Hadım Şehabeddin

Hadim Şehabeddin Pasha
Native name	Sihàb ed-Dîn
Nickname(s)	Kula Shahin
Died	1453 Bursa, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey)
Buried	Plovdiv, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Bulgaria)
Rank	Kapi Agha sanjakbey of Albania beylerbey of Rumelia Eyalet
Battles/wars	Siege of Novo Brdo (1440—41) Battle at Ialomița River (1442)

Hadım Şehabeddin Şahın Paşa, Hadim Sihàb ed-Dîn Pasa or Hadim Şehabeddin Pasha or "Khadim Shihabuddin Shahin Pasha", nicknamed Kula Shahin, was a 15th-century Ottoman military commander.

Probably of Georgian origin, Şehabeddin began his career in the Ottoman hierarchy as a devsirme conscript and a court eunuch (whence his sobriquet Hadim) in the sultan's palace. He was soon promoted to the position of sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Albania and since 1439 he became a beylerbey of the Rumelia Eyalet. Şehabeddin was known as ardent supporter of the expansionist policy of Ottoman Empire. He commanded the Ottoman forces that captured Novo Brdo in 1441. After his forces were heavily defeated in a battle with forces of Janos Hunyadi in September 1442, he was dismissed from the position of beylerbey. After 1444 he was again briefly appointed to the position of beylerbey of Rumelia. Şehabeddin died in 1453 in Bursa.

Name and early life

In some sources his nickname was mistakenly translated as "brown falcon" although "Kula" (not Kule), it is actually a reference to his slave origin, because he was a devsirme conscript. He was brought to the Ottoman court at very young age, as a slave, and was probably of Georgian descent. He completed the Enderun School and served as a court eunuch ("Hadim" in Turkish) in the sultan's harem and palace.

Military career

Türbe of Hadim Şehabeddin in Plovdiv

He advanced within hierarchy and became Kapi Agha (the head of the Inner Palace and the eunuch gatekeepers) which was the most powerful position a slave could reach at Ottoman court. At this position he was the channel for all petitions to the sultan, which provided him with an opportunity to have certain influence to both sultan and petitioners. The first position of Şehabeddin outside the sultan's palace was in Gjirokastër, as the sanjakbey of Sanjak of Albania. In 1439 he was appointed to the highest military position in the empire, the beylerbey of Rumelia Eyalet. Şehabeddin has been known as one of the "falcons" in the sultan's palace and advocate of the aggressive expansionist Ottoman policy. Being hadim meant that he had access to sultan's family which included his son known as Mehmed the Conqueror, in whom he might have planted the seed of thirst for expansion of the empire.

Against the orders of Şehabeddin the Ottoman forces captured and garrisoned medieval fortress Žrnov, located on the highest top of Avala, and enforced its fortifications under pasha's direct supervision. On 13 June 1441 Şehabeddin, who was in Vučitrn at the time, wrote a letter to Ragusans in which he guaranteed a safe conduct to Ragusan diplomats. On 27 June 1441 forces under command of Şehabeddin captured Novo Brdo. Şehabeddin received Ragusan diplomat Primović in Dobrijevo near Vučitrn and advised him that Ragusans should "honor sultan" with rich presents if they want to avoid paying tribute to Ottoman Empire. They took his advice and after a lot of efforts reached agreement with veziers and sultan to send them rich presents every year.

Saraçhane Bridge

On 2 or 6 September 1442 an army commanded by Şehabeddin and sixteen sanjakbeys subordinated to him, sent by sultan Murad II sent to Wallachia to kill Vlad II Dracul, was heavily defeated near Ialomița River by the forces led by Janos Hunyadi. After this defeat Şehabeddin was dismissed from the position of beylerbey of Rumelia and vezier, which was also the position he held at that time. In 1444 Şehabeddin appeared as commander of the forces that fought against Orhan, the challenger of the sultan's throne and again as beylerbey of Rumelia, in Varna. His advocacy of the aggressive expansionist policy made him the main rival of Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger. He died in 1453 in Bursa after he had witnessed the success of the expansionist policy he has always been advocating when Ottomans captured Constantinople and executed his main rival Çandarlı Halil Pasha.

Legacy

Şehabeddin built a mosque in 1436 in Adrianople. It is known as Hacı Şahabettin Camii or Kirazlı Cami (English: the Cherry Mosque). Evliya Celebi recorded that in Plovdiv Şehabeddin build a mosque, madress, han and caravansaray which were all named after him. In 1451 the Saraçhane Bridge across the Tunca river in Edirne was built against orders of Şehabeddin.

References

Political offices
Preceded by unknown	Beylerbey of the Rumelia Eyalet ? — 1442	Succeeded by Kasim Pasha