Y-DNA haplogroups in European populations

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Y-haplogroups in Europe

Frequencies in some ethnic groups in Europe

The table below shows the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies, for various ethnic and other notable groups from Europe. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations shown in the first two columns; the third column gives the sample size studied; and the other columns give the percentage for each particular haplogroup (ethnic groups from the North Caucasus, although technically located in Europe, are considered in their own article where they are placed alongside populations of the South Caucasus for the purpose of conserving space).

Population Language[1] n R1b R1a I  E1b1b J G N T Others Reference
Albanians IE (Albanian) 223 18.39 4.04 13 35.43 23.77 2.69 0 0.9 1.79 Sarno2015[2]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 51 17.6 9.8 19.6 21.6 23.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 — Semino2000[3]
Albanians (Kosovar) IE (Albanian) 114 21.10 4.42 I1=5.31
I2a2=2.65		 47.37 J2=16.7 0 0 0 P[xQ,R1]=1.77 Pericic2005[4]
Albanians (Tirana) IE (Albanian) 30 13.3 13.3 16.7 23.3 20.0 3.3 — — — Bosch2006[5]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 55 18.2 9.1 I1=3.6
I2a=14.5
I2b=3.6		 25.5 J1=3.6
J2a=5.5
J2b=14.5		 1.8 0.0 0.0 — Battaglia2008[6]
Albanians (Macedonia) IE (Albanian) 64 18.8 1.6 I1=4.5
I2a=12.5		 39.1 J1=6.3
J2=15.6		 1.6 0.0 0.0 — Battaglia2008[6]
Arkhangelsk (Russia) IE (Slavic), Uralic 28 0 17.9 50.0 3.6 0 0 28.6 0 0 Mirabal2009[7]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 29 65.5 0.0 — — — 0.0 0.0 6.9 L=3.4 Semino2000[3]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 103 — — 3.9 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 76 — — — 9.2 1.1 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 413 29.1 1.7 3.6 5.1 J1=10.7
J2=25.5		 9.4 0.2 8.5 Q=0.2 Herrara2012
Aromuns (Dukasi, Albania) IE (Italic) 39 2.6 2.6 17.9 17.9 48.7 10.3 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Aromuns (Andon Poci, Albania) IE (Italic) 19 36.8 0.0 42.1 15.8 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Aromuns (Kruševo, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 43 27.9 11.6 20.9 20.9 11.6 7.0 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Aromuns (Štip, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 65 23.1 21.5 16.9 18.5 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Aromuns (Romania) IE (Italic) 42 23.8 2.4 19.0 7.1 33.3 0.0 — — — Bosch2006[5]
Ashkenazi Jews IE (Germanic) 79 — 12.7 — 22.8 43.0 — — — — Nebel2001[10]
Ashkenazi Jews IE (Germanic) 442 — — 4.1 19.7 38.0 9.7 0.2 — Behar2004[11]
Austrians IE (Germanic, West) 219 32 14 — — — — — — —
Bashkirs (Perm) Altaic (Turkic) 43 86.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 2.3 0.0 — Lobov[12]
Basque Basque (Basque) 67 88.1 0.0 7.5 2.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 — Semino2000[3]
Basque Basque (Basque) 109 92.7 — — 0.9 3.7 — — 0.9 — Adams2008[13]
Bavarians IE (Germanic, West) 80 50.0 15.0 — 8.0 5.0 — 0.0 0.0 — Rosser2000[14]
Belgians IE (Germanic/Italic) 92 63.0 4.0 — 2.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 41 0.0 39.0 — 10.0 — — 2.4 — — Rosser2000[14]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 147 — — 19.0 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 68 4.4 45.6 25.0 4.4 — 1.5 8.8 — — Kharkov2005[15]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 306 4.2 51.0 — 4.6 3.3 — 9.5 — — Behar2003[16]
Bearnais IE (Italic) 26 — — 7.7 — 3.8 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Bearnais IE (Italic) 43 — — — 3.7 — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Bosniaks IE (Slavic, South) 69 1.4 24.6 42.0 10.1 0.0 — — — — Pericic2005[4]
British IE (Germanic, West) 32 68.8 9.4 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 127 11.0 17.3 27.5 19.7 18.1 1.6 — 0.8 — Karachanak2009[18]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 808 10.7 17.5 I*=0.4
I1=4.3
I2a=20.2
I2b=1.7		 22.1 J1=3.4
J2=10.5		 4.8 0.5 1.6 C=0.5
H=0.6
L=0.2
Q=0.4
R2a=0.1		 Karachanak2013[19]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 100 14.0 16.0 34.0 21.0 9.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 others H 1.0 Begoña Martinez-Cruz2012[20]
Catalans IE (Italic) 24 79.2 0.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 8.0 — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Catalans IE (Italic) 33 — — — 6.1 3.6 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Cantabrians (Pasiegos) IE (Italic) 56 — — — 42.9 — — — — — Cruciani2004[21]
Chuvashes Altaic (Turkic) 79 3.8 31.6 11.3 0 24.2 0 27.8 0 — Tambets2004[22]
Croats (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 108 15.7 34.3 37.0 5.6 1.9 0.9 — — — Pericic2005[4]
Croats (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 189 — — 38.1 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Cypriots IE (Greek) 45 9.0 2.0 — 27.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Czechs IE (Slavic, West) 257 — 34.2 18.3 5.8 4.7 5.1 1.6 — — Luca2007[23]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 45 35.6 26.7 — 2.2 — — — — — Semino2000[3]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 198 — — 13.6 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 12 41.7 16.7 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 194 — — 38.7 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 35 — — — 2.9 — — — — — Cruciani2004[21]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 27 70.4 3.7 — — — — — — — Semino2000[3]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) — — 26.7[8] 8.0[14] 0[9] — — — —
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 410 50.2 3.3 32.9 2.9 5.1 4.1 0.2 — — Barjesteh2008[24]
English (Central) IE (Germanic, West) 215 61.9 5 25 — — — — — — Weale2002[25]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 207 9.0 — — 3.0 1.0 — 40.6 — — Rosser2000[14]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 118 — 37.3 — — — — — — — Laitinen2002[26]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 210 — — 18.6 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 57 2.0 10.5 — 2.0 — — 63.2 — — Rosser2000[14]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 38 0.0 7.9 28.9 — — — 63.2 — — [22]
French IE (Italic) 23 52.2 0 17.4 8.7 4.3 0 0 0 — Semino2000[3]
French IE (Italic) 40 — — — 8.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 56.0 7.0 29.0 2.0 6.0 — — — — Wilson2001[27]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 55.3 7.4 34.0 2.1 1.4 — — — — Weale2002[25]
Gagauz (Kongaz) Altaic (Turkic) 48 10.4 12.5 31.3 16.7 8.3 10.4 4.2 6.3 — Varzari2006[28]
Gagauz (Etulia) Altaic (Turkic) 41 14.6 26.8 24.4 9.8 7.3 17.1 0.0 0.0 — Varzari2006[28]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 48 47.9 8.1 22 — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 16 50 16 22 6.2 0 0 0 0 — Semino2000[3]
Germans IE (Germanic) 1215 38.9 17.9 23.6 6.2 4.0 — 1.6 — 7.7 Kayser2005[29]
Greeks IE (Greek) 77 11.7 15.6 19.5 20.8 16.9 9.1 0.0 2.6 — Firasat2007[30]
Greeks IE (Greek) 118 22.8 8.3 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Greeks IE (Greek) 84/92 — — — 23.8 6.5 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Greeks IE (Greek) 171 13.5 11.1 15.8 31.6 19.9 4.7 — 1.8 — King2008[31]
Greeks (Crete) IE (Greek) 193 17.0 8.8 13.0 8.8 38.9 10.9 — 2.1 — King2008[31]
Greeks (Peloponnese) IE (Greek) 36 — — — 47 — — — — — Semino2004[9]
Greeks (Thrace) IE (Greek) 41 12.2 22.0 19.5 19.5 19.5 4.9 — — — Bosch2006[5]
Greeks (North) IE (Greek) 96 14.6 18.8 12.5 35.4 — 5.2 — 2.1 L=1 Zalloua2008[32]
Greeks (South) IE (Greek) 46 19.6 2.2 23.9 43.5 — 6.5 — 2.2 — Zalloua2008[32]
Greeks (Macedonia) IE (Greek) 57 14.0 12.3 I1=8.8
I2a=21.0		 22.9 J1=1.8
J2=14.1		 1.8 — 1.8 — Battaglia 2008[6]
Gypsy (Macedonia) IE (Indic) 57 1.8 1.8 5.3 29.8 1.8 0 — — H=59.6 Pericic2005[4]
Herzegovinians IE (Slavic, South) 141 3.6 12.1 63.8 8.5 0.7 — — — — Pericic2005[4]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) 215 18.1 25.6 I1=7.91
I2a=16.74
I2b=2.79
I*=0.93		 6.1 J2=6.51
J*[xJ2]=3.72		 4.2 0.47 0.0 H=5.12
R2=0.47
R1*=1.40		 Völgyi2008[33]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) 45 13.3 60.0 11.1 8.9 2.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 L=2.2 Semino2000[3]
Hungarians Uralic (Ugric) — 56.6[6] — 9.4[9] 2.0[9] 8.0[34] 1.0 — —
Icelanders IE (Germanic, North) 181 41.4 23.8 34.2 — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Irish IE (Celtic) 222 81.5 0.5 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Irish IE (Celtic) 257 — — — 2.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Italians IE (Italic) 50 62.0 — 8.0 — — 10.0 — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Italians IE (Italic) — 2.7[17] — 13.0[14] — — — — —
Italians (Calabria) IE (Italic) 32.4[3] — 5.4[8] 16.3[4] 24.6[9] — — — —
Italians (Apulia) IE (Italic) — — 2.6[8] 13.9[9] 31.4[9] — — — —
Italians (Sardinia) IE (Italic) 22.1[3] — 42.3[8] 5.0[9] 12.5[9] — — — —
Italians (Northern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 86 20.0 0.0 28.0 13.0 — 21.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Italians (Southern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 187 19.0 1.0 35.0 11.0 — 14.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Italians (North-central) IE (Italic) 62.0[3] — 0.5[8] 10.4[4] 26.9[9] — — — —
Italians (South) IE (Italic) 68 25.0 3.0 6.0 26.0 — 15.0 — 3.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Italians (Sicily) IE (Italic) — — 8.8 27.3 23.8 — — — — Semino2004[9]
Italians (East Sicily) IE (Italic) 87 20.0 2.3 5.0 29.0 — 5.0 — 5.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Italians (West Sicily) IE (Italic) 125 27.0 2.4 11.0 19.0 — 13.0 — 3.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Komi Uralic (Finnic) 94 16.0 33.0 5.3 — — — 35.1 — — [22]
Komi (Izhemsky) Uralic (Finnic) 54 0.0 29.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.5 0.0 — Mirabal2009[7]
Komi (Priluzsky) Uralic (Finnic) 49 2.0 32.7 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.2 0.0 — Mirabal2009[7]
Latvians IE (Baltic) 114 39.5 — 0.9 — — 42.1 — — Laitinen2002[26]
Latvians IE (Baltic) 34 15.0[14] 41[14] 7.0[14] — — — 32[14] — — Rosser 2000[14]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 38 5.0 — — — — — — — — [14]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 114 — 36.0 — 0.9 — — 43.0 — — Laitinen2002[26]
ethnic Macedonians IE (Slavic, South) 211 11.4 14.2 31.3 18.0 16.0 3.8 0.5 1.9 L=0.5 Noveski2010[35]
ethnic Macedonians IE (Slavic, South) 79 5.1 15.2 34.2 24.1 12.7 5.1 — — — Pericic2005[4]
Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 52 13.5 13.5 28.8 23.1 11.5 3.8 — — — Bosch2006[5]
Maltese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 187 22.0 5.0 9.0 6.0 — 9.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 111 2.7 47.7 8.1 — — — 41.4 — — [22]
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 48 10.4 29.2 — 0.0 6.3 — 50.0 — — Rosser2000[14]
Moldavians (Carahasani) IE (Italic) 72 16.7 34.7 25.0 12.5 9.7 0.0 1.4 0.0 — Varzari2006[28]
Moldavians (Sofia) IE (Italic) 54 16.7 20.4 35.2 13.0 5.6 1.9 3.7 1.9 — Varzari2006[28]
Mordvins (Erzya) Uralic (Finnic) 46 — 39.1 — — — — — — — Malaspina2003[36]
Mordvins (Moksha) Uralic (Finnic) 46 — 21.7 — — — — — — — Malaspina2003[36]
Mordvins Uralic (Finnic) 83 13.3 26.5 19.3 — — — 19.3 — — [22]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 25.9[17] 17.9[17] 40.3[8] — — — — — —
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 52 — 30.8 — 1.9 1.9 — 3.8 0.0 — Rosser2000[14]
Orcadians IE (Germanic, West) 71 66.0 19.7 — — — — — — — Wilson2001[27]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 16.4[3] 56.4[3] 17.8[8] 4.0[9] 1.0[9] — — — —
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 93 13.4 55.9 16.1 — — — 3.2 — — [22]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 913 11.6 57.0 17.3 4.5 2.5 — 3.7 — 3.3 Kayser2005[29]
Portuguese IE (Italic) 303 — — 5.3 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Portuguese (South) IE (Italic) 57 56.0 2.0 — 17.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Portuguese (North) IE (Italic) 328 62.0 0 — 11.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Romanians IE (Italic) 54 13.0 20.4 48.1 7.4 5.6 5.6 0.0 0.0 — Varzari2006[28]
Romanians IE (Italic) 361 — — 22.2 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Romanians (Constanţa) IE (Italic) 31 16.1 9.7 41.9 9.7 6.5 12.9 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Romanians (Ploieşti) IE (Italic) 36 8.3 5.6 38.9 16.7 19.4 8.3 0.0 0.0 — Bosch2006[5]
Romanians IE (Italic) 179 10.1 20.1 I1=5.6
I2a1= 17.3
Other I2= 5.0		 19.6 J1=2.2
J2a=7.3
J2b = 8.9		 2.2 0.6 0.6 Q=0.6 Martinez-Cruz 2012[20]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 122 6.6 46.7 — 6.6 4.1 — 18.0 — — Rosser2000[14]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 61 21.3 42.6 13.1 — — — 16.4 — — [22]
Russians (Kursk) IE (Slavic, East) 40 7.5 52.5 15.0 10.0 2.5 0 12.5 0 0 Mirabal2009[7]
Russians (Northern) IE (Slavic, East) 380 6.1 33.4 14.5 0.3 1.8 1.3 41.3 0.0 — Balanovsky2008[37]
Russians (Central) IE (Slavic, East) 364 7.7 47.0 16.5 5.2 3.3 0.0 17.0 0.8 — Balanovsky2008[37]
Russians (Adygea) IE (Slavic, East) 78 — — 24.4 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Bashkortostan) IE (Slavic, East) 50 — — 6.0 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Belgorod region) IE (Slavic, East) 143 2.8 59.4 16.7 — — — — — — Balanovsky[37]
Russians (Cossacks) IE (Slavic, East) 97 — — 22.7 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Kostroma region) IE (Slavic, East) 53 — — 18.9 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (North, Pinega) IE (Slavic, East) 127 — — 4.7 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Smolensk region) IE (Slavic, East) 120 — — 10.8 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Sami (Sweden) Uralic (Finnic) 38 7.9 15.8 31.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.7 0.0 — Karlsson2006[38]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) 127 3.9 11.0 — — — — 47.2 — — [22]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) — — 31.4 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Scots IE (Celtic) 750 72.5 8.5 14 — — — — — — [39]
Sephardic Jews IE (Italic) 78 29.5 3.9 11.5 19.2 28.2 — — — — Nebel2001[10]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 179 4.5 14.5 48 17.3 5.6 2.2 3.3 — L=0.6 Mirabal,V.2010[40]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 113 10.6 15.9 36.3 21.2 8 — — — — Pericic2005[4]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 103 7.8 20.4 37.9 18.4 7.8 5.8 1.9 — — Regueiro2012[41]
Serbs (Bosnia) IE (Slavic, South) 81 6.2 13.6 40.7 22.2 9.9 1.2 6.2 0.0 — Battaglia2008[6]
Slovenians IE (Slavic, South) 75 21.3 38.7 30.7 2.7 4.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 — Battaglia2008[6]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 70 — 37.1 — 7.1 5.7 — 0.0 0.0 — Rosser2000[14]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 55 — — 38.2 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Spanish IE (Italic) 126 68.0 2.0 — 10.0 — — — — — Rosser2000[14]
Ibiza islanders IE (Italic) 54 57.4 0.0 1.9 7.4 — 13.0 — 16.7 — Zalloua2008[32]
Majorca islanders IE (Italic) 62 66.1 0.0 8.1 6.2 — 6.2 — 1.6 — Zalloua2008[32]
Minorca islanders IE (Italic) 37 73.0 2.7 2.7 18.9 — 0.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Spanish (South) IE (Italic) 162 65.0 2.0 6.0 9.0 — 4.0 — 0.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Valencians IE (Italic) 73 64.0 3.0 10.0 11.0 — 1.0 — 1.0 — Zalloua2008[32]
Swedes (Northern) IE (Germanic, North) 48 22.9 18.8 — 2.1 2.1 — 8.3 — — Rosser2000[14]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 110 20.0 17.3 — — — — — — — Helgason2000[17]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 225 — — 40 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 160 13.1 24.4 37.5 1.3 0.0 — 14.4 — — Lappalainen2008[42]
Swiss IE (German/Italic) 144 — — 7.6 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]
Tatars Altaic (Turkic) 126 8.7 24.1 4.0 — — — 33.0 — — [22]
Turks (Istanbul) Altaic (Turkic) 59 11.9 20.3 6.8 13.6 30.5 8.5 3.8 1.7 — Semino2004[43]
Cinnioglu 2004[44]
Udmurt Uralic (Finnic) 87 2.3 10.3 1.1 — — — 85.1 — — [22]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 759 7.9 43.2 27.2 7.4 3.8 3 5.4 1.3 0.8 Kushniarevich2015[45]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) — — 21.9[8] 8.6[9] 7.3[9] — — — —
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 53 18.9 41.5 24.5 — 9.4 0.0 5.7 0.0 — Varzari2006[28]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 88 89.0 1.0 — 3.0 — — — — — Wilson2001[27]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 196 — — 8.1 — — — — — — Rootsi2004[8]

Frequencies in geographical Europe

Listed here are the average frequencies of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in indigenous people of geographical Europe (including only European part of Russia and Turkey).[46]

Haplogroup Total Europe Western Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe Eastern Europe
R1b 33.5% 50.5% 53.0% 41.5% 9.0%
R1a 21.0% 9.5% 9.5% 6.0% 43.5%
I2 9.5% 6.5% 6.0% 9.5% 13.5%
I1 8.5% 13.0% 18.0% 3.5% 5.5%
E1b1b 7.0% 6.0% 2.0% 12.5% 5.5%
J2 6.5% 5.0% 2.5% 13.0% 5.0%
N 5.5% 0.5% 6.5% 0.5% 12.5%
G 3.5% 5.5% 1.0% 6.0% 2.0%
T 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 2.5% 1.0%
J1 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 2.5% 0.5%
Q 1.0% 0.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.5%
Others 1.5% 1.5% 0.5% 2.0% 1.0%

Chronological development of haplogroups

Haplogroup Possible time of origin Possible place of origin Possible TMRCA[47][48]
E 50-55,000 years ago[49][50] East Africa[51] or Asia[52] 27-59,000 years ago
F 38-56,000 years ago
IJ 30-46,000 years ago
K 40-54,000 years ago
E-M215 (E1b1b) 31-46,000 years ago[53] 39-55,000 years ago
P 27-41,000 years ago
J 19-44,500 years ago[54]
R 20-34,000 years ago
I 15-30,000 years ago
R-M173 13-26,000 years ago
I-M438 28-33,000 years ago[55] 16,000-20,000 years ago
E-M35 20,000-30,000 years ago[53] 15–21,000 years ago
J-M267 15-34,000[54] years ago
R-M420 (R1a) 22,000 years ago[56] 8-10,000 years ago
R-M343 (R1b) 22,000 years ago[57] West Asia[58]
N at least 21,000 years ago (STR age)[59]
I-M253 11-21,000[60] or 28-33,000 years ago[55] 3-5,000 years ago
J-M172 15,000-22,000[54] years ago 19-24,000 years ago[61]
E-M78 15-20,000[53] or 17,500-20,000 years ago[62] Northeast Africa[62] at least 17,000 years ago[62]
E-V12 12,500-18,000 years ago[62]
R-M17 13 ,000[56] or 18,000 years ago[63] India
I-L460 present 13,000 years ago[64]
I-M223 11-18,000 years ago[60]
E-V13 7-17,000 years ago[62] West Asia[62] 4,000-4,700 years ago (Europe)
6,800-17,000 years ago (Asia)[62]
R-Z280 11-14,000 years ago[65]
N-M46 at least 12,000 years ago (STR age)[66]
R-M458 11,000 years ago[67]
I-P37 6-16,000,[60] present 10,000 years ago[68]
I-M423 present 10,000 years ago[68]
I-M26 2-17,000,[60] present 8,000 years ago[68]
R-M269 5,500-8,000 years ago[69]
R-L11, R-S116 3-5,000 years ago

See also

References

  1. ↑ IE = Indo-European
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Ornella Semino et al 2000, The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pericic2005" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[page needed]
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lobov. Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.20 14.21 14.22 14.23 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ S.Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani, L.A.F. Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn, A.W.J.M. van Gestel en F.X. Plooij, Zonen van Adam in Nederland. Genetische genealogie: een zoektocht in ons DNA-archief, Rotterdam en Gronsveld 2008
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 Alexander Varzari, Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms (2006)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ 32.00 32.01 32.02 32.03 32.04 32.05 32.06 32.07 32.08 32.09 32.10 32.11 32.12 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Hungarian Bukovina DNA Project
  35. ↑ Noveski et al 2010, Y CHROMOSOME SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS TYPING BY SNaPshot MINISEQUENCING
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Malaspina et al. (2003).
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ T. Lappalainen, V. Laitinen, E. Salmela et al., "Migration Waves to the Baltic Sea Region," Annals of Human Genetics (2008).
  43. ↑ Sanchez, Juan J; Hallenberg, Charlotte; Børsting, Claus; Hernandez, Alexis; Morling, Niels (2005). "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males". European Journal of Human Genetics 13 (7): 856–66.
  44. ↑ http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/HG_2004_v114_p127-148.pdf
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Distribution of European Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups by country in percentage
  47. ↑ TMRCA
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans, Nature 505, 87–91 (02 January 2014)
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 Trombetta et al. 2015, Phylogeographic refinement and large scale genotyping of human Y chromosome haplogroup E provide new insights into the dispersal of early pastoralists in the African continent
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Semino et al 2004[1]
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 P.A. Underhill, N.M. Myres, S. Rootsi, C.T. Chow, A.A. Lin, R.P. Otillar, R. King, L.A. Zhivotovsky, O. Balanovsky, A. Pshenichnov, K.H. Ritchie, L.L. Cavalli-Sforza, T. Kivisild, R. Villems, S.R. Woodward, New Phylogenetic Relationships for Y-chromosome Haplogroup I: Reappraising its Phylogeography and Prehistory, in P. Mellars, K. Boyle, O. Bar-Yosef and C. Stringer (eds.), Rethinking the Human Evolution (2007), pp. pp. 33-42.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Sharma et al
  57. ↑ ftDNA
  58. ↑ Myres2010
  59. ↑ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066102
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 62.5 62.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Also see Supplementary Data
  63. ↑ [ https://books.google.com/books?id=3QYRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT7&lpg=PT7&dq=r1a1+age&source=bl&ots=rnNgdeyfqa&sig=u4UdzEFjIJvd78mpb0BS609wnq4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjuyZj64sDMAhXFEywKHSdWAxUQ6AEIWDAJ#v=onepage&q=r1a1%20age&f=false]
  64. ↑ [2]
  65. ↑ Underhill et al
  66. ↑ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066102
  67. ↑ Underhill et al
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 http://www.ancestraljourneys.org/mesolithicdna.shtml
  69. ↑ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0021592

External links

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