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1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Julian calendar, the 1901st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 901st year of the 2nd millennium, the 1st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1900s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1901 is 13 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.
Events
January
- January 1
- January 5 – Typhoid fever breaks out in a Seattle jail, the first of two typhoid outbreaks in the USA during the year.
- January 7 – Alferd Packer is released from prison after serving 18 years for cannibalism.
- January 9 – Lord Kitchener reports that Christiaan de Wet has shot one of the "peace" envoys, and flogged two more, who had gone to his commando to ask the Burgher citizens of South Africa to halt fighting.[1]
February
- February 2 – Funeral of Queen Victoria at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
- February 5
- Hay–Pauncefote Treaty signed by United Kingdom and United States, ceding control of the Panama Canal to the United States.
- J. P. Morgan buys mines and steel mills in the United States, marking the first billion dollar business deal.
- In Evansville, Indiana, a fire burns through the business district, causing $175,000 of damage.
- February 6 – First public telephones at railway stations in Paris.
- February 11 – Anti-Jesuit riots sweep across Spain.
- February 12 – Viceroy of India Lord Curzon creates the new North-West Frontier Province in the north of the Punjab region, bordering Afghanistan.
- February 14 – Edward VII opens his first parliament of the United Kingdom.
- February 15 – The Alianza Lima Foundation is created in Peru.
- February 20 – The Hawaii Territory Legislature convenes for the first time.
- February 22 – The Pacific Mail Steamship Company's SS City of Rio de Janeiro sinks entering San Francisco Bay, killing 128.
- February 23 – The United Kingdom and Germany agree the frontier between German East Africa and the British colony of Nyasaland.
- February 25 – U.S. Steel is incorporated by industrialist J. P. Morgan as the first billion-dollar corporation.
- February 26
- February 27 – The Sultan of Turkey orders 50,000 troops to the Bulgarian frontier because of unrest in Macedonia
March
April
May
June
- June – Emily Hobhouse reports on the genocide in the 45 British concentration camps for Boer women and children in South Africa in which, over an 18-month period, 26,370 people would die, 24,000 of them children under 16. Exact mortality figures in the 64 concentration camps for black displaced farm workers and their families are not known, but even worse.[2]
- June 2 – Katsura Tarō becomes Prime Minister of Japan.
- June 12 – Cuba becomes a United States protectorate.
- June 15 – RMS Lucania is the first Cunard Line ship to receive a wireless radio set.
July
August
Silliman University is the first American private school in the Philippines.
September
October
November
December
- December 3 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt delivers a 20,000-word speech to the House of Representatives asking Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits".
- December 10 – The first Nobel Prize ceremony is held in Stockholm on the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.
- December 12 – Guglielmo Marconi receives the first trans-Atlantic radio signal, sent from Poldhu in England to Newfoundland, Canada; it is the letter "S" in Morse.[5]
- December 20 – The final spike is driven into the Mombasa–Victoria–Uganda Railway in what is now Kisumu, Kenya.
- December 22 – Peace Sunday and Charles Aked, a Baptist minister in Liverpool, says about the war in South Africa: "Great Britain cannot win the battles without resorting to the last despicable cowardice of the most loathsome cur on earth — the act of striking a brave man's heart through his wife's honour and his child's life. The cowardly war has been conducted by methods of barbarism... the concentration camps have been Murder Camps." A crowd follows him home and breaks the windows of his house.[6]
Date unknown
Births
January–February
- January 1 – Júlia Báthory, Hungarian glass designer (died 2000)
- January 3 – Ngô Đình Diệm, 1st President of South Vietnam (died 1963)
- January 4 – C. L. R. James, Trinidad-born writer and journalist (died 1989)
- January 9
- January 10 – Henning von Tresckow, Major General in the German Wehrmacht (died 1944)
- January 11 – Kwon Ki-ok, Korean pilot (died 1988)
- January 13
- January 14
- January 16
- January 21 – Marcellus Boss, American politician and lawyer, member of Kansas Senate and 5th Civilian Governor of Guam (died 1967)
- January 24
- January 25 – Mildred Dunnock, American actress (died 1991)
- January 26 – Stuart Symington, American politician (died 1988)
- January 27 – Art Rooney, American football team owner (died 1988)
- January 29 – E. P. Taylor, Canadian business tycoon (died 1989)
- January 30 – Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (died 1959)
- February 1
- February 2 – Jascha Heifetz, Lithuanian violinist (died 1987)
- February 8 – Virginius Dabney, American teacher, journalist, writer and editor (died 1995)
- February 10
- February 15 – João Branco Núncio, Portuguese bullfighter (died 1976)
- February 19 – Florence Green, Last surviving World War I veteran (died 2012)
- February 20 – Mohammed Naguib, 1st President of Egypt (died 1984)
- February 22 – Mildred Davis, American actress (died 1969)
- February 25 – Zeppo Marx, American comedian (died 1979)
- February 27 – Horatio Luro, Argentine horse trainer (died 1991)
- February 28 – Linus Pauling, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace (died 1994)
March–April
- March 2 – Theodor Seuss Geisel, American writer and illustrator best known for authoring popular children's books under the pen name Dr. Seuss (died 1991)
- March 3 – Claude Choules, British WWI veteran and last combat veteran from any nation (died 2011)
- March 4
- March 17 – Alfred Newman, American film composer (died 1970)
- March 21
- March 22 – Greta Kempton, American artist (died 1991)
- March 24 – Ub Iwerks, American cartoonist (died 1971)
- March 27
- March 28 – Jack Weil, American entrepreneur (died 2008)
- April 1 – Whittaker Chambers, American spy (died 1961)
- April 13 – Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist (died 1981)
- April 15
- April 18 – Al Lewis, American songwriter (died 1967)
- April 29 – Emperor Hirohito of Japan (died 1989)
- April 30 – Simon Kuznets, Ukrainian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1985)
May–June
- May 7 – Gary Cooper, American actor (died 1961)
- May 11 – Rose Ausländer, German poet (d. 1988)
- May 17 – Werner Egk, German composer (died 1983)
- May 18 – Vincent du Vigneaud, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1978)
- May 20
- May 21
- May 25 – Antônio de Alcântara Machado, Brazilian novelist (died 1935)
- May 31 – Alfredo Antonini, American conductor and composer (died 1983)
- June 3 – Chang Hsüeh-liang, Chinese military leader (died 2001)
- June 6 – Sukarno, first President of Indonesia (died 1970)
- June 8 – Salustiano Sanchez, Spanish-born American supercentenarian, oldest living man (died 2013)
- June 12 – Arnold Kirkeby, American hotelier, art collector, and real estate investor (died 1962)
- June 13 – Tage Erlander, Swedish politician (social democrat), prime minister of Sweden for 23 years (1946–1969) (died 1985)
- June 16 – Henri Lefebvre, French Marxist philosopher and sociologist (died 1991)
- June 17 – F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas, English World War II hero (died 1964)
- June 18 – Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia (died 1918)
- June 23 – Chuck Taylor, American basketball player and salesman (died 1969)
- June 24
- June 27 – Merle Tuve, American physicist (d. 1982)
- June 29 – Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (died 1967)
July–August
- July 7
- July 9 – Barbara Cartland, English novelist (died 2000)
- July 17 – Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet (died 1938)
- July 20 – Heinie Manush, American baseball player (died 1971)
- July 21 – Albert Hamilton Gordon, American businessman and philanthropist (died 2009)
- July 24 – Mabel Albertson, American actress (died 1982)
- July 31 – Jean Dubuffet, French painter (died 1985)
- August 1 – Pancho Villa, Filipino boxer (died 1925)
- August 4 – Louis Armstrong, American jazz musician (died 1971)
- August 8 – Ernest Lawrence, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1958)
- August 10 – Franco Dino Rasetti, Italian scientist (died 2001)
- August 14 – Alice Rivaz, Swiss writer (died 1998)
- August 18
- August 20 – Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1968)
- August 26
- Maxwell Taylor, American general (died 1987)
- Chen Yi, Chinese military commander and politician (died 1972)
- August 28 – Babe London, American actress and comedian (died 1980)
- August 30 – John Gunther, American writer (died 1970)
September–October
- September 9
- September 12
- Ben Blue, Canadian-born comedian and actor (died 1975)
- Shmuel Horowitz, Russian-born Israeli agronomist (died 1999)
- September 15 – Sir Donald Bailey, British civil engineer (died 1985)
- September 17 – Sir Francis Chichester, British sailor (died 1972)
- September 22
- September 23 – Jaroslav Seifert, Czech writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1986)
- September 24 – Gerald Warner Brace, American writer, educator, sailor and boat builder (died 1978)
- September 25 – Gordon Coventry, Australian rules footballer (died 1968)
- September 26 – George Raft, American film actor (died 1980)
- September 28
- September 29
- October 2 – Alice Prin, French singer (died 1953)
- October 10 – Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor (died 1966)
- October 20 – Adelaide Hall, American jazz singer and entertainer born in Brooklyn, New York (died 1993)
- October 24
- October 28 – Hilo Hattie, Native Hawaiian singer and actress (died 1979)
November–December
- November 3
- November 4
- November 7 – Norah McGuinness, Irish painter and illustrator (died 1980)
- November 13 – Arturo Jauretche, Argentine writer, politician, and philosopher (died 1974)
- November 18 – George Gallup, American statistician and opinion pollster (died 1984)
- November 22 – Joaquín Rodrigo, Spanish composer (died 1999)
- November 28 – Walter Havighurst, American critic, novelist, literary and social historian of the Midwest, professor of English at Miami University, (died 1994)
- November 29 – Mildred Harris, American actress (died 1944)
- December 5
- December 7 – Troy Sanders, American film score composer (died 1959)
- December 8 – Arthur Leslie, British actor (died 1970)
- December 16 – Margaret Mead, American cultural anthropologist (died 1978)
- December 19 – Rudolf Hell, German inventor (died 2002)
- December 25 – Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester (died 2004)
- December 27 – Marlene Dietrich, German-American actress (died 1992)
- December 31 – Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime Minister of Finland (died 1984)
Deaths
January–June
- January 1 – Ignatius L. Donnelly, U.S. politician and writer (born 1831)
- January 8 – John Barry, Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross (born 1873)
- January 10 – Sir James Dickson, Premier of Queensland, Australian Minister for Defence (born 1832
- January 11 – Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (born 1866)
- January 14 – Víctor Balaguer, Spanish politician and author, (born 1824)
- January 16
- January 17 – Frederic W. H. Myers, British poet (b. 1843)
- January 21 – Elisha Gray, American inventor and appliance manufacturer (born 1835)
- January 22 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Empress of India (born 1819)
- January 27 – Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (born 1813)
- January 28 – Iosif Gurko, Russian field marshal (b. 1878)
- February 10 – Max von Pettenkofer Bavarian chemist and hygienist (b. 1818)
- February 11
- February 22 – George Francis FitzGerald, Irish mathematician (born 1851)
- February 26 – Lucyna Ćwierczakiewiczowa, Polish writer (born 1829)
- March 13 – Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President of the United States (born 1833)
- April 3 – Richard D'Oyly Carte, English impresario (born 1844)
- April 19 – Alfred Horatio Belo, American businessman and newswriter (born 1839)
- May 1 – Lewis Waterman, American inventor and businessman (born 1837)
- May 5
- May 22 – Gaetano Bresci Italian anarchist and assassin (born 1869)
- May 24 – Charlotte Mary Yonge, English novelist (born 1823)
- May 31 – Ernest de Sarzec, French archeologist (born 1832)
- June 2 – George Leslie Mackay, Canadian missionary (born 1844)
- June 9
- June 13 – Leopoldo Alas, 'Clarín', Spanisn novelist (born 1852)
- June 16 – Herman Grimm, German historian (born 1828)
July–December
- July 4
- July 6
- July 7 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss writer (b. 1827)
- July 18 – Jan ten Brink, Dutch writer (b. 1834)
- July 28 – John Irwin, American admiral (b. 1832)
- August 5 – Victoria, Empress of Germany (born 1840)
- August 12 – Francesco Crispi, Italian Prime Minister (born 1819)
- August 19 – Shō Tai, last king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Japan (born 1843)
- August 21 – Adolf Eugen Fick, German-born physician and physiologist (born 1829)
- August 24 – Clara Maass, American nurse (born 1876)
- September 5 – Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovenian physicist (born 1853)
- September 9 – Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (born 1864)
- September 14 – William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (born 1843)
- October 1 – Abdur Rahman Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (born 1844)
- October 10 – Lorenzo Snow, Mormon leader (born 1814)
- October 15 – Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba, Spanish aristocrat (born 1849)
- October 19 – Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (born 1829)
- October 23 – Georg von Siemens, German banker (born 1839)
- October 29 – Leon Czolgosz, Polish-American assassin of U.S. President William McKinley (born 1873)
- November 7 – Li Hongzhang, Chinese general (born 1823)
- November 27 – Clement Studebaker, American manufacturer (born 1831)
- November 29 – Francisco Pi y Margall, Spanish politician, former president of the Republic (born 1824)
- November 30 – Edward John Eyre, English explorer (born 1815)
- December 1 – George Lohmann, English cricketer (born 1865)
Nobel Prizes
Significance of 1901 for modern computers
The date of Friday December 13 20:45:52 1901 is significant for modern computers because it is the earliest date representable with a signed 32-bit integer on systems that reference time in seconds since the Unix epoch. This corresponds to -2147483648 seconds from Thursday January 1 00:00:00 1970. For the same reason, many computers are also unable to represent an earlier date. For related reasons, many computer systems suffer from the Year 2038 problem. This is when the positive number of seconds since 1970 exceeds 2147483647 (01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 in binary) and wraps to -2147483648. Hence the computer system erroneously displays or operates on the time Friday December 13 20:45:52 1901. In this way, the year 1900 is to the Year 2000 problem as the year 1901 is to the Year 2038 problem.
References
- Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...1901 (1902); highly detailed compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage online edition