1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections

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1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1850 & 1851 August 2, 1852 – November 8, 1853 1854 & 1855 →

All 234 seats in the United States House of Representatives
118 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
  LinnBoyd.jpg JosephRipleyChandler.png
Leader Linn Boyd Joseph R. Chandler
Party Democratic Whig Party (US)
Leader's seat T T
Last election 120 seats 82 seats
Seats won 150 68
Seat change Increase 30 Decrease 14
Popular vote 1,566,004 1,308,031
Percentage 49.82% 41.61%
Swing Increase 6.51% Decrease 0.28%

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Free Soil Unionist Party (US)
Last election 4 seats 15 seats
Seats won 4 5[lower-alpha 1]
Seat change Steady Decrease 10
Popular vote 125,271 22,139
Percentage 3.99% 0.70%
Swing Increase 0.87% Decrease 3.99%

  Fifth party Sixth party
 
Party Southern Rights Independent
Last election 8 seats 4 seats[lower-alpha 2]
Seats won 4[lower-alpha 3] 3[lower-alpha 4]
Seat change Decrease 4 Decrease 1
Popular vote 20,326 87,826
Percentage 0.65% 2.79%
Swing Decrease 3.48% Steady

300px

Speaker before election

Linn Boyd
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Linn Boyd
Democratic

The 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in different states from August 1852 to November 1853.

Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, Democrats and Whigs, unified around the 1852 Presidential campaign, with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.

Election summaries

Following the 1850 Census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233,[1] but later one seat was added to California's delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.[2]

158 4 1 71
Democratic FS I Whig
State Type Date Total seats Democratic Free Soil Whig Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Iowa Districts August 2, 1852 2 Steady 1 Decrease1 0 Steady 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Missouri Districts August 2, 1852 7 Increase2 3 Increase1 0 Steady 4 Increase1 0 Steady
Vermont Districts September 7, 1852 3 Decrease1 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
Maine Districts September 13, 1852 6 Decrease1 3 Decrease2 0 Steady 3 Increase1 0 Steady
Florida At-large October 5, 1852 1 Steady 1 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease1 0 Steady
Indiana Districts October 12, 1852 11 Increase1 10 Increase2 0 Steady 1 Decrease1 0 Steady
Ohio Districts October 12, 1852 21 Steady 12 Increase1 2 Increase1 7 Decrease2 0 Steady
Pennsylvania Districts October 12, 1852 25 Increase1 16 Increase1 0 Steady 9 Steady 0 Steady
California At-large November 2, 1852
(Election Day)[lower-alpha 5]
2 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois Districts 9 Increase2 5[lower-alpha 6] Decrease1 0 Steady 4 Increase3 0 Steady
Michigan Districts 4 Increase1 4 Increase3 0 Steady 0 Decrease2 0 Steady
New Jersey Districts 5 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
New York Districts 33 Decrease1 21 Increase4 1 Increase1 10 Decrease7 1[lower-alpha 7] Increase1
Wisconsin Districts 3 Steady 3 Increase1 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 0 Steady
Delaware At-large November 8, 1852 1 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Massachusetts Districts November 8, 1852 11 Increase1 1 Steady 1 Decrease1 9 Increase2 0 Steady
South Carolina Districts February 28 – March 1, 1853 6 Decrease1 6 Decrease1 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Late elections (after the March 4, 1853 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire Districts March 8, 1853 3 Decrease1 3 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease2 0 Steady
Connecticut Districts April 4, 1853 4 Steady 4 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease1 0 Steady
Rhode Island Districts April 6, 1853 2 Steady 2 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease1 0 Steady
Virginia Districts May 26, 1853 13 Decrease2 13 Steady 0 Steady 0 Decrease2 0 Steady
Arkansas Districts August 1, 1853 2 Increase1 2 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Kentucky Districts August 1, 1853 10 Steady 5 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady 0 Steady
Texas Districts August 1, 1853 2 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
North Carolina Districts August 4, 1853 8 Decrease1 5 Increase2 0 Steady 3 Decrease3 0 Steady
Tennessee Districts August 4, 1853 10 Decrease1 5 Decrease2 0 Steady 5 Increase1 0 Steady
Alabama Districts August 8, 1853 7 Steady 6 Increase2 0 Steady 1 Decrease1 0 Decrease1[lower-alpha 8]
Georgia Districts October 3, 1853 8 Steady 6 Increase6 0 Steady 2 Increase2 0 Decrease8[lower-alpha 9]
Louisiana Districts November 1, 1853 4 Steady 3 Increase1 0 Steady 1 Decrease1 0 Steady
Maryland Districts November 2, 1853 6 Steady 4 Increase2 0 Steady 2 Decrease2 0 Steady
Mississippi District + 1 at-large November 7–8, 1853 5 Increase1 5 Increase5 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Decrease4[lower-alpha 10]
Total 234 Increase1 158[lower-alpha 6]
67.5%
Increase28 4
1.7%
Steady 71
30.3%
Decrease15 1
0.4%
Decrease12
Popular vote
Democratic
  
49.82%
Whig
  
41.61%
Free Soil
  
3.99%
Unionist
  
0.70%
States' Rights
  
0.65%
Independent
  
2.79%
Others
  
0.44%
House seats
Democratic
  
64.10%
Whig
  
30.34%
Unionist
  
2.14%
Free Soil
  
1.71%
Southern Rights
  
1.71%
Independent
  
1.28%

Alabama

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Arkansas

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California

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Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California at-large
2 seats on a general ticket
Edward C. Marshall Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
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Joseph W. McCorkle Democratic 1851 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.

Connecticut

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Delaware

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Florida

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large Edward C. Cabell Whig 1846 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Georgia

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Illinois

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Indiana

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Iowa

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Kentucky

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Louisiana

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Maine

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Maryland

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Massachusetts

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The elections were held November 8, 1852. However, many of the districts went to a December 13, 1852 second ballot.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Zeno Scudder
Redistricted from the C
Whig 1851 Incumbent re-elected on the second ballot. First ballot (November 8, 1852):<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>

Second ballot (December 13, 1852):<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Massachusetts 2
Massachusetts 3
Massachusetts 4
Massachusetts 5
Massachusetts 6
Massachusetts 7
Massachusetts 8
Massachusetts 9
Massachusetts 10
Massachusetts 11

Michigan

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Michigan 1 Ebenezer J. Penniman Whig 1850 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Michigan 2 Charles E. Stuart Democratic 1847 (special)
1848 (lost)
1850
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
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Michigan 3 James L. Conger Whig 1850 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Michigan 4 None (New seat) New seat.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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  • Green tickY Hestor L. Stevens (Democratic) 51.8%
  • George Bradley (Whig) 43.1%
  • Ephraim Calkins (Free Soil) 5.1%[9]

Mississippi

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Elections held late, from November 7 to 8, 1853

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi at-large None (new district) New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Mississippi 1 Benjamin D. Nabers Unionist 1851 Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Mississippi 2 John A. Wilcox Unionist 1851 Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Mississippi 3 John D. Freeman Unionist 1851 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Mississippi 4 Albert G. Brown Template:Party shading/States' Rights | Southern Rights 1847 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Green tickY Wiley P. Harris (Democratic) 100%[14]

Missouri

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New Hampshire

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New Jersey

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New York

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North Carolina

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Ohio

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Pennsylvania

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Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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Tennessee

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Elections held late, on August 4, 1853.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Andrew Johnson Democratic 1842 Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
Democratic loss.
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Albert G. Watkins
Redistricted from the C.
Whig 1849 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee 2 William M. Churchwell
Redistricted from the C.
Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected. <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Tennessee 3 New district New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Tennessee 4 John H. Savage Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
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William Cullom
Redistricted from the C.
Whig 1851 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 New district New member elected.
Whig gain.
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Tennessee 6 William H. Polk Independent
Democratic
1851 Incumbent retired.
Independent Democratic loss.
Green tickY George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%[20]
George W. Jones
Redistricted from the C.
Democratic 1842 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Meredith P. Gentry Whig 1845 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Whig hold.
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Tennessee 8 New district New member elected.
Whig gain.
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Tennessee 9 Isham G. Harris Democratic 1849 Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
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Christopher H. Williams
Redistricted from the C.
Whig 1849 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 10 Frederick P. Stanton Democratic 1845 Incumbent re-elected. <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>

Texas

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Vermont

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Virginia

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Wisconsin

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[25]
Wisconsin 1 Charles Durkee Free Soil 1848 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Wisconsin 2 Ben C. Eastman Democratic 1850 Incumbent re-elected. <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Wisconsin 3 James Duane Doty Ind. Democratic 1848 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
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Non-voting delegates

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Minnesota Territory Henry Hastings Sibley Democratic 1848 (Wisconsin Territory: Special)
1849 (Wisconsin Territory: Eliminated)
1849 (Minnesota Territory)
Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic hold.
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New Mexico Territory Richard H. Weightman Democratic 1851 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected in 1853.
Democratic hold.
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Oregon Territory Joseph Lane Democratic 1851 Incumbent re-elected. <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>

See also

Notes

  1. Includes three Union Whigs and two Union Democrats.
  2. Included three Independent Democrats and one Independent Whig.
  3. Includes four Southern Rights Democrats.
  4. Includes one Independent, one Independent Democrat, and the Benton Independent.
  5. In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William Henry Bissell, elected to IL-08.
  7. Caleb Lyon was elected to NY-23 as an Independent.
  8. Previous election had 1 Constitutional Union member.
  9. Previous election had 6 Constitutional Union and 2 States' Rights.
  10. Previous election had 3 Constitutional Union and 1 States' Rights.
  11. Full name unpublished in source, presumably Alexander Wilkin (Whig)

References

  1. Stat. 432
  2. 10 Stat. 25
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Bibliography

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External links