Zaječar

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Zaječar
Зајечар
Saitchar
City
Zajecar centar.jpg
Coat of arms of Zaječar
Coat of arms
Location of the municipality of Zaječar within Serbia
Location of the municipality of Zaječar within Serbia
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country  Serbia
District Zaječar
Settlements 41
Government
 • Mayor Velimir Ognjanović (SNS)
Area[1]
 • Municipality 1,069 km2 (413 sq mi)
Population (2011 census)[2]
 • Town 43,860
 • Municipality 59,461
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 19000
Area code +381 19
Car plates ZA
Website www.zajecar.info

Zaječar (Serbian Cyrillic: Зајечар pronounced [zâjɛtʃar], Romanian: Zaicear) is a city in the eastern part of Serbia. According to the 2011 census the town has a population of 59,461, and its coordinates are 43.91° North, 22.30° East. Zaječar has a number of primary and secondary schools as well as the first private college established in Serbia, the Faculty of Management Megatrend University. Zaječar is widely known for its rock music festival Gitarijada which has existed for more than 40 years and for the festival dedicated to contemporary art, ZALET. It is the administrative center of the Zaječar District and a main town in the Timočka Krajina region.

Name

In Serbian, the town is known as Zaječar (Зајечар); in Romanian as Zăiicer (archaic name), Zăiceri, Zăicear or Zăiceari; in Macedonian as Заечар and in Bulgarian as Зайчар (Zajčar).

The origin of the name is from the Torlak dialect name for "hare" = zajec / зајец (in all other Serbian dialects it is zec / зец, while in Bulgarian it is "заек / zaek"). It means "the man who breeds and keeps hares".

Folk etymology in Romanian/Vlach, gives "Zāiicer" as meaning "the Gods are asking (for sacrifice)".

Early renderings of the town in English favoured Saitchar.

Settlements

Aside from the city of Zaječar, the municipality includes the following settlements:

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History

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Ancient

Three Roman Emperors were born in the municipality of Zaječar: Galerius (r. 293–311), Maximinus (r. 305–312) and Licinius (r. 308–324).

Felix Romuliana.

The Late Roman fortified palace compound and memorial complex of Gamzigrad-Romuliana at the outskirts of Zaječar was commissioned by Emperor Caius Valerius Galerius Maximianus, in the late 3rd and early 4th century. It was known as Felix Romuliana, named after the Emperor's mother Romula. The site consists of fortifications, the palace in the north-western part of the complex, basilicas, temples, hot baths, memorial complex, and a tetrapylon. The site offers a unique testimony of the Roman building tradition marked by the ideology of the period of the Second Tetrachy. The group of buildings is also unique in its intertwining of ceremonial and memorial functions. The relation between two spatial ensembles in this site is stressed by the tetrapylon which is placed on the crossroads between the worldly fortification and palace on the one side and the other-worldly mausoleums and consecration monuments on the other.

Middle Ages

Slavs entered the region during the 7th century, and the tribe living in the area was called Timočani. During the Middle Ages, the area of Zaječar was contested between Bulgaria, Hungary and Serbia. It finally fell under Ottoman rule during the first half of the 15th century. The oldest preserved rendering of Zaječar listed in an Ottoman defter dates from 1466. At the time, there were only eight extended families (zadrugas) living there.

Modern

In the First Serbian Uprising, Hajduk Veljko Petrović liberated the area from Ottoman rule in 1806. It was retaken by the Ottomans in 1813, and was acceded to Serbia in 1833. The population of the city and nearby area was largely Bulgarian, which was also recognized by Serbian ethnographer Milan Đ. Milićević. It actively participated in the Serbo-Turkish War of 1876-1878. In 1883, it was partially engulfed in the famous Timok Uprising caused by a government order to confiscate the firearms held by peasants and by a law replacing the militia with a standing army. The uprising also aimed at seceding the city and incorporating it into the newly found Bulgarian kingdom, but was ultimately drowned in blood.[3]

It was occupied by Bulgaria during WWI from 1915-1918. From 1929 to 1941, Zaječar was part of the Morava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During WWII, the city was occupied by the German army on 14 April 1941 and administered as part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia from 22 April 1941. Zaječar was liberated on 7–8 October 1944 in a joint operation by the Yugoslav Partisans and the Red Army.[4]

Culture

Sport

Zaječar hosted 2006 Serbian triathlon championship. The city has two sport-recreation centers, "Popova plaža" and "SRC Kraljevica" home of ŽRK Zaječar, while a third, "Kotlujevac", is under reconstruction.

Theater

Zaječar is a home of theater "Zoran Radmilović" built 2 February 1947 by the name "Oblasno narodno pozorište". The first play ever performed in the new theater was "Žita cvetaju". Theater is being renamed during its 45th (1992) bithday into "Zoran Radmilović" to celebrate a famous and beloved actor who was born there. Every year, this theater is a home of art festival "Dani Zorana Radmilovića".[5]

ZA*73T

The Festival of Contemporary Art ZALET (stylised as ZA*73T) organizes manifestations, such as exhibitions, concerts, literary evenings and experimental theater, with innovative and progressive aspects of artistic expressions: performance, art comics, low-fi video, video-art, conceptual art, the synthesis of fine and conceptual arts.

Gitarijada

Gitarijada (Serbian Cyrillic: Гитаријада, trans. Guitar fest) is a musical festival held during summer in order to promote demo bands. Held since 1969, Gitarijada is one of the longest-lasting festivals in Serbia and in South Eastern Europe. Festival started its life in Zaječar during 1970. Some of notable bands from Serbia such as Bjesovi & Galija were winners on Gitarijada during '80s and '90s. The program of Gitarijada fest has a few parts. Demo battles as a main, performances of famous artists and art exhibitions surrounding themes like rock, blues, metal and similar. So far, Gitarijada has reached its 44th birthday and it is considered to be the biggest rock festival in South Eastern Europe.

Education

Elementary schools

  • OŠ "Desanka Maksimović"
  • OŠ "Ljuba Nešić"
  • OŠ "Djura Jakšić"
  • OŠ "Ljubica Radosavljević Nada"
  • OŠ "Hajduk Veljko"
  • OŠ "Vladislav Petković Dis"
  • OŠ "Vuk Karadžić"
  • OŠ "Jeremija Ilić Jegor"
  • OŠ "Dositej Obradović"
  • OŠ "15.maj"
  • OŠ "Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj"

High schools

  • Gymnasium (since 1836)
  • Medical Assistant/Nurse high school
  • Technical high school
  • Business Assistant and Accountancy high school
  • Machine technician high school
  • Secondary Music School

University education

The city is the seat of the Megatrend University Faculty of Management; Business School of Management.

Climate

Climate data for Zaječar (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4)		 25.1
(77.2)		 28.4
(83.1)		 34.2
(93.6)		 35.7
(96.3)		 40.4
(104.7)		 44.7
(112.5)		 41.7
(107.1)		 38.4
(101.1)		 32.3
(90.1)		 28.4
(83.1)		 24.6
(76.3)		 44.7
(112.5)
Average high °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5)		 7.0
(44.6)		 12.1
(53.8)		 18.1
(64.6)		 23.6
(74.5)		 27.3
(81.1)		 29.7
(85.5)		 29.6
(85.3)		 24.4
(75.9)		 17.8
(64)		 10.0
(50)		 5.1
(41.2)		 17.4
(63.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6)		 1.2
(34.2)		 5.9
(42.6)		 11.4
(52.5)		 16.8
(62.2)		 20.4
(68.7)		 22.4
(72.3)		 21.7
(71.1)		 16.6
(61.9)		 10.8
(51.4)		 4.8
(40.6)		 0.7
(33.3)		 11.0
(51.8)
Average low °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 0.3
(32.5)		 4.7
(40.5)		 9.5
(49.1)		 12.7
(54.9)		 14.2
(57.6)		 13.9
(57)		 9.9
(49.8)		 5.4
(41.7)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −2.9
(26.8)		 5.1
(41.2)
Record low °C (°F) −29.0
(−20.2)		 −23.5
(−10.3)		 −17.5
(0.5)		 −6.5
(20.3)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 2.9
(37.2)		 5.0
(41)		 5.1
(41.2)		 0.0
(32)		 −8.8
(16.2)		 −15.4
(4.3)		 −22.2
(−8)		 −29.0
(−20.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.4
(1.512)		 39.8
(1.567)		 40.6
(1.598)		 53.2
(2.094)		 52.5
(2.067)		 58.1
(2.287)		 56.3
(2.217)		 43.9
(1.728)		 44.3
(1.744)		 48.0
(1.89)		 52.3
(2.059)		 54.0
(2.126)		 581.4
(22.89)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 11 10 11 12 12 10 8 7 8 9 11 12 122
Average relative humidity (%) 79 75 71 69 69 68 64 66 71 78 81 82 73
Mean monthly sunshine hours 71.7 92.2 129.3 165.7 223.4 254.1 286.5 266.4 188.0 125.8 72.9 55.9 1,932
Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[6]

Demographics

Park and monument

Ethnic groups in the municipality

In 2011 census, the population of city of Zaječar numbered 59,461 people, and was composed of:

In 2011, the city of Zaječar has a population of 59,461 people, and the town has 42,916. The city has grown quickly in the last five years, and has an urban area of over 50 km².

Population through history

  • 1948 - 11,861
  • 1953 - 14,489
  • 1961 - 18,690
  • 1971 - 27,599
  • 1981 - 36,958
  • 1991 - 39,958
  • 2002 - 49,491
  • 2011 - 59,461

Twin cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia

Zaječar is twinned with:

Notable citizens

The people listed below were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with the city of Zaječar area.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Павлов, Тихомир, "Българите в Моравско и Тимошко", София, 1931 г.
  4. ↑ http://www.zajecar.info/srb/index.php/o-zajecaru/zajear-kroz-istoriju
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Sources

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