Zirconium(III) chloride
| 3D model of zirconium(III) chloride | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Zirconium trichloride
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| Identifiers | |
10241-03-9  |
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| ChemSpider | 127679  |
| Jmol 3D model | Interactive image |
| PubChem | 144719 |
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| Properties | |
| Cl3Zr | |
| Molar mass | 197.57 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Blue-black crystals |
| Density | 3.05 g/cm3[1] |
| Melting point | 627 °C (1,161 °F; 900 K) at 760 mmHg[1] |
| Reacts[1] | |
| Solubility | Soluble in phenyls, CS2 |
| Structure | |
| Hexagonal, hP6[2] | |
| P63/mcm, No. 193[2] | |
| 6/m 2/m 2/m[2] | |
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a = 6.36 Å, c = 6.14 Å[2]
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
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| Thermochemistry | |
| 96.21 J/mol·K[3] | |
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Std molar
entropy (S |
145.79 J/mol·K[3] |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−714.21 kJ/mol[3] |
| Vapor pressure | {{{value}}} |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 verify (what is ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Zirconium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with formula ZrCl3. It is a blue-black solid that is highly sensitive to air.
Preparation
The material was first claimed by Ruff and Wallstein who reduced zirconium tetrachloride with aluminium to give impure samples.[4] Subsequently, the problem with aluminium contamination was solved when it was prepared by reduction using zirconium metal:[5]
- Zr + 3 ZrCl4 → 4 ZrCl3
When aluminium is used as the reducing agent with zirconium tetrachloride, a series of choloroaluminates are formed, for example [Zr(AlCl4)2(AlCl4)2] and Zr(AlCl4)3.[6]
Since the trihalides, such as zirconium trichloride, are comparatively nonvolatile, contamination can be avoided by using a gaseous reductant. For example, zirconium trichloride can be prepared by reduction of zirconium tetrachloride with hydrogen.[7]
- ZrCl4 + ½ H2 → ZrCl3 + HCl
Structure
Some zirconium halides (ZrCl3, ZrBr3, and ZrI3) have structures similar to HfI3. They also have similar space group (P63/mcm) and hexagonal structure with 2 molecules in the cell.[2] The magnetic susceptibility of zirconium trichloride suggests metal-metal interactions of the unpaired electron on each Zr(III) center. The magnetic moment of ZrCl3 (0.4 BM) indicates considerable overlap of metal orbitals.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Zirconium chloride in Linstrom, P.J.; Mallard, W.G. (eds.) NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD. http://webbook.nist.gov (retrieved 2014-06-23)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wells, A.F. Structural Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford Science Publications, 1975, 5th ed, 417-420.
