Kansas City Union Station

Union Station
Location	30 West Pershing Road Kansas City, Missouri
Coordinates
Owned by	Union Station Assistance Corporation
Line(s)	Kansas City Terminal Railway
Platforms	1 island platform
Tracks	4
Construction
Parking	Yes
Other information
Station code	Template:Amtrak code
Website	unionstation.org
History
Opened	October 30, 1914 (October 30, 1914)
Closed	1983 (except Amtrak Bubble) 1985 (Entire station closed)
Rebuilt	November 10, 1999 (with Science City); 2002 (Amtrak service resumed)
Previous names	Union Depot (April 8, 1878–October 31, 1914), West Bottoms
Traffic
Passengers (Template:Amtrak ridership)	Template:Amtrak ridershipTemplate:Amtrak ridership (Amtrak)
Services
Union Station
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Location	Pershing Rd. and Main St., Kansas City, Missouri
Area	20.2 acres (8.2 ha)
Built	1901
Architect	Jarvis Hunt
Architectural style	Beaux-Arts
NRHP Reference #	72000719
Added to NRHP	February 1, 1972

Kansas City Union Station (station code: KCY) is a union station opened in 1914, serving Kansas City, Missouri, and the surrounding metropolitan area. It replaced a small Union Depot from 1878. Union Station served a peak annual traffic of more than 670,000 passengers in 1945 at the end of World War II, quickly declined in the 1950s, and was closed in 1985.

In 1996 a public–private partnership undertook Union Station's $250 million restoration, funded in part by a sales tax levied in both Kansas and Missouri counties in the Kansas City metropolitan area. By 1999, the station reopened as a series of museums and other public attractions. In 2002, Union Station returned to train service when Amtrak began providing public transportation services and has since become Missouri's second-busiest train station. The refurbished station has theaters, ongoing museum exhibits, and attractions such as the Science City at Union Station, the Irish Museum and Cultural Center, and the Todd Bolender Center for Dance and Creativity. Since 2016, it is a stop for the KC Streetcar.

History

Union Depot era

File:Union Depot in Kansas City, Union Depot, which opened in April 1878 in an area now known as West Bottoms. Following a flood it was replaced by Union Station in 1914.jpg

Union Depot, c. 1880

On April 8, 1878, Union Depot opened on a narrow triangle of land in Kansas City between Union Avenue and the railroad tracks of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad in present-day West Bottoms. Nicknamed the "Jackson County Insane Asylum" by those who thought it was too large, it was the second union station in the country, after the one in Indianapolis. The new depot was a hybrid of the Second Empire style and Gothic Revival. The lead architect was Asa Beebe Cross who "adorned the exterior of the building with intricate towers of varying heights, arched windows framed in stone and rows of dormers projecting from the steeply pitched mansard roof"; it had a clock tower above the main entrance that was 125 feet (38 m) in height. By the start of the 20th century, over 180 trains were passing daily through the station, serving a city whose population had tripled during its first-quarter century of operation. In 1903, the lack of room for expansion and a major flood led the city and the railroads to decide a new station was required.

Union Station era

File:UnionStation1921.jpg

A large crowd gathered in front of Union Station for the 1921 dedication of the Liberty Memorial site. 1921

The decision to build a new station was spearheaded by the Kansas City Terminal Railway, a switching and terminal railroad that was a joint operation of the Alton; Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy; Chicago Great Western; Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific; Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific; Kansas City Southern; Missouri-Kansas-Texas; Missouri Pacific; St. Louis-San Francisco; Union Pacific; and Wabash railroads.

The new location was chosen to be a valley at 25th Street and Grand Avenue used by the Kansas City Belt Railway. It was south of the central business district, above and away from the floodplain.

The architect chosen to design the Union Station building was Jarvis Hunt, a proponent of the City Beautiful movement. The design was a main hall for ticketing, and a perpendicular hall extending out over the tracks for passenger waiting. The Beaux-Arts station opened on October 30, 1914, as the third-largest train station in the country. The building encompassed 850,000 square feet (79,000 m²), the ceiling in the Grand Hall is 95 feet (29 m) high, there are three chandeliers weighing 3,500 pounds (1600 kg) each, and the Grand Hall clock has a six-foot (1.8-m) diameter face. Due to its central location, Kansas City was a hub for both passenger and freight rail traffic. The scale of the building reflected this status.

Kansas City Union Station Massacre

Main article: Kansas City massacre

Union Station made headlines on June 17, 1933, as four lawmen were gunned down by mafia members attempting to free captured fugitive Frank Nash. Nash was also killed in the gun battle. The Kansas City Massacre highlighted the lawlessness of Kansas City under the Pendergast Machine and resulted in the arming of all FBI agents.

Decline of Train Passenger Numbers

In 1945, annual passenger traffic peaked at 678,363. As train travel declined beginning in the 1950s, the city had less and less need for a large train station. By 1973, only 32,842 passengers passed through the facility, all passenger train service was now run by Amtrak, and the building was beginning to deteriorate. The city government of Kansas City wished to preserve and redevelop the building. To facilitate this, in 1974, they made a development deal with Trizec Corporation, a Canadian redevelopment firm. Included in the deal was an agreement that Trizec would redevelop the station. Between 1979 and 1986, Trizec constructed two office buildings on surrounding property, but did not redevelop the station. The deteriorating station closed in 1983, with the exception of a "bubble" inside the main hall that housed Amtrak's operations until 1985, when Amtrak moved all passenger operations to a smaller "Amshack" facility adjacent to the old station. At that point, the station was completely closed to the public. In 1988, the city filed suit against Trizec for the failure to develop the station; the case was settled in 1994. For most of this time period, the building continued to decay.

Restoration

File:Union Station (7638155320).jpg

Fountains in front of Union Station, 2012

File:Interior, Union Station (Kansas City) - DSC07833.JPG

Grand Plaza or North Waiting Room (Sprint Festival Plaza) of Union Station, 2011

In 1996, residents in five counties throughout the Kansas City metropolitan area in both Kansas and Missouri approved the so-called "bistate tax", a 1/8 of a cent sales tax, part of which helped to fund just under half of the $250 million restoration of Union Station. Renovation began in 1997 and was completed in 1999. The remaining money was raised through private donations and federal funding. The renovations enabled Amtrak to move its operations back inside the main building in 2002.

Union Station receives no public funding. Current operating costs are funded by general admission and theater ticketing, grants, corporate and private donations, commercial space leases and facility rental. Union Station Kansas City, Inc. is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization which manages Union Station and which previously managed the Kansas City Museum. Union Station hosts Science City (opened in 1999), a family-friendly interactive science center with more than 50 hands-on exhibits; the H&R Block City Stage Theater, a live-action venue with productions for all ages; the Regnier Extreme Screen, the largest 3-D movie screen in the region at five and half stories tall; two restaurants, including Pierponts, an upscale steak and seafood restaurant, and Harvey's, many shops; the Gottlieb Planetarium, the largest planetarium in the area; and various temporary museum exhibits including the internationally acclaimed Dead Sea Scrolls in 2007, Bodies Revealed in 2008, Dialog in the Dark in 2009, Dinosaurs Unearthed in 2010 and Diana, A Celebration focusing upon Princess Diana in 2011. The Irish Museum and Cultural Center has been located in the station since March 17, 2007.

Notable Events

File:Interior, Union Station (Kansas City) - DSC07829.JPG

Grand Hall of Union Station, 2011

The old Union Station Powerhouse building was renovated by the Kansas City Ballet. It is the ballet's new home and is known as the Todd Bolender Center for Dance and Creativity since August 2011.

In April 2015 and again in 2017, the reality TV show American Ninja Warrior was filmed at Union Station.

The 2023 NFL Draft was held in front of and partially inside of Union Station in April 2023.

2024 shooting

Main article: 2024 Kansas City parade shooting

On February 14, 2024, a mass shooting occurred outside Union Station, where one person was killed and 22 others were injured soon after the Super Bowl LVIII victory parade and rally honoring the Kansas City Chiefs.

Current services

The station is served by four Amtrak trains daily. The Missouri River Runner has round trip service to Gateway Transportation Center in St. Louis. The Southwest Chief departs for Chicago Union Station in the morning and for Los Angeles Union Station late evening.

Of the twelve Missouri stations served by Amtrak, Kansas City was the second busiest in the 2015 fiscal year, boarding or disembarking an average 421 passengers daily.

Gallery

A typical crowd in the Grand Hall of the new Union Station, c. 1950s A typical crowd in the Grand Hall of the new Union Station, c. 1950s  Norfolk and Western's City of St. Louis at Union Station in 1967 Norfolk and Western's City of St. Louis at Union Station in 1967  Loading platform, 1974 Loading platform, 1974

See also

• List of Amtrak stations
• Pencoyd Railroad Bridge (Kansas City, Missouri)

External links

• Amtrak – Stations – Kansas City, MO
• 360KC.com, Union Station, 360° visual Internet tours Archived October 26, 2020, at the Wayback Machine