Witney
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Witney | |
![]() St Mary the Virgin parish church |
|
![]() |
|
Population | 27,522 (2011 census)[1] |
---|---|
OS grid reference | SP3509 |
Civil parish | Witney |
District | West Oxfordshire |
Shire county | Oxfordshire |
Region | South East |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | Witney |
Postcode district | OX28 |
Dialling code | 01993 |
Police | Thames Valley |
Fire | Oxfordshire |
Ambulance | South Central |
EU Parliament | South East England |
UK Parliament | Witney |
Website | Witney Town Council |
|
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Witney is a town on the River Windrush, 12 miles (19 km) west of Oxford in Oxfordshire, England.
The place-name "Witney" is first attested in a Saxon charter of 969 as "Wyttannige"; it appears as "Witenie" in the Domesday Book of 1086. The name means "Witta's island".[2]
Contents
Notable buildings
The Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin was originally Norman. The north porch and north aisle were added in this style late in the 12th century, and survived a major rebuilding in about 1243. In this rebuilding the present chancel, transepts, tower and spire were added and the nave was remodelled, all in the Early English style. In the 14th century a number of side chapels and some of the present windows were added in the Decorated style. In the 15th century the south transept was extended and the present west window of the nave were added in the Perpendicular style.[3] The tower has a peal of eight bells.[4]
Holy Trinity parish church in Wood Green was built in 1849 in the Early English style. Both St. Mary the Virgin and Holy Trinity are now members of a single team parish.[5]
Witney Market began in the Middle Ages. Thursday is the traditional market day but there is also a market on Saturday. The buttercross in the market square is so called because people from neighbouring towns would gather there to buy butter and eggs. It was built in about 1600 and its clock was added in 1683.[6]
The town hall is 18th-century. A local legend holds that it was designed by Sir Christopher Wren, but there is little evidence to support this claim.
Witney has long been an important crossing over the River Windrush. The architect Thomas Wyatt rebuilt the bridge in Bridge Street in 1822.[7]
The Friends Meeting House in Wood Green was built in the 18th century. Since 1997 Quakers in Witney have met at the corn exchange.[8] The Methodist church in High Street was built in 1850.[9] It is now one of five Methodist churches and chapels in Witney.[10] The Roman Catholic parish of Our Lady and Saint Hugh was founded in 1913.[11] It originally used a chapel in West End built in 1881[6] but now has its own modern building.[12] The old chapel in West End is now Elim Christian Fellowship.[13]
West End, part of the road to Hailey, is one of Britain's best-preserved streets[citation needed] and inspired the song Just an Old Fashioned House in an Old Fashioned Street.[citation needed] Although it is called West End, it is actually on the northern side of the town and gets its name from when it was not actually in Witney parish but at the west end of the adjacent Hailey parish.
Witney Workhouse was on Razor Hill (now Tower Hill). It was built in 1835–36 by the architect George Wilkinson. It had four wings radiating from an octagonal central building, similar to Chipping Norton workhouse, which also was built by Wilkinson. His younger brother William Wilkinson added a separate chapel to Witney Workhouse in 1860.[14][15] During the First World War the workhouse contained prisoners of war. In 1940 it became Crawford Collets[16] engineering factory under the direction of Leonard Frank Eve. The chapel became the factory canteen. In 1979 Crawford Collets demolished the main buildings and replaced them with a modern factory but preserved the entrance gate and former chapel. In 2004 the modern factory was demolished for redevelopment. The gate and chapel have again been preserved but the chapel is in a poor state of repair.[17]
Industry
Witney has been famous for its woollen blankets since the Middle Ages.[18] The water for the production of these blankets is drawn from the River Windrush, which was believed to be the secret of Witney's high quality blankets. The Blanket Hall in High Street was built in 1721 for weighing and measuring blankets.[6] At one time there were five blanket factories in the town but with the closure of the largest blanket maker, in 2002, Early's, the town's blanket industry completely ceased production. Early's factory, once a vital and important part of the town's history, has now been demolished, and is the site of several new housing estates. Witney United FC retains its nickname "The Blanketmen" from the town's traditional trade.
For many years Witney had its own brewery and maltings: J.W. Clinch and Co, which founded the Eagle Maltings in 1841. Courage took over Clinch's and closed it down, but since 1983 Refresh UK's Wychwood Brewery has brewed real ales in the Eagle Maltings. In 2002 Refresh UK contracted to produce ales for W.H. Brakspear, who had sold their former brewery in Henley-upon-Thames for redevelopment. Refresh UK also brews ale for the Prince of Wales' Duchy Originals company.
The Witney Railway opened Witney's first station in 1861, linking the town to Yarnton where the line joined the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway. In 1873 the East Gloucestershire Railway opened from a new station, linking Witney with Lechlade and Fairford. The Great Western Railway operated services on both lines and eventually took them over. In 1962 British Railways closed the EGR completely and withdrew passenger services from the Witney Railway. In 1970 British Railways closed the Witney Railway completely and it was dismantled.
Museums
Witney has three museums. Cogges Manor Farm Museum, in the 13th-century manor house[14] and farm of Cogges, represents farming and countryside history. The Witney and District Museum has many artefacts and documents representing the history of the town. The Wychwood Brewery has a museum open at weekends.
Education
Witney has three county secondary schools: Henry Box School, Wood Green School and Springfield School. In 1660 Henry Box founded Witney Grammar School. In 1968 it became the comprehensive Henry Box School.[19] In 1970 new school buildings were added to the original 17th-century premises beside Church Green.[7] Wood Green School[20] was founded in 1954 and is at the top of Woodstock Road. Springfield School[21] was founded in 1967 and is a special needs school for pupils with severe learning difficulties, Springfield School senior section is a self-contained unit, with some shared facilities, within the grounds of Wood Green School. Wood Green was substantially expanded from 2000 to 2004; an additional block with 15 teaching rooms was added, together with purpose-built sixth form centre, school restaurant and new AstroTurf pitch. 2009 saw part of the old Lower School being remodelled to provide new changing and shower facilities for the AstroTurf pitch and its many users from local community sports clubs.
The King's School is independent of Oxfordshire Local Education Authority. It was founded by Oxfordshire Community Churches,[22] an evangelical Christian organisation, in 1984.[23]
Cokethorpe School is an independent secondary school, founded in 1957.
St. Mary's School beside Church Green was established in 1813. It was a Church of England primary school but in 1953 it became a Church of England controlled School for Infant children, and the Junior children transferred to the Batt School premises.[24] Witney now has two Church of England primary schools: The Batt School[25] in Corn Street and The Blake School[26] in Cogges Hill Road.
Our Lady Of Lourdes Catholic Primary School[27] is a Roman Catholic school founded in 1958.
Witney has five community primary schools: Madley Park Community Primary School,[28] Queen's Dyke Primary School,[29] Tower Hill Community Primary School,[30] West Witney Primary School[31] and Witney Community Primary School.[32]
The former Witney Technical College is now part of Abingdon and Witney College.[33] A complete rebuilding of its premises began in September 2008.
Sports
Witney United Football Club[34] first XI played in the Hellenic League Premier Division, until they dissolved during the 2012-2013 season.[35] Witney and District League[36] is a local association football league with about 32 clubs in five divisions. Witney Rugby Football Club[37] first XV plays in the RFU South West 1 East.[38] Wychwood Ladies Hockey Club, 1st play in the Trysport Hockey League Division 1 (http://www.trysportsleague.org.uk/default.aspx?id=9) & 2nd play in the Trysport League Division $ (http://www.trysportsleague.org.uk/default.aspx?id=12) And also Witney Hockey Club[39] men's first XI plays in the England Hockey Men's Conference East division[40] and its ladies' first XI plays in South Clubs' Women's Hockey League Division 3A.[41] Witney Swifts Cricket Club[42] first XI plays in Oxfordshire Cricket Association Division Three.[43] Witney Houstons Basketball Club plays in the Oxford and Chiltern League.[44]
Witney was also the home of Toleman later Benetton Formula One team hq, until the team moved to its current base, Enstone in 1992 where the team is currently under the Lotus guise.
Politics
Witney is known as a Conservative safe seat, and as such has been the constituency for both Douglas Hurd and the current leader of the Conservative Party, and Prime Minister, David Cameron. This clear party preference led to controversy when Shaun Woodward was appointed to succeed the retiring Hurd as Conservative candidate. Woodward was elected in the 1997 General Election, but switched allegiance to the Labour Party in 1999. In the 2001 General Election Woodward stood as the Labour candidate for St Helens South and David Cameron retook Witney for the Conservatives. Witney MP David Cameron became Prime Minister following an agreement to form a Coalition with the Liberal Democrats and their leader Nick Clegg in May 2010 and continues to be Prime Minister after 2015 elections in which Conservative Party gained majority.
Twinning
Witney is twinned with:
Unterhaching, Germany
Le Touquet, France
Floods
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
In July 2007 Witney saw its worst flooding in more than 50 years. Homes and businesses were evacuated and Bridge Street, a major road into the town and the only road across the Windrush, was closed. About 200 properties in central Witney were flooded, with areas around Bridge Street, Mill Street and West End the worst affected. The new and incomplete housing development Aquarius also suffered substantial flooding.
In 2008 further flooding contributed to the death of a 17-year-old boy who drowned in a culvert.[45]
Climate
Witney has a maritime climate type typical to the British Isles, with evenly spread rainfall, a narrow temperature range, and comparatively low sunshine totals. The nearest official weather station is Brize Norton, just under 4 miles to the South West.
The absolute maximum recorded was 35.4c(95.7f)[46] during August 1990, although in a typical year the warmest day should only reach 29.5c(85.1f)[47] with an average of 14.6 days[48] reporting a maximum temperature of 25.1c(77.2f) or above.
The absolute minimum is −20.7c(−5.3f),[49] recorded in January 1982. In a more typical year the annual minimum temperature should be −8.1c(17.4f),[50] although a total of 47.1 nights[51] should report an air frost.
Rainfall averages slightly under 644mm[52] per year with over 1mm of rain falling on just under 115 days[53] of the year.
Climate data for Brize Norton, elevation 88m, 1971–2000, extremes 1901– | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
25.0 (77) |
25.9 (78.6) |
32.2 (90) |
33.5 (92.3) |
34.8 (94.6) |
35.4 (95.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
27.2 (81) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.1 (61) |
35.4 (95.7) |
Average high °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
10.0 (50) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
7.6 (45.7) |
13.82 (56.87) |
Average low °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
1.1 (34) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.9 (39) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.9 (44.4) |
3.7 (38.7) |
2.3 (36.1) |
5.98 (42.77) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.7 (−5.3) |
−16.1 (3) |
−11.1 (12) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
4.4 (39.9) |
2.8 (37) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−4 (25) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−20.5 (−4.9) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 59.84 (2.3559) |
43.76 (1.7228) |
49.75 (1.9587) |
45.55 (1.7933) |
54.96 (2.1638) |
49.82 (1.9614) |
41.82 (1.6465) |
52.33 (2.0602) |
59.64 (2.348) |
61.67 (2.428) |
57.57 (2.2665) |
66.17 (2.6051) |
643.76 (25.3449) |
Source: KNMI[54] |
Media
In May 2010, WitneyTV was launched as a non-profit online broadcaster with a weekly show that features local news and upcoming events within West Oxfordshire for the benefit of the community. An archive of videos featuring local attractions, clubs, organisations and previous shows is also available.
On 30 November 2012 WitneyRadio was launched. Providing hyper-local news, music and current affairs to the people of Witney and West Oxfordshire.
Gallery
-
A view of Witney station.
Famous people
Famous people associated with Witney include:
- David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Conservative Leader, and MP for Witney in Parliament
- Patrick Steptoe, pioneer of fertility treatment and attended Henry Box School.
- Alan Dapre, children's TV show writer
- Darrell Griffin, England international rugby league player
- Douglas Hurd, formerly Conservative MP for Witney
- Martin Jones, concert pianist
- Simon King, Gillingham footballer, born in Witney and attended Henry Box School.
- Graham Leonard, 130th Bishop of London, subsequently Prelate of Honour
- Robert Llewellyn, Red Dwarf actor, author, attended Henry Box School and was expelled
- Andrew Logan, artist, born in Witney
- Gugu Mbatha-Raw, TV actor, attended Henry Box School
- David Moss, footballer, Luton Town FC, previously Swindon Town FC and Witney Town FC
- Miss Read (Dora Saint), author, lived in Witney. The town was the inspiration for the fictional "Lulling" of the Thrush Green novels.
- Shaun Woodward MP, Conservative and then Labour MP for Witney, now Labour MP for St Helens South
- Robbie Mustoe footballer Middlesbrough F.C.
- Lawson D'Ath footballer Reading F.C. on loan at Yeovil Town F.C. lived in Witney and attended Henry Box School.
- Jorge Grant footballer Nottingham Forest F.C., attended Wood Green School.
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Eilert Ekwall, Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p. 528.
- ↑ Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, pages 843–845
- ↑ Oxford Diocesan Guild of Church Bell ringers, Witney & Woodstock Branch
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, page 846
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, p. 847
- ↑ Burford Quakers Archived 7 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Sherwood & Pevsner, 1974, page 851
- ↑ The Workhouse: Witney Archived 21 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Henry Box School Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Blake School Archived 28 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Queen's Dyke Primary School Archived 27 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ West Witney Primary School Archived 1 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Hellenic League Premier Division Archived 15 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ RFU Southern Counties North division
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ South Clubs' Women's Hockey League Archived 21 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Witney Houstons Basketball
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Sources and further reading
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
- Witneypedia – Human edited Witney website similar in operation to Wikipedia
- Witney – 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- Witney Blanket Story
- Witney TV
- Witney Radio
- Witney & District Football
- Witney United Football Club
- Witney Rugby Football Club
- The Book Of Witney - by Charles and Joan Gott
- Witney & District Historical and Archaeological Society - Talks, articles and photo galleries relating to Witney and local area.
- Archival material relating to Witney listed at the UK National Archives