Maxime Bernier

The Honourable Maxime Bernier PC
File:Maxime Bernier in 2017.jpg Bernier in July 2017
Leader of the People's Party
Incumbent
Assumed office September 14, 2018
Preceded by	Office established
Minister of State (Small Business and Tourism, and Agriculture)
In office May 18, 2011 – November 4, 2015
Prime Minister	Stephen Harper
Preceded by	Rob Moore
Succeeded by	Bardish Chagger
Chair of the National Defence Select Committee
In office March 9, 2009 – June 20, 2011
Preceded by	Rick Casson
Succeeded by	James Bezan
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office August 13, 2007 – May 26, 2008
Prime Minister	Stephen Harper
Preceded by	Peter MacKay
Succeeded by	David Emerson
Minister of Industry Registrar General of Canada
In office February 6, 2006 – August 13, 2007
Prime Minister	Stephen Harper
Preceded by	David Emerson
Succeeded by	Jim Prentice
Member of the Canadian Parliament for Beauce
In office January 23, 2006 – October 21, 2019
Preceded by	Claude Drouin
Succeeded by	Richard Lehoux
Personal details
Born	(1963-01-18) January 18, 1963 Saint-Georges, Quebec, Canada
Political party	People's Party
Other political affiliations	Conservative (until 2018)
Spouse(s)	Caroline Chauvin (m. 1991; div. 2005) Catherine Letarte (m. 2019)
Parents	Gilles Bernier (father) Doris Rodrigue (mother)
Residence	Saint-Georges, Quebec, Canada
Education	Université du Québec à Montréal (B.Com.) University of Ottawa (LL.B.)
Profession	Author, businessman, consultant, lawyer

Maxime Bernier PC (born January 18, 1963) is a Canadian businessman, lawyer and politician who served as a cabinet minister of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, and as Member of Parliament (MP) for Beauce from 2006 to 2019. He is the founding and current leader of the People's Party of Canada (PPC).

Prior to entering politics, Bernier held positions in the fields of law, finance and banking. He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons as a Conservative in the 2006 election in the same riding his father, Gilles Bernier, had represented from 1984 to 1997. Bernier served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Stephen Harper as Minister of Industry, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of State for Small Business and Tourism, which later became the Minister of State for Small Business and Tourism and Agriculture. Following the Conservatives' defeat in the 2015 election, he served as opposition critic for Innovation, Science and Economic Development in the shadow cabinets of Rona Ambrose and Andrew Scheer, until June 12, 2018.

Bernier ran for the Conservative Party leadership in the 2017 leadership election. After leading eventual winner Andrew Scheer through 12 rounds of voting, he came in second with over 49% of the vote in the 13th round. Fifteen months later, in August 2018, Bernier resigned from the Conservative Party to create his own party, the right-wing populist PPC, citing disagreements with Scheer's leadership. He lost his seat in the 2019 election to Conservative Richard Lehoux, ending all parliamentary representation of the PPC. Bernier later ran in the by-election for York Centre in October 2020, but lost the race to Ya'ara Saks with 3.56% of the vote.

Bernier has taken libertarian positions on issues, such as opposing supply management in the Canadian dairy industry and government subsidies for arenas. He has expressed anti-immigration views and rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he opposed mandatory vaccinations, public health measures and attended many anti-lockdown protests; he was arrested for violating public health orders at a gathering in Manitoba.

Early life and family

Bernier was born in Saint-Georges, Quebec, the son of Doris (Rodrigue) and Gilles Bernier, a well known radio host, who represented the riding of Beauce from 1984 to 1997, first as a Progressive Conservative and then as an independent. In a 2010 interview with John Geddes, Bernier said he respects his father as a Mulroney-era politician, but tries not to emulate his style. Bernier has stated that his views were shaped from his upbringing in Beauce to his life experiences. He is the second oldest child and has two sisters, Brigitte and Caroline, and a brother, Gilles Jr. In his teens, Bernier played football as a member of the Condors, the team of the Séminaire St-Georges, that won the Bol d'Or in 1980 at the Olympic Stadium.

Education and career before politics

Bernier obtained a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the Université du Québec à Montréal, completed his law degree at the University of Ottawa and was called to the Quebec Bar in 1990, of which he is still a member. For 19 years, Bernier held positions in law, several financial and banking fields, such as working as a lawyer at McCarthy Tétrault, rising up to become branch manager at the National Bank, the office of the Securities Commission of Québec as Director of Corporate and International Relations, an adviser (handling fiscal reform) from 1996 to 1998 in the office of Bernard Landry—Quebec's finance minister and Deputy Premier of Quebec at the time—and Standard Life of Canada as the Vice-President of Corporate Affairs and Communication. He also served as Executive Vice-President of the Montreal Economic Institute, a Quebec free-market think tank, where he authored a book on tax reform.

Political career

In 2005, Bernier became the Conservative Party candidate for the riding of Beauce for the 2006 federal election. Stephen Harper had asked his father to re-enter politics, and the latter advised Harper that his son should run instead of him. Bernier won handily, taking 67% of the popular vote, the largest majority for a Conservative politician outside of Alberta. His ties to the riding and his support for provincial jurisdictions (which earned him an endorsement from former Social Credit party leader Fabien Roy) were factors in his win. Some political pundits believed Bernier's ideas led to the unexpected Conservative breakthrough in Quebec during the election.

Minister of Industry (2006)

Bernier was one of the higher-profile freshman MPs from Quebec, and as such, on February 6, 2006, was appointed Minister of Industry and minister responsible for Statistics Canada, and by virtue of being appointed as the Minister of Industry, he also served as the Registrar General. During his time as Industry Minister, Bernier set in motion steps that led to reformation of the telecommunications industry, particularly on local phone service. Professor Richard J. Schultz from McGill University lauded his attempt to deregulate the telecommunications industry, calling him "the best Industry Minister in 30 years, without challenge". James Cowan from Canadian Business, called Bernier's tenure "a golden age" for Canadian business policy.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (2007)

File:The Canadian Foreign Minister, Mr.Maxime Bernier meeting with the Union Minister of External Affairs, Shri Pranab Mukherjee, in New Delhi on January 12, 2008.jpg

Bernier as Minister of Foreign Affairs with Pranab Mukherjee, Minister of External Affairs for India, 2008

On August 14, 2007, Bernier was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs, replacing Peter MacKay, who became the Minister of National Defence. The rumour is that appointment had to do with preventing Bernier from pushing his personal views such as opposing corporate welfare farther as industry minister. During the beginning of his tenure, Bernier's personality and charm received praise among foreign dignitaries.

In May 2008, it was revealed that, one month earlier, Bernier inadvertently left a confidential briefing book at the home of his girlfriend at the time, Julie Couillard. While Prime Minister Stephen Harper originally defended Bernier, he ultimately accepted his resignation on May 26, 2008, saying "It's only this error. It's a very serious error for any minister. The minister immediately recognized the gravity of that error." Bernier explained that the incident made him rethink his political career and that he would avoid taking government information out of his parliamentary office in future.

Recalling his tenure as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bernier felt unsatisfied due to the Prime Minister's Office controlling the portfolio, making it harder for him to implement his views into Canadian foreign policy.

Backbench (2008–2011)

Six days before the 2008 election, Couillard released a book which was supposed to reveal his confidential opinions such as his personal objection to Canadian involvement in the Iraq War. The English version peaked at No. 6 on La Presse's bestseller list while the French version reached No. 5. However, the book was viewed negatively by some of Bernier's constituents. He was reelected with 62% of votes, and was made chair for the National Defense Select Committee.

In 2009, Bernier decided to start a blog and spent the next four years travelling across the country to discuss political issues. Bernier's speeches were criticized by Jean-Pierre Blackburn, Raymond Blanchard and Tom Mulcair, but praised by Andrew Coyne, Warren Kinsella, and André Pratte.

In September 2010, after Bernier's Quebec colleagues pushed for the federal government to invest $175 million in the Videotron Centre in Quebec City, Bernier expressed opposition to the proposed project and a feasibility study by Ernst & Young, stating that the proposal made little financial sense. The government later decided against the investment. When recalling about that decision, he revealed that his colleagues were furious at him because they wanted to use the investment to "Buy votes".

It had been rumoured that Conservative Party insiders wanted Bernier to take over as leader of the Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) party if Stephen Harper's preferred choice, Mario Dumont, became Quebec lieutenant, and that Bernier was considering a leadership run. In 2009, there was a movement to draft Bernier for the leadership of the ADQ. Bernier called the attention flattering, but declined to run.

Minister of State (2011–2015)

On May 18, 2011, Bernier was appointed as Minister of State (Small Business and Tourism), a junior ministerial post. Bernier did not enjoy being bound by the principle of cabinet solidarity, and disliked being named to a minor department, but accepted the role out of deference to his colleagues and to regain credibility via a return to the cabinet. Bernier later said he also accepted the position because he had felt he did not accomplish enough in his career and expressed a desire to end the budget deficit.

His responsibilities were expanded with his appointment on July 15, 2013, as Minister of State (Small Business, Tourism, and Agriculture). During this time, he led the Red Tape Reduction Commission, which created a rule that for every regulation added another one has to be cut.

In opposition (2015–2019)

On November 20, 2015, Bernier was appointed by interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose as Critic for Economic Development and Innovation. He resigned on April 7, 2016 to run in the Conservative Party's leadership election.

In March 2016, Bernier introduced a motion to require Bombardier executives to testify to the Industry Committee to explain the reasoning for the federal government to bail them out. Bernier argued that Bombardier should restructure itself rather than seek public funds. Justin Trudeau's Liberal government blocked Bernier's motion.

Campaign for the Conservative leadership

At a conservative conference in March 2016, Bernier said that China has "less government and more freedom" than Canada; a video of the speech was later circulated by the Broadbent Institute's Press Progress. Bernier said that he was referring to economic freedom, not political freedom, and said that his remarks should not be construed to suggest that he supported Chinese dictatorship.

On April 7, 2016, Bernier filed his nomination to be a candidate in the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, saying that he was running to promote his views and ideas on four principles: freedom, responsibility, fairness, and respect.

In May 2016, Bernier broke from his Conservative colleagues on supply management, the Canadian agricultural system in which a form of insurance is granted to farmers. He said that there was no way to reconcile the Canadian system with his "free-market principles".

After the Conservative Party decided to remove the traditional definition of marriage from their constitution, Bernier was one of few leadership contenders to march in the Toronto Pride Parade.

Bernier achieved unexpectedly high levels of support, finishing a close second in the 13th and final round of voting on May 27, 2017, taking 49.05% of the vote to Andrew Scheer's 50.95%. A few days after the results, Michael Chong, another leadership candidate, argued that both his and Bernier's campaigns represented "real change, significant change" to the party but felt they wanted the status quo.

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Bernier with Andrew Scheer in Ottawa, several days after the Conservative leadership election concluded, 2017

Reactions from pundits

Nathan Giede of the Prince George Citizen wrote that Bernier was "the living reincarnation of all Laurier's good ideas and Dief the Chief's pan-Canadian optimism". In the Times Colonist, Bernier stated, "They can call me a fiscal conservative, they can call me a conservative who believes in freedom, they can call me reasonable libertarian, call me anything you want—call me Max, call me Maxime, call me 'Mad Max'." Occasionally, he displayed a sense of humor which helped him gain voters' attention. William Watson argued in the National Post that although some of Bernier's policies were reflective of the role "rugged individualism" played in Canada's past, and may have played a role in his loss, they could also affect Canada's future. Stanley Hartt, former Chief of Staff to Brian Mulroney, found Scheer's victory not "stirring" and suggested that Scheer should have taken ideas from Bernier's economic platform, which Hartt praised.

Post-leadership campaign

On August 31, 2017, Bernier was reappointed critic for Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada by Andrew Scheer.

After it was revealed that the 2015 Conservative campaign team knew about sexual assault allegations against former Conservative MP Rick Dykstra, on January 31, 2018, Bernier publicly demanded answers as he was heading towards a caucus meeting into the handling of the nomination as did Conservative MP Brad Trost, who tweeted in favor of Bernier statement. After the meetings, Scheer reversed his previous decision. and called for a third-party investigation.

Bernier intended to publish a book, Doing Politics Differently: My Vision for Canada. In April 2018 he pre-released a chapter on his publisher's website explaining why he made the abolition of Canada's supply management system an issue during the leadership campaign. The chapter referred to Quebec's dairy farmer lobby as "fake Conservatives" because they opposed his abolition of the supply management policy and supported Scheer's candidacy. However, in deference to his Conservative colleagues who saw the chapter as an attack on the Scheer, Bernier agreed to postpone publication of the book indefinitely for the sake of party unity, while also saying that the book was not about his leadership campaign, but about important ideas. He later told the Toronto Star in an email that he defended his comments and that the book would someday be published.

On June 12, 2018, Scheer dismissed Bernier from the Official Opposition shadow cabinet, saying that Bernier had violated his pledge to delay publication of the book by posting the chapter on his website on June 5, after it had been removed by from the publisher's website. Bernier denied that he broke the pledge, saying that the published excerpts had previously been publicly released on his publisher's website. During an At Issue panel after Bernier's demotion, Chantal Hebert was critical of Bernier decision to publish the chapter, Coyne found Bernier to be a victim of "a political setup" and Paul Wells thought Scheer was being "paranoid". On June 15, Bernier stated in an interview that he believed his stance on supply management was the real reason behind his dismissal, not his decision to post the chapter.

In a series of Twitter posts in August 2018, Bernier garnered attention for criticizing Prime Minister Trudeau's comments about "diversity is our strength". He later tweeted that naming a park in Winnipeg after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was an example of "extreme multiculturalism". The tweets were broadly seen as divisive and inflammatory with calls for him to be reprimanded or removed from caucus such as John Ivison; However, Conservative leader Andrew Scheer stated Bernier "speaks for himself" amid calls for Bernier to be expelled from the party's caucus. Scheer later claimed that he did not use identity politics to gain support; which Bernier issued a series of tweets counter-arguing the point. Others such as Mathieu Bock-Côté, Lise Ravary and Neil Macdonald defended his comments by writing op-eds to counter arguing critics. While, Tom Walkom, Deborah Levy and Andre Valiquette found his critique common within mainstream Quebec. In his resignation speech, Bernier, had an issues with Scheer's response, and later clarified that he wanted to have a conversation about "ethnic division". When asked about his tweets by Question Period, he responded by stating "Instead of always promoting the diversity in our country, why not promote what unites us. That's the most important." Commentator Colby Cosh later wrote that Bernier had previously praised ethnic diversity, while also "objecting to its elevation to cult status".

Formation of People's Party of Canada

Main article: People's Party of Canada

File:PPC-logo-en.png

Logo of the PPC

On August 23, 2018, Bernier announced that he was leaving the Conservative Party with the intention of founding a new political party. He held a press conference at which he declared that the Conservative Party was "too intellectually and morally corrupt to be reformed", and was afraid to address important issues or articulate a coherent philosophy.

Bernier's departure was criticized by former Conservative Prime Ministers Stephen Harper and Brian Mulroney. Harper suggested that Bernier was a sore loser, while Mulroney said that Bernier's creation of a new party would split the vote and make it more likely that Trudeau's Liberals would win the 2019 election. Conversely, Bernier's decision was praised as courageous by columnist Christie Blatchford. In a National Post op-ed, Bernier stated that his establishment of a new party aimed to reverse what he called a "public choice dynamic" in Canadian politics, that led to vote-buying and "pandering" by the main political parties.

On September 14, 2018, Bernier announced the creation of the People's Party of Canada, saying the party would advocate for "smart populism", which Bernier defined as policies based on principles of freedom, responsibility, fairness, and respect. Bernier positioned the People's Party to the right of the Conservative Party; the party has been variously described as conservative, libertarian, right-wing populist, classical liberal, far-right, and alt-right. In December 2018, some of its founding members were shown to have ties to American white nationalist and anti-immigrant groups. The party later told Le Devoir that they did not have enough resources to vet them at the beginning of the PPC's formation.

2019 federal election

Campaigning in advance of the 2019 Canadian federal election, Bernier and his chief strategist, Martin Masse, aligned the People's Party with the anti-immigrant European New Right. Bernier called for steep cuts to immigration to Canada and criticized multiculturalism, his focus on issues like cutting immigration marking a change in his public profile that contrasted with his earlier focus (while in the Conservative Party) on free-market, libertarian stances, such as telecom monopolies and deregulation. Bernier also proposed reductions in federal income tax, called for a reduction of the federal role in healthcare and the replacement of the Canada Health Transfer, and proposed the replacement of the Indian Act. He was the only leader of a party represented in the House of Commons to reject the scientific consensus on climate change. He said he would do "nothing" to deal with climate change, and that Canada should withdraw from the Paris Agreement on carbon emissions.

In the election in October 2019, Bernier was challenged for his seat in Beauce by Conservative candidate Richard Lehoux, a fourth-generation dairy farmer and past president of the Fédération Québécoise des Municipalités. He lost over 20 percent of his vote from 2015, finishing with 28.3% to Lehoux's 38.6%, with the Bloc Québecois and Liberals finishing a distant third and fourth, respectively. Nationally, Bernier was the only PPC candidate to come within sight of being elected; no other candidate won more than six percent of the vote, and the party as a whole won only 1.6% of the popular vote.

Since December 2019

Upon the December 2019 resignation of Scheer from Conservative Party leadership, Bernier stated he would not be interested in returning to the Conservative Party. In January 2020 he announced an upcoming TV series with the English title The Max Bernier Show and French title Les nouvelles de Maxime. In February, he launched a lawsuit alleging defamation against Warren Kinsella for running an astroturfing campaign against him on behalf of the Conservative Party of Canada.

Bernier announced his intention to run in a by-election when seats became vacant from the resignations of Bill Morneau and Michael Levitt over the summer of 2020. He confirmed his candidacy for Levitt's former Toronto riding of York Centre shortly after the date of the October 26, 2020 by-election was announced. He finished fourth with 642 votes (3.56%).

COVID-19 pandemic

Bernier is strongly critical of public health measures undertaken to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, having travelled to anti-lockdown protests throughout the country in 2021. On April 17, he spoke in front of several hundred people in Barrie, Ontario; his plan to attend was criticized by mayor Jeff Lehman as "shameful". He and MPP Randy Hillier were both ticketed for their participation in a rally in Peterborough on April 24 for violating the Reopening Ontario Act. The day before, they had been told not to attend by mayor Dianne Therrien, who tweeted "the travelling clown convention isn't welcome here".

He attended a protest in Montreal on May 2. The crowd was large enough that it closed the mass vaccination clinic at the Olympic Stadium, where the protest began. He spoke along with Chris Sky in Regina, Saskatchewan on May 8, and received a $2800 ticket. In Waterloo, Ontario, he and several other PPC candidates from neighbouring regions spoke at a rally on June 6. Waterloo's mayor, Dave Jaworsky, described their attendance as a political campaign rally that was "beyond shocking" during a pandemic. Bernier was arrested and fined by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) on June 11 in St-Pierre-Jolys, Manitoba after attending a rally against COVID-19 restrictions, which was itself in violation of health restrictions. He paid $1000 bail, cancelled the remainder of his tour in Manitoba, and returned to Montreal the next day.

On August 1, 2021, Bernier said in a video posted on Twitter that he would not receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

Personal life

Bernier is the father of two teenage daughters. Since 2010, he has been in a relationship with Catherine Letarte, a National Ballet School-trained ballerina, who worked for a women's shelter and currently runs a community centre for adults living with mental health issues. Bernier and Letarte married in the summer of 2019. Bernier is fond of quoting James M. Buchanan, Friedrich Hayek, and Henry Hazlitt and been known as "Mad Max", the "Bloc-buster", or the "Albertan from Quebec" by his Ottawa colleagues.

In September 2013, Bernier trained for and ran an ultramarathon across his riding to raise funds for a local food bank. In 2014, Bernier participated in the Rodeo de Cochons after being challenged by a local mayor.

Works

• Doing Well and Doing Better: Health Services Provided to Canadian Forces Personnel with an Emphasis on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder : Report of the Standing Committee on National Defence
• Canada's Arctic Sovereignty: Report of the Standing Committee on National Defence
• Doing Politics Differently: My Vision for Canada – Chapter 5 "Live or die with supply management"

Electoral record

Canadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York Centre Resignation of Michael Levitt
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Ya'ara Saks	8,253	45.70	−4.50
	Conservative	Julius Tiangson	7,552	41.82	+5.11
	New Democratic	Andrea Vásquez Jiménez	1,046	5.79	−4.05
	PPC	Maxime Bernier	642	3.56	–
	Green	Sasha Zavarella	461	2.55	−0.70
	Independent	John The Engineer Turmel	104	0.58	–
Total valid votes/Expense limit			18,058	100.00		$105,734.74
Total rejected ballots			166	0.92	−0.97
Turnout			18,058	25.64	−36.12
Eligible voters			70,434
	Liberal hold		Swing		−4.81

Canadian federal election, 2015
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Maxime Bernier	32,910	58.89	+8.17	–
	Liberal	Adam Veilleux	12,442	22.26	+11.27	–
	New Democratic	Daniel Royer	5,443	9.74	−20.26	–
	Bloc Québécois	Stéphane Trudel	4,144	7.42	+0.75	–
	Green	Céline Brown MacDonald	943	1.69	+0.08	–
Total valid votes/Expense limit			55,882	100.0		$222,691.43
Total rejected ballots			712	1.25	0.02
Turnout			56,594	66.15	+3.13
Eligible voters			85,547
	Conservative hold		Swing		+14.22
Source: Elections Canada

Canadian federal election, 2011
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Maxime Bernier	26,799	50.71	−11.70	$80,639.74
	New Democratic	Serge Bergeron	15,831	29.95	+21.43	$1,165.17
	Liberal	Claude Morin	5,833	11.04	+0.72	$53,133.79
	Bloc Québécois	Sylvio Morin	3,535	6.69	−7.29	$19,711.99
	Green	Etienne Doyon Lessard	852	1.61	−3.16	$2.00
Total valid votes/Expense limit			52,850	100.0		$90,992.37
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots			681	1.27	−0.30
Turnout			53,531	63.02	+0.64
Eligible voters			84,941
	Conservative hold		Swing		−16.56
Sources:

Canadian federal election, 2008
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Maxime Bernier	31,883	62.41	−4.61	$69,558.01
	Bloc Québécois	André Côté	7,143	13.98	−5.99	$13,263,15
	Liberal	René Roy	5,270	10.32	+2.40	$2,129.85
	New Democratic	Véronique Poulin	4,352	8.52	+5.97	$2,575.32
	Green	Nicolas Rochette	2,436	4.77	+2.23	none listed
Total valid votes/Expense limit			51,084	100.0		$87,470
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots			817	1.57	+0.75
Turnout			51,901	62.38	−5.24
Eligible voters			83,205
	Conservative hold		Swing		+0.69

Canadian federal election, 2006
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Conservative	Maxime Bernier	36,915	67.02	+49.93	$79,344.54
	Bloc Québécois	Patrice Moore	10,997	19.97	−16.29	$66,069.90
	Liberal	Jacques Lussier	4,364	7.92	−33.46	$54,809.07
	New Democratic	Cléo Chartier	1,405	2.55	−0.50	$1,020.20
	Green	Jean-Claude Roy	1,397	2.54	+0.31	$108.47
Total valid votes/Expense limit			55,078	100.0		$81,497
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots			454	0.82	−1.42
Turnout			55,532	67.62	+8.12
Eligible voters			82,123
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing		+33.11

External links

• Conservative Party of Canada biography
• Maxime Bernier's Official Blog
• Doing Politics Differently
• Profile at Parliament of Canada
• Maxime Bernier – Parliament of Canada biography
• Speeches, votes and activity at OpenParliament.ca
• Final Report on the Administrative Review into the Security Incident Reported By Maxime Bernier

Parliament of Canada
Preceded by Claude Drouin	Member of Parliament for Beauce 2006–2019	Succeeded by Richard Lehoux
Political offices
Preceded by David Emerson	Minister of Industry 2006–2007	Succeeded by Jim Prentice
Preceded by Peter MacKay	Minister of Foreign Affairs 2007–2008	Succeeded by David Emerson
Preceded by Josée Verner	Minister responsible for La Francophonie 2007–2008	Succeeded by Josée Verner