoes), Pumpkin Talkari (pumpkin simmered in garlic, onion, cumin), Aloo choka (potatoes fried with onion and garlic), fried plaintain, stew chicken liver or gizzard, and the popular bake and shark. Hashed browns with Vienna sausages and eggs is a breakfast combination made almost everyday throughout towns such as Diego Martin, Westmoorings and Valsayn.
Fried bake (a fried dough unleavened bread) usually served with: saltfish (dried and salted cod), sardine, corn or smoke herring (smoked, salted and dried fish), buljol (saltfish with fresh peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers and sometimes boiled eggs); Bacon, Fried Plantain, Stew Chicken, Corned beef with onions and tomatoes.
Coconut bake (coconut bread) usually served with: fried accra (saltfish fritters), black pudding, Butter, Cheese paste(a mixture of cheese carrots and mayo), tannia cakes (fried dasheen cake) and boiled yuca with butter, fried plantain and buljol.
Hot Milk Drinks:
Farine with powdered milk (farine-ground and parched cassava)
- Chocolate tea (chocolate made from homemade cocoa balls)
Lunch and dinner
A very popular and nationally well known dish with distinctly African roots is callaloo, a creamy and spicy side dish made of dasheen or Taro leaves, okra known locally as Okro, crab or pigtails, thyme, pumpkin, pimento, onions, coconut milk and shado beni (from "Chardon Bénit,"French thistle or Fitweed) or bhandhanya (Hindi bandh dhanya, "closed cilantro") or culantro. Callaloo is often served with cornmeal coo coo, plantain, cassava, sweet potatoes, dumplings and curried crab. Pelau, a rice-based dish, is a very popular dish in Trinidad and Tobago, as well as stewed chicken, breadfruit oil down, macaroni pie, pepperpot, ox-tails, among many others. One of the most popular Trinidadian dishes is curried duck served with either roti or rice. Local curried duck cooking competitions are often held with multiple variations being created. A simple dish to make, but difficult to master, curried Muscovy is regarded as a delicacy which can be served at all times.
Trinbagonian dishes are often stewed, or barbecued, An array of fish can be bought at local merchants throughout Trinidad and Tobago, such as flying fish, king fish, carite, sapatay, red fish, bonito, lobster, conch and crab, tilapia and seasonal cascadura. Tobagonian food is dominated by a wide selection of seafood dishes, most notably, curried crab and dumplings, and Tobago is also known for its sumptuously prepared provisions, soups and stews, also known as blue food across the country. "Fish broth" a soup made in the style of Bouillabaisse is quite popular as a main dish or as a side. Tobago is particularly famous for its "curried crab and dumplings".
A popular Trini dish is macaroni pie, a macaroni pasta bake, with eggs and cheese, and a variety of other potential ingredients according to which of the many recipes you are following.
Another local dish is the rare delicacy cascadu (cascadura), which is a small, freshwater fish. The fish is curried and served with lagoon rice and cassava and yams. There is a local legend in Trinidad that s/he who eats cascadu will return to Trinidad to end their days.[3] Also a special type of West Indian spaghetti dish is made in the towns of Chaguanas, Couva and some parts of San Fernando. It is made by using durum semolina, scorpion peppers, pasta sauce and a hint of garlic sauce. Everything is sauteed in a sauce pan until all the fluid dries. It is then served with salt dashed on top with some rosemary and parsley.
Condiments
Trinidadians accompany their meals with various condiments; these can include pepper sauces, chutneys and pickles and are often homemade. Pepper sauces are made by using habanero or other hot peppers, either minced or chopped and other spices. It can sometimes include lime or lemon as well as other vegetables, and come in many variations and flavors. The "mother-in-law" is another popular condiment which is a coarsely chopped spicy medley of habaneros, carrots, carylie (bitter melon) and other spices. Chutneys are popular as well and often include mango, tamarind, cucumber, shado beni, and sometimes coconut. There are a variety of popular pickles known locally as Achar which are commonly used. Kuchela a grated spicy version, usually made from mango but sometimes made from Pommecythère, the Mango version being most popular. Other version of Achars are made from mango, Pommecythère, tamarind, Lemon and Dillenia indica or Chulta as its known locally.
Street foods
Street foods: Popular freshly prepared street foods include doubles, Saheena, Aloo Pies pholourie, bake and shark (particularly at Maracas Bay, a popular beach on the North coast), curried shrimp roti, corn soup, geera chicken (Hindi jira, "cumin") and pork, raw oysters (usually sold at stalls where there is a lighted kerosene torch or flambeau) with a spicy sweet/hot sauce mainly with cilantro or chadon beni (Eryngium foetidum), saheena, kachori (Hindi kachuri), aloo (Hindi alu, "potato") pies, fish pies, cheese pies, beef pies (many Trinidadian neighbourhoods boast a local pie-man), and pows (Cantonese pao-tzu < baaozi, steamed wrapped roll with savoury or sweet filling) - steamed buns filled with meat, typically char siu pork. Sausage rolls are also eaten as midday snacks and are available at stands usually found along the nation's streets.
A popular street side favourite, before the consumption of alcohol, is souse (made from pig, cow or chicken feet seasoned with onion, garlic, salt, pimento and scotch bonnet peppers, lemon and chadon beni), served warm (mostly) or slightly chilled (room temperature). It is also rumoured to be a cure to hangovers. When in season, roast and boiled corn on the cob can be found any time day or night.
On festive occasions (Carnival, Borough Day and most public holidays), street foods also include wild meat such as deer, iguana, manicou (opossum), tatou (armadillo), and agouti (similar to a guinea pig), to name a few. These are prepared either as a creole or curry dish, and served with a wide choice of local pepper sauces.
Cold Street Snacks: On hot days, locals enjoy souse, ice cream, snow cones (served in various colours, flavours and shapes, often with sweetened condensed milk), ice pops, freezies, sucker bag, coconut slushies and fresh coconut jelly.
Festival foods
Special Christmas foods include pastelles (called hallaca in Venezuela where they originated), garlic pork (carne vinha-d'alhos, a Portuguese dish), boiled or baked ham, turkey, pigeon peas, fruit cake (or black cake), ginger beer, ponche crema, egg nog, and sorrel.
Special Diwali foods include Mohanbhog, Lapsi, channa, and aloo.
Special Eid foods include seviyan, barfi rasgulla, halwa, and baklawa.
Desserts
The popular local desserts are usually extremely sweet. Local snacks include cassava or coconut pone and stewed guavas, sweetbread, paw paw balls, tamarind balls, bene balls (sticks or cakes), toolum, guava cheese (guava paste), jub jub and sugar cakes, nut cake, chilli bibi and brown sugar fudge. Local chocolatiers and confectioners manufacture several different types of sweet treats. Indian delicacies like khurma, gulab jamoon, ladoo, jalebi, prasad, coconut barfi, pera and barfi are also popular.
Beverages
There are many different popular beverages in Trinidad. These include, various sweet drinks (Sodas) (Chubby, Solo, Peardrax[4]), and also Malta, Smalta, Shandy, citrus juice, ginger beer, Guinness Beer, Peanut punch, channa (chickpea) punch, beet punch, sorrel, mauby, seamoss punch, barbadine punch, soursop punch and Coca Cola, paw paw punch.
Carib is a very popular local lager beer. There is also Carib Light and Carib Shandys, which come in Sorrel, Ginger, and Lime flavours.
Coconut water can be found throughout the island. Rum was invented in the Caribbean, therefore Trinidad and Tobago boasts rum shops all over the island, serving local favourites such as ponche-de-crème, `puncheon rum, and home-made wines from local fruits. Homemade alcohol is popular also.
Fruits
Fruits available in Trinidad include mangoes (bastapool, button, belly-bef, calabash, cedar, cutlass, doudouce, egg, Graham, ice-cream, Julie, long, pawpaw, Peter, rose, round, starch, teen, turpentine, vert, zabrico), breadfruit, sorrel (roselle), passion fruit, watermelons, sapodilla Manilkara zapota , pommerac (Syzygium malaccense), guavas, pommecythère Spondias dulcis, caimite (star apple), abiu, five fingers (carambola), cherries, zaboca (avocado), pawpaw (papaya), chenette (Melicoccus bijugatus), pineapples, oranges, Portugal (tangerines of various genetic breeding), plum (Governor, King and common variety), West Indian (Barbadian) cherry (Acerola), bananas (sikyé, silk, Gros Michel, Lacatan), barbadine (granadilla), balatá, soursop, cashews, Tamarind, Ceres (Flacourtia indica), Pois Doux, Cocorite (Attalea maripa), Gru-Gru-beff (Acrocomia aculeata), Fat-Pork (Chrysobalanus icaco), and coconuts (several varieties).[5]
See also
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References
- ↑ Manas: The Indian Diaspora, At Home in Trinidad
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=zNA8RWWB3gwC Sweet hands: island cooking from Trinidad & Tobago By Ramin Ganeshram, Jean-Paul Vellotti
- ↑ *Allsopp, S.R. Richard (1998). In Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage, with a French and Spanish Supplement. Oxford University Press. p. 138. ISBN 0-19-866152-5. Google Book Search. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
- ↑ Vanished UK drink is toast of Caribbean, an April 2007 article from the BBC website
- ↑ Tropical Fruit Pictures, Plant Pictures Index
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