Uralic mythologies

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Uralic mythologies is an umbrella term for the mythologies and indigenous religions of the Finnic, Ugric, and Samoyedic peoples, who speak related Uralic languages.[1] The mythologies retain traces of archaic Uralic religious systems merged with foreign influences, both ancient and modern, and are similar to the beliefs of neighboring non-Uralic peoples of north-central Eurasia.[1]

Of ancient Hungarian mythology (Ugric), not much is known other than it was based on shamanism, there was a belief in the afterlife and a high god, and a tradition of being descended from a female deer.[2] There was also belief in a world/life tree (Világfa/Életfa) which has three levels, each a different world. A shaman was believed to be able to climb through each of these levels freely by a ladder.

The traditional Samoyed religion was based on shamanism and totemism. Tales were sung (syodobobs) or spoken (uahanoku).[3]

Ancient Finnic mythologies had an emphasis on astronomy, with asterisms seen as animal spirits. Creation myths involved a world egg and a world pillar.[2]

The Finnic, Ugric, and Samoyedic people are “from Norway to the region of the Ob River in Siberia and southward into the Carpathian Basin in central Europe and Ukraine." [4] They originated near present day northern Finland then went to other lands. Even though the Finnic-Ugric people went to different lands, they still speak a common language named Uralic that has been around since 6000 B.C. [5] The “Uralic family of languages” are those spoken by the Finno-Ugric and Samoyed people. [6]

The Finnic-Ugric included the sky and the cosmos in their myths. The star constellations were named after animal spirits and have numerous myths written about them. The Finnic-Ugric people also have myths about the Milky Way Galaxy. In Uralic the terms “sky” and “god of the sky” have similar meanings. Their gods of the sky are sometimes referenced as weather gods or gods of hunting. [7] There are also goddesses that deal with the world. Goddesses like Mansi and Kaltashch-ekva in myths have powers to shape the cosmos and give life.

The weather and creator god Ilmarinen is known in the Finno-Ugric religion for keeping the sky up with a pillar he forged. This pillar is called sampo or the world’s pillar. [8] If the pillar falls it can signal the end of the world. [9] In a myth Väinämöinen, a god known as a cosmic egg creation led a quest to find sampo in a land ruled by a Northern Woman. In that legend the sampo would lead to good fortune, wealth, and affluence. In some of those myths the pillar is in the center of the North Star in a canopy that surrounds the world.

A common theme in many Uralic mythologies is Mother Earth or female fertility. Every year there was a feast to honor Mother Earth called Mlande Shotchyn. During Mlande Shotchyn it was prohibited for anyone to do anything that would harm the earth. If people did harm the land, they would be punished by a thunderstorm that would destroy their crops or being stuck by lightning. Muzjem-Mumy, also referred to as Mother Earth, would grow angry when people would farm on the land while she slept during Mlande Shotchyn. To appease her, people would sacrifice animals to her. “The animals sacrificed to Muzjem-Mumy were dark of colour-that of the earth- oxen and sheep: their bones, blood and offal were dug into the ground, and the meat was eaten during the feast." [10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ "Finno-Ugric religion". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 06 Dec. 2015
  5. ↑ Leeming, David Adams. "Finnic and Other Non-Indo-European Mythologies." From Olympus to .
  6. ↑ "Finno-Ugric religion". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 06 Dec. 2015
  7. ↑ "Finno-Ugric religion". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 06 Dec. 2015
  8. ↑ "Ilmarinen." Encyclopædia Britannica (2014): Research Starters. Web. 13 Dec. 2015.
  9. ↑ Leeming, David Adams. "Finnic and Other Non-Indo-European Mythologies." From Olympus to Camelot: The World of European Mythology. Oxford: UP, 2003. 133-38. Print
  10. ↑ Yurchenkova, Nina1, "About Female Deities In The Mythology Of

Further reading

  • Napolskikh, Vladimir. The First Stages of Origin of People of Uralic Language Family: Material of Mythological Reconstruction. Moscow, 1991. (Russian: Напольских В. В. Древнейшие этапы происхождения народов уральской языковой семьи: данные мифологической реконструкции. М., 1991.)
  • Petrukhin, Vladimir. Myths of Finno-Ugric Peoples. Moscow, 2005. 463 p. (Russian: Петрухин В. Я. Мифы финно-угров. М., 2005. 463 с.)
  • Religious Beliefs of People in USSR. Vol. 2. Moscow-Leningrad, 1931. (Russian: Религиозные верования народов СССР. Т. 2. М.-Л., 1931.)
  • Sagalaev A. S. Uralic-Altaic Mythology. Novosibirsk, 1991. (Russian: Сагалаев А. С. Уpaло-алтайская мифология. Новосибирск, 1991.)
  • World Outlook of Finno-Ugric People. Moscow, 1990. (Russian: Мировоззрение финно-угорских народов. М., 1990.)
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