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1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Julian calendar, the 1923rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 923rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 23rd year of the 20th century, and the 4th year of the 1920s decade. Note that the Julian day for 1923 is 13 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929.
Events
January
Main article:
January 1923February
Main article:
February 1923March
April
May
June
July
August
Main article:
August 1923September
Main article:
September 1923
- September 1 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people, but according to a Japanese construction research center report in 2005, 105,000 are confirmed dead.
- September 4 – The United States Navy's first home-built rigid airship USS Shenandoah (ZR-1) makes her first flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of helium at this time.[6]
- September 6 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests and they leave on September 29.
- September 7 – At the International Police Conference in Vienna, the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC), better known as Interpol, is set up.
- September 8 – Honda Point disaster: Nine United States Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
- September 9 – Turkish head of state Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founds the Republican People's Party (CHP).
- September 10 – The Irish Free State joins the League of Nations.
- September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are prohibited for 10 years.
- September 17 – 1923 Berkeley Fire: A major fire in Berkeley, California, erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
- September 18–26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York City.
- September 24 – Second storm of the Atlantic hurricane season, a major hurricane north of Hispaniola.
- September 26 – In Bavaria, Gustav Ritter von Kahr takes dictatorial powers.
- September 29 – The British Mandate for Palestine (1922) comes into effect, officially creating the protectorates of Palestine as a homeland for the Jewish people under British administration and Transjordan as a separate emirate under Abdullah I.[7]
- September 30 – Küstrin Putsch: Outside Berlin, Major Ernst von Buchrucker, the leader of the Black Reichswehr attempts a putsch by seizing several forts.
October
Main article:
October 1923November
Main article:
November 1923
- November 1 – The Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
- November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.
- November 11 – Adolf Hitler is arrested for his leading role in the Beer Hall Putsch, two days after the Putsch was crushed by the government. 20 people died as a result of the associated violence.
- November 12 – Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.
- November 15 – Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic: Hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000 Papiermark[8] (4.2 trillion on the short scale). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency and replaces it with the Rentenmark at an exchange rate of one Rentenmark to 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion on the short scale) Papiermark with effect from November 20.
- November 23 – Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses in Germany.
December
Main article:
December 1923
- December 10 – Sigma Alpha Kappa (the first social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded as a fraternal organization until the ban on social fraternities is lifted.
- December 12 – In Italy, the Po River dam bursts, killing 600.
- December 20 – BEGGARS Fraternity (the second social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded by nine men who have secured permission to do so from the Pope.
- December 21 – The Nepal–Britain Treaty is the first to define the international status of Nepal as an independent sovereign country.
- December 27 – The crown prince of Japan survives an assassination attempt in Tokyo.
- December 29 – Vladimir K. Zworykin files his first patent (in the United States) for "television systems".
Date unknown
Births
January
- January 1
- January 3 – Hank Stram, American football coach and broadcaster (d. 2005)
- January 5 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
- January 6 – Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d. 1999)
- January 7 – Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
- January 8
- January 11 – Ernst Nolte, German historian
- January 12 – Ira Hayes, U.S. Marine flag raiser on Iwo Jima (d. 1955)
- January 16
- January 19 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (d. 2013)
- January 20
- January 22 – Diana Douglas, British-born American actress; mother of actor/producer Michael Douglas (d. 2015)
- January 23
- January 25 – Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- January 26 – Anne Jeffreys, American actress and singer
- January 29 – Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
- January 31 – Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007)
February
- February 2
- February 3 – Edith Barney, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
- February 4 – Conrad Bain, Canadian-born actor (d. 2013)
- February 7 – George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood and first grandchild of King George V (d. 2011)
- February 9 – Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
- February 10
- February 12 – Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
- February 13
- February 17 – Jun Fukuda, Japanese film director (d. 2000)
- February 20 – Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (d. 1985)
- February 21 – Wilbur R. Ingalls, Jr., American architect (d. 1997)
- February 22 – Norman Smith, English singer and record producer (d. 2008)
- February 23 – Mary Francis Shura, American writer (d. 1991)
- February 24 – David Soyer, American cellist (d. 2010)
- February 27 – Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d. 1990)
- February 28
March
- March 3 – Doc Watson, American folk guitarist and songwriter (d. 2012)
- March 4
- March 6
- March 7 – Mahlon Clark, American musician (d. 2007)
- March 8 – Louk Hulsman, Dutch criminologist (d. 2009)
- March 9
- March 10 – Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
- March 11 – Paul Muller, Swiss actor
- March 12
- March 14 – Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)
- March 21
- March 22 – Marcel Marceau, world-renowned French mime (d. 2007)
- March 24
- March 25 – Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
- March 26 – Bob Elliott, American comedian
- March 27 – Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet (d. 2012)
- March 28 – Thad Jones, American jazz musician (d. 1986)
- March 29 – Geoff Duke, British motorcycle racer (d. 2015)
- March 30 – Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d. 1986)
- March 31 – Shoshana Damari, Yemenite-Israeli singer (d. 2006)
April
May
- May 1 – Joseph Heller, American novelist (Catch-22) (d. 1999)
- May 2 – Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (d. 2008)
- May 3 – Ralph Hall, American politician
- May 4
- May 5 – Richard Wollheim, English philosopher (d. 2003)
- May 7 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
- May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (from June 1993 to his death in October 2003) (d. 2003)
- May 11 – Louise Arnold, American female professional baseball player (d. 2010)
- May 15
- May 16 – Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
- May 18 – Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
- May 21
- May 23 – Kalidas Shrestha, Nepalese artist
- May 26
- May 27 – Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- May 28
June
- June 4 – Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)
- June 9 – Gerald Götting, German politician (d. 2015)
- June 10 – Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
- June 15 – Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)
- June 17 – Enrique Angelelli, Argentine bishop (d. 1976)
- June 20 – Bjørn Watt-Boolsen, Danish actor (d. 1998)
- June 23 – Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian Resistance fighter (d. 1945)
- June 24 – Jack Carter, American comedian (d. 2015)
- June 25 – Sam Francis, American painter (d. 1994)
- June 27 – Gus Zernial, American baseball player and sports commentator (d. 2011)
- June 28 – Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (d. 1980)
July
- July 2 – Wisława Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
- July 4 – Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 2013)
- July 6 – Wojciech Jaruzelski, Polish Communist politician, Prime Minister and President of Poland (d. 2014)
- July 8 – Harrison Dillard, American athlete
- July 10 – John Bradley, U.S. Navy flag raiser on Iwo Jima (d. 1994)
- July 13 – Norma Zimmer, American singer (d. 2011)
- July 18 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
- July 20
- July 21 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 22
- July 23 – Witto Aloma, Cuban Major League Baseball player (d. 1997)
- July 25 – Estelle Getty, American actress (d. 2008)
- July 28 – H. S. S. Lawrence, Indian educator (d. 2009)
- July 29 – Jim Marshall, founder of Marshall Amplification (d. 2012)
August
- August 2 – Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel, President of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- August 3
- August 5
- August 6 – Moira Lister, Anglo-South African film, stage and television actress (d. 2007)
- August 10
- August 16 – Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright (d. 2012)
- August 19 – Esmeralda Agoglia, Argentinian ballerina (d. 2014)
- August 20 – Jim Reeves, American country singer (d. 1964)
- August 21 – Larry Grayson, English comedian and game show host (d. 1995)
- August 23 – Henry F. Warner, American soldier, Medal of Honor (d. 1944)
- August 24 – Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist (d. 2012)
- August 26 – Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist (d. 2013)
- August 27 – Hun Neang, father of Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen (d. 2013)
- August 29
September
- September 1
- September 4 – Ram Kishore Shukla, Indian Politician (d. 2003)
- September 3 – Mort Walker, American cartoonist (Beetle Bailey)
- September 6 – King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
- September 7 – Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress (d. 1977)
- September 9 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
- September 11 – Vasilije Mokranjac, Serbian composer (d. 1984)
- September 16 – Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2015)
- September 17 – Hank Williams, American country musician (d. 1953)
- September 18 – Queen Anne of Romania
- September 20 – Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
- September 22 – Dannie Abse, Welsh poet (d. 2014)
- September 26 – Dev Anand, Legendary Indian actor, film producer, writer and director (d. 2011)
October
- October 2 – Eugenio Cruz Vargas, Chilean poet and painter (d. 2014)
- October 3 – Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
- October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor (The Ten Commandments) (d. 2008)
- October 5
- October 6 – Yasar Kemal, Turkish writer (d. 2015)
- October 7 – Irma Grese, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1945)
- October 10
- October 13 – Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player (d. 2006)
- October 15 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)
- October 17 – Charles McClendon, Hall of Fame college football coach (d. 2001)
- October 20 – Otfried Preußler, German children's books author (d. 2013)
- October 23 – Frank Sutton, American actor (d. 1974)
- October 24
- October 25 – J. Esmonde Barry, Canadian healthcare activist and political commentator (d. 2007)
November
File:Loriot 1971 (1).jpg
- November 1
- November 2 – Cesare Rubini, Italian basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
- November 3 – Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich, Irish Roman Catholic prelate (d. 1990)
- November 5
- November 8 – Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)
- November 12 – Vicco von Bülow, German actor (d. 2011)
- November 13 – Linda Christian, Mexican film actress (d. 2011)
- November 17 – Aristides Maria Pereira, President of Cape Verde (d. 2011)
- November 18 – Alan Shepard, first American astronaut (d. 1998)
- November 20 – Nadine Gordimer, South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
- November 22 – Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
- November 23
- November 25 – Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland
- November 26 – Pat Phoenix, English actress (d. 1986)
December
- December 1 – Stansfield Turner, American admiral and Director of Central Intelligence
- December 2 – Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
- December 3
- December 5 – Eleanor Dapkus, American female professional baseball player (d. 2011)
- December 5 – Philip Slier, Dutch Jewish typesetter (d. 1943)
- December 11 – Betsy Blair, American film actress (d. 2009)
- December 12 – Bob Barker, American game show host (The Price Is Right)
- December 13
- December 14
- December 15 – Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist
- December 17 – Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian (d. 2006)
- December 19 – Gordon Jackson, Scottish actor (d. 1990)
- December 23 – James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral and vice presidential candidate (d. 2005)
- December 24 – George Patton IV, American general (d. 2004)
- December 25
- December 27 – Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana Bantustan
- December 29 – Dina Merrill, American actress, heiress, socialite, and philanthropist
Deaths
January–June
- January 1 – Willie Keeler, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1872)
- January 3 – Jaroslav Hašek, Czech writer (b. 1883)
- January 9
- January 11 – Constantine I of Greece, King of Greece (b. 1868)
- January 12 – Herbert Silberer, Austrian psychoanalyst (b. 1882)
- January 13 – Alexandre Ribot, French statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1842)
- January 18 – Wallace Reid, American actor (b. 1891)
- January 23 – Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
- January 31 – Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b. 1869)
- February 1 – Ernst Troeltsch, German theologian (b. 1865).
- February 3 – Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1844)
- February 5 – Count Erich Kielmansegg, former Prime Minister of Austria (b. 1847)
- February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
- February 23 – Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b. 1852)
- March 8 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
- March 26 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
- March 27 – Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b. 1842)
- March 28 – Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
- April 4 – John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)
- April 5 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
- April 23 – Princess Louise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1838)
- May 10 – Charles de Freycinet, four-time Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
- May 21 – Hans Goldschmidt, German chemist (b. 1861)
July–December
- July 10 – Albert Chevalier, English music hall comedian (b. 1861)
- July 20 – Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (assassinated) (b. 1878)
- July 23 – Charles Dupuy, French statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1851)
- August 2 – Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
- August 10 – Joaquín Sorolla, Spanish painter (b. 1863)
- August 23 – Henry C. Mustin, American naval aviation pioneer (b. 1874)
- August 24 – Katō Tomosaburō, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)
- September 9 – Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)
- September 23
- October 28
- October 30 – Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
- November 9 (among those killed in Munich Beer Hall Putsch):
- November 14 – Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)
- November 15 – Mohammad Yaqub Khan, former Emir of Afghanistan (b. 1849)
- November 30 – Martha Mansfield, American actress (b. 1899)
- December 2 – Tomás Bretón, Spanish composer (b. 1850)
- December 8 – John William Brodie-Innes, British member of Golden Dawn (b. 1848)
- December 12 – Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)
- December 13 – Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)
- December 22 – Georg Luger, German firearms designer (b. 1849)
- December 27 – Gustave Eiffel, French engineer and architect (Eiffel Tower) (b. 1832)
Date unknown
Nobel Prizes
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1923. |
- ↑ Albert, Norman (February 9, 1923). "Conacher Scored Six for North Toronto". Toronto Star. p. 12.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kitchen, Paul (2008). Win, Lose or Wrangle: The Inside Story of the Old Ottawa Senators - 1883-1935. Manotick Ontario: Penumbra Press. p. 246.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Hooper, Albert W. "Bert"". The History of Canadian Broadcasting. Retrieved January 28, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Constitutional history at a glance". Al-Ahram Weekly On-line. March 3–9, 2005. Retrieved December 11, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "National Weather Service". Crh.noaa.gov. Retrieved August 25, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Named and commissioned October 10. Hayward, John T. (August 1978). "Comment and Discussion". United States Naval Institute Proceedings.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Palestine Royal Commission Report, Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of His Majesty. Cmd. 5479. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office. July 1937.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Tonge, Stephen. "Weimar Germany 1919-1933". A Web of English History. Retrieved March 14, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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