William Edmond Logan
| Sir William Edmond Logan | |
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Sir William Edmond Logan (1869)
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| Born | 20 April 1798 Montreal, Lower Canada |
| Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. Castell Malgwyn, Wales |
| Citizenship | United Kingdom |
| Nationality | Scottish, Canadian |
| Fields | Geology |
| Institutions | Geologist, H M Geological Survey Director of the Geological Survey of Canada (1842-70) |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh |
| Known for | "Geology of Canada" (1863) |
| Notable awards | Wollaston Medal (1856) Royal Medal (1867) |
Sir William Edmond Logan FRSE FRS FGS (20 April 1798 – 22 June 1875) was a Scottish-Canadian geologist.
Logan was born in Montreal, Lower Canada (now Quebec), and educated at the High School in Edinburgh and the University of Edinburgh (graduated 1817). He started teaching himself geology in 1831, when he took over the running of a copper works in Swansea. He produced a geological map of the south Wales coalfield. Based on this research, in 1840 he presented to the Geological Society of London his paper "On the character of the beds of clay lying immediately below the coal-seams of South Wales, and on the occurrence of coal-boulders in the Pennant Grit of that district." This paper suggested his opinion that the layer of clay under the coalfield was the old soil in which grew the plants from which the coal was formed.
His abilities as a geologist were noticed, and in 1842 he was asked to establish the Geological Survey of Canada. In 1855, he recruited Robert Barlow as the survey's chief draughtsman. He continued as director until 1869. During this time he described the Laurentian rocks of the Laurentian Mountains in Canada and of the Adirondacks in the state of New York.
He discovered Logan's Line, the demarcation between the heavily folded Appalachian Mountains and the flat sedimentary rocks, laid down during the Paleozoic Era, lying inland of them.
Honours
Over his illustrious career he received 27 medals including the Legion of Honor from Emperor Napoleon III of France in 1855 and a knighthood from Queen Victoria in 1856. In the same year he was awarded the Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society of London.
After his retirement in 1869 he settled in Pembrokeshire in west Wales and died at Castell Malgwyn, the home of his sister, Elizabeth Gower. He was interred in the churchyard in the village of Cilgerran.
Posthumous honours
- Mount Logan, the highest mountain in Canada, was named in 1890 by I.C. Russell of the U.S. Geological Survey in his honour.[1]
- The mineral Weloganite, first found in Montreal, Canada, was named in his honour.
- The Geological Association of Canada awards the Logan Medal annually as its highest honour.
See also
References
- ↑ Alan Rayburn, Naming Canada: stories about Canadian place names, Revised and Expanded Edition, University of Toronto Press, 2001, pg. 25.
- Bibliography
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Edmond Logan. |
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Logan, Sir William Edmond. |
- Written in Stone: William E.Logan and the Geological Survey of Canada(English and French)
- Sir William Logan 1798 - 1875
- Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- William Edmond Logan (1798 - 1875): Canada's Super-Rocker!!
- Sir William Logan Online
- Sir William Logan, 200th birthday essay
| Professional and academic associations | ||
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| Preceded by | President of the Royal Canadian Institute | Succeeded by Sir Daniel Wilson (academic) |
- Use dmy dates from April 2012
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- 1798 births
- 1875 deaths
- 19th-century Canadian people
- 19th-century Scottish people
- People from Montreal
- People from Edinburgh
- People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
- Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
- Université de Montréal alumni
- 19th-century Canadian civil servants
- Canadian geologists
- Canadian knights
- Canadian people of Scottish descent
- Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- Légion d'honneur recipients
- Royal Medal winners
- Wollaston Medal winners
- Knights Bachelor
- Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
- Scottish civil servants
- Scottish expatriates in Canada
- Scottish geologists
- Scottish knights
