United States Food Administration
During the United States participation in World War I the U. S. Food Administration was the responsible agency for the administration of the U.S. army overseas and allies' food reserves. One of its important tasks was the stabilization of the price of wheat on the U. S. market. It was established by Executive Order 2679-A of August 10, 1917 pursuant to the Food and Fuel Control Act.
History
Under the direction of Herbert Hoover the U.S. Food Administration employed its Grain Corporation, organized under the provisions of the Food Control Act of August 10, 1917, as an agency for the purchase and sale of foodstuff. Having done transactions in the size of $7 billion it was rendered obsolete by the armistice in Europe. President Woodrow Wilson promoted its transition in a new agency for the support of the reconstruction of Europe. It became the American Relief Administration, approved by an Act (Public, No. 274, 65th Congress) on February 25, 1919.
The Food Administration Grain Corporation became the United States Grain Corporation pursuant to Executive Order 3087 of May 14, 1919.
During the time of the administration, the United States was short of nearly everything during their time of need. All citizens were asked to donate any weapons, horses, and ammunition they possessed to help supply the army, with a small hope of the items being returned. The rationing was done during this time of National need so that food for soldiers, and citizens, wouldn't be an issue. Concepts such as "meatless Mondays" and "wheatless Wednesdays" were also implemented to help ration food, so that the government had one less thing to worry about, essentially.
Poster advertising issued
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"Sugar means Ships...Every Spoonful -Every Sip- Means less for a Fighter.", ca. 1918 - ca. 1918.tif
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"Member of the United States Food Administration. Please Hang This Card In Your Front Window.", ca. 1917 - ca. 1919 - NARA - 512510.jpg
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"Will you help the Women of France^ Save Wheat. They are struggling against starvation and trying to feed not only... - NARA - 512574.tif
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"Member of U.S. Food Administration. Food will win the war. We observe Meatless days, Wheatless days- Porkless days and - NARA - 512516.tif
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Additional reading
- Frank M. Surface / Raymond L. Bland: American Food in the World War and Reconstruction Period. Operations of the Organizations Under the Direction of Herbert Hoover 1914 to 1924, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1931
Notes
External links
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- Wilson orders Hoover to start, The New York Times, June 17, 1917, p. 1
- Watson S. Moore, How wheat was saved to feed allied folk, The New York Times, January 5, 1919, p. 80
- Sow the Seeds of Victory! Posters from the Food Administration During World War I
- Saving Food, Saving Lives: World War 1 Food Posters
- Wisconsin Historical Society
- Works by United States Food Administration at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about United States Food Administration at Internet Archive
- Works by United States Food Administration at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
