William Henry Vanderbilt

This article is about the railroad magnate. For his great-grandson, the governor of Rhode Island, see William Henry Vanderbilt III.

William Henry Vanderbilt I
Born	(1821-05-08)May 8, 1821 New Brunswick, New Jersey
Died	New York City, New York, U.S.
Resting place	Moravian Cemetery
Occupation	Owner of the New York Central Railroad and other railroads.
Net worth	nearly US$232 million (equivalent to approximately $6,110,192,593 in 2024 dollars)
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Maria Louisa Kissam (m. 1841–1885; his death)
Children	Cornelius, Margaret, William, Emily, Florence, Frederick, Eliza, and George
Parent(s)	Cornelius Vanderbilt Sophia Johnson
Relatives	See Vanderbilt family
Signature

William Henry "Billy" Vanderbilt (May 8, 1821 – December 8, 1885) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the eldest son of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt and a prominent member of the Vanderbilt family.

Family

Billy was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1821. He inherited nearly $100 million from his father, railroad mogul and family patriarch Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794–1877). The fortune had doubled when he died less than nine years later.

His father Cornelius frequently berated and criticized him, calling his eldest son a "blockhead" and a "blatherskite". Billy longed to show his father that he was not, in fact, a blatherskite, but never dared stand up to the fearsome Commodore. A major turning point in their relationship occurred on the family trip to Europe on the steamship Vanderbilt in 1860, after which, the two became very close and Billy was given a greater role in business matters.

In 1841, Billy married Maria Louisa Kissam (1821–1896), daughter of Reverend Samuel Kissam and Margaret Hamilton Adams. They had eight children:

1. Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843–1899) who married Alice Claypoole Gwynne; they were the parents of Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt and paternal grandparents of Gloria Laura Vanderbilt
2. Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt (1845–1924) who married Elliott Fitch Shepard in 1868; they were the parents of Alice Vanderbilt Shepard and Elliott Fitch Shepard, Jr.
3. William Kissam Vanderbilt (1849–1920) who married (1) Alva Erskine Smith and (2) Anne Harriman Sands Rutherfurd
4. Emily Thorn Vanderbilt (1852–1946) who married William Douglas Sloane (c. 1872) and later Henry White
5. Florence Adele Vanderbilt (1854–1952) who married Hamilton McKown Twombly
6. Frederick William Vanderbilt (1856–1938) who married Louise Anthony Torrance
7. Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt (1860–1936) who married William Seward Webb
8. George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862–1914) who married Edith Stuyvesant Dresser

Career

William Henry Vanderbilt's mansion between 51st and 52nd Streets on the west side of Fifth Avenue, New York City (completed in 1882, demolished in 1927)

1879 cartoon depicting Vanderbilt as "The Modern Colossus of (Rail) Roads"

His father carefully oversaw his business training, starting him out at age 19 as a clerk in a New York banking house. After joining the executive of the Staten Island Railway, he was made its president in 1862 then three years later was appointed vice-president of the Hudson River railway.

In 1869, he was made vice-president of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, becoming its president in 1877. He took over for his father as president of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, the Canada Southern Railway, and the Michigan Central Railroad at the time of the Commodore's death.

"Public be damned!"

In 1883, reporter John Dickinson Sherman questioned him about why he ran the limited express train: "Do your limited express trains pay or do you run them for the accommodation of the public?" Vanderbilt responded with: "Accommodation of the public? The public be damned! We run them because we have to. They do not pay. We have tried again and again to get the different roads to give them up; but they will run them and, of course, as long as they run them we must do the same." The interview was then published in the Chicago Daily News, but Vanderbilt's words were modified. Several accounts of the incident were then disseminated; The accounts vary in terms of who conducted the interview, under what circumstance and what was actually said. William received bad publicity and clarified his response with a subsequent interview by the Chicago Times. In that interview he was quoted saying: "Railroads are not run for the public benefit, but to pay. Incidentally, we may benefit humanity, but the aim is to earn a dividend"

Charity

Vanderbilt YMCA, New York

Vanderbilt was an active philanthropist, giving extensively to a number of philanthropic causes including the YMCA, funding to help establish the Metropolitan Opera and an endowment for the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University. In 1880, he provided the money for Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee to construct the Wesley Hall building for use as the Biblical Department and library and included 160 dormitory rooms for students and professors, lecture halls, as well as a cafeteria. The building was destroyed by fire in 1932 and his son Frederick made another donation to help cover the insurance shortfall and allow a new building to be constructed.

Vanderbilt was an avid art enthusiast; his collection included some of the most valuable works of the Old Masters, and over his lifetime Vanderbilt acquired more than 200 paintings, which he housed in his lavish and palatial Fifth Avenue mansion.

Ulysses S. Grant

In 1884 the firm Grant & Ward went bankrupt and ruined the investments of both Ulysses S. Grant and Vanderbilt, whom Grant had convinced to invest $150,000. Ferdinand Ward, known as the Napoleon of Wall Street, had, unknowingly to both Grant and Vanderbilt, operated the company as a Ponzi scheme that resulted in financial ruin for many. The other associate, Buck Grant, apparently was unaware of Ward's Ponzi scheme swindle. Ward was later prosecuted. To pay Vanderbilt back, Grant mortgaged his Civil War memorabilia, including his sword. Although this did not fully cover the $150,000 debt, Vanderbilt accepted the memorabilia as payment and wiped out the $150,000 debt owed by Grant. Vanderbilt later recouped Grant's other mortgaged war memorabilia, including the memorabilia given by Grant, and returned them to Ulysses S. Grant's wife, Julia Grant, after Grant's death in 1885.

Death

In 1883, he resigned all his company presidencies and had his sons appointed as important chairmen but left the day-to-day running of the businesses to experienced men appointed president.

He died on December 8, 1885 in New York City. He was interred in the Vanderbilt family mausoleum at the Moravian Cemetery in New Dorp on Staten Island, New York. His estate was divided amongst his eight children and his wife, the bulk of the estate going to his eldest two sons, Cornelius and William.

Holdings

• Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
• Chicago and Canada Southern Railway
• Detroit and Bay City Railroad
• Hudson River Railroad
• Hudson River Bridge
• Joliet and Northern Indiana Railroad
• Michigan Midland and Canada Railroad
• New York Central and Hudson River Railroad
• New York Central Sleeping Car Company
• New York and Harlem Rail Road
• Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad
• Staten Island Rail-Road

Further reading

• Stiles, T.J. The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt (2009) scholarly biography of his father with many details on William
• Vanderbilt II, Arthur T. (1991). Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 9780062224064

External links

• William Henry Vanderbilt Encyclopædia Britannica 2008
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• The last will and testament of the late William H. Vanderbilt Publisher: Taggart & Miller, New York 1886
• Vanderbilt Family Genealogy and photos