614th Tactical Fighter Squadron
| 614th Tactical Fighter Squadron | |
|---|---|
| 250px
Emblem of the 614th Tactical Fighter Squadron
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| Active | 1943-1992 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Type | Tactical Fighter |
The 614th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 401st Operations Group, stationed at Torrejon Air Base, Spain. It was inactivated on 1 January 1992.
Contents
History
World War II
Organization and training for combat
The 614th Bombardment Squadron was activated March 1943 at Ephrata Army Air Base Washington as one of the original squadrons of the 401st Bombardment Group.[2][3] The initial cadre for the squadron was drawn from the 395th Bombardment Group at Ephrata and the 383d Bombardment Group at Rapid City Army Air Field, South Dakota. The cadre soon departed for Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, where they conducted simulated combat missions with the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics out of Brooksville Army Air Field.[4]
The ground echelon moved to Geiger Field, Washington in May 1943 and to Great Falls AAB, Mount in July. At Great Falls the first combat crews were assigned to the squadron.[5] In the final stage of training the squadrons dispersed with the 614th training at Glasgow Army Air Field.[6]
After completing training the ground echelon left for overseas on 19 October 1943. After staging at Camp Shanks, New York they embarked on the RMS Queen Mary and sailed on 27 October disembarking at Greenock on the Firth of Clyde on 3 November 1943. The air echelon staged for deployment at Scott Field, Illinois then flew to England under the control of Air Transport Command via Newfoundland, Iceland and Scotland.[6]
Combat in the European Theater
On arrival in England, half of the 401st group's aircrews were immediately reassigned to the 351st Bombardment Group.[6] The rest of the squadron became part of Eighth Air Force at RAF Deenethorpe. The 614th became part of the 92d Combat Bombardment Wing of the 1st Bombardment Division. Its tail code was Triangle-S.
On 26 November the 614th flew its first combat mission against Bremen, Germany.[7] The 401st group did not suffer the combat loss of an airplane until its ninth mission on 30 December.[8] The squadron operated chiefly against strategic targets, bombing industries, submarine facilities, shipyards, missile sites, marshalling yards, and airfields.[3] On 11 January 1944 the squadron was in the lead group of the 1st Bombardment Division in an attack against aircraft manufacturing facilities at Ochsersleben, Germany. Although the bombers were able to attack, poor weather conditions prevented the division from receiving effective fighter cover. For over three hours the bomber formation suffered more than 400 attacks by Luftwaffe fighters, including air-to-air rocket attacks. Despite these attacks the unit continued its attack and struck a telling blow against German aircraft production for which the squadron was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC).[3][9]
A little over a month later, on 20 February, the squadron earned its second DUC for an attack on the Erla Maschinenwerke aircraft manufacturing facilities in Leipzig, Germany. Despite fighter attacks and battle damage to the 614th's planes, 100% of the unit's bombs fell within 1000 feet of the aiming point.[3][10] Beginning in October 1944, the unit concentrated its attacks on Axis oil reserves.[3]
In addition to strategic missions, squadron operations included attacks on transportation, airfields, and fortifications prior to the Normandy invasion. On D-Day the 614th attacked Normandy beachhead areas dropping bombs five minutes before troops landed.[11] The following month it provided close air support for the breakthrough at Saint-Lô, it also supported the siege of Brest in August and Operation Market Garden in September. During the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 and January 1945, the unit attacked transportation and communications in the battle area. It supported airborne forces involved in Operation Varsity in March 1945.[3]
The squadron flew its last combat mission on 20 April 1945 against Brandenberg.[12] It had flown 254 combat missions from Deenethorpe airfield.[13] After V-E Day, the squadron flew missions to Linz, Austria to evacuate British and French prisoners of war. It also flew Trolley sightseeing missions at low level, flying ground support personnel over the Ruhr and Frankfurt am Main to see the damage that had been done as a result of their efforts.[14]
The unit was alerted for redeployment to the Pacific Theater and the last plane departed Deenethorpe in early June. The ground echelon sailed on the RMS Queen Elizabeth on the fifth.[15] Upon arrival in the US, personnel were granted thirty days leave, reassembling at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, but plans had changed and personnel were either transferred to Boeing B-29 Superfortress units or processed for discharge and the squadron was inactivated.[16]
Reserve Operations
Assigned to Air Force Reserve January 1947. Never equipped or manned, inactivated 1949.
Cold War
Allocated to Tactical Air command, 1953 and reactivated as a Fighter-Bomber, later Tactical Fighter squadron. Performed routine deployments and exercises 1954-1966. Deployed to South Vietnam as part of USAF buildup of forces in 1966, engaging in tactical bombing of enemy targets in South Vietnam AOR.
Redeployed to NATO in 1971 as part of USAF drawdown of forces in Indochina. Assigned to USAFE in Spain, performed routine deployments and exercises. Deployed in support of Operations Desert Shield & Storm to Doha, Qatar in 1990-1991 as the flying portion of the 401st TFW (Provisional). Flew 1303 sorties into Iraq and Kuwait, delivering 3.7 million pounds of weapons. The first USAF unit to ever deploy to Qatar. Inactivated in 1992 as part of USAF drawdown of forces in Europe after the end of the Cold War.
Lineage
- Constituted as the 614th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 20 March 1943
- Activated on 1 April 1943
- Redesignated 614th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy ca. 1 November 1943
- Inactivated on 28 August 1945
- Redesignated 614th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 27 December 1946
- Activated in the reserve on 10 January 1947
- Inactivated on 27 June 1949
- Redesignated 614th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 24 November 1953
- Activated on 8 February 1954
- Redesignated 614th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 1 Ju1y 1958
- Inactivated on 1 January 1992
Assignments
- 401st Bombardment Group, 1 April 1943 - 28 August 1945
- Tenth Air Force, 10 January 1947
- 401st Bombardment Group, 30 September 1947 - 27 June 1949.
- 401st Fighter-Bomber Group, 8 February 1954
- 401st Fighter-Bomber Wing (later Tactical Fighter Wing), 25 September 1957
- 834th Air Division, 27 April 1966
- 366th Tactical Fighter Wing, 18 September 1966
- 35th Tactical Fighter Wing, 10 October 1966
- 401st Tactical Fighter Wing, 15 July 1971 - 1 January 1992
Stations
- Ephrata Army Air Base, Washington, 1 April 1943
- Geiger Field, Washington, 4 June 1943
- Great Falls Army Air Base, Montana, 8 July 1943 - 19 October 1943 (deployed to Glasgow AAF after August)
- RAF Deenethorpe (AAF-128), England,[17] 4 November 1943 - 20 June 1945
- Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, c. 1–28 August 1945
- Brooks Field (later Brooks Air Force Base), Texas, 10 January 1947 - 27 June 1949
- Alexandria (later England) AFB, Louisiana, 8 February 1954
- Phan Rang Air Base, Republic of Vietnam, 18 September 1966
- Torrejon Air Base, Spain, 15 July 1971 - 1 January 1992
Aircraft
- Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1943–1945
- North American F-86 Sabre, 1954–1955
- Republic F-84 Thunderstreak, 1954–1957
- North American F-100 Super Sabre, 1957–1971
- McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, 1971–1983
- General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, 1983–1992
Awards and Campaigns
| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 11 January 1944 | Germany 614th Bombardment Squadron[2] |
|
Distinguished Unit Citation | 20 February 1944 | Germany 614th Bombardment Squadron[2] |
 |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 January 1963 - 31 December 1963 | 614th Tactical Fighter Squadron[2] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Air Offensive, Europe | 614th Bombardment Squadron[2] | |
|
Normandy | 614th Bombardment Squadron[2] | |
|
Ardennes-Alsace | 614th Bombardment Squadron[2] | |
|
Northern France | 614th Bombardment Squadron[2] | |
|
Rhineland | 614th Bombardment Squadron[2] | |
|
Central Europe | 614th Bombardment Squadron[2] |
References
Notes
- ↑ The design was originated by Mrs J. J. Casagrande, wife of a squadron navigator. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Closway, pp. 44-45
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Closway, p. 45
- ↑ Closway, p. 46
- ↑ Closway, p. 47
- ↑ Closway, pp. 40, 47, 62 (reproducing War Department General Order 50, 17 June 1944)
- ↑ Closway, pp. 40, 63 (reproducing War Department General Order 83, 2 October 1945)
- ↑ Closway. p. 43
- ↑ Closway, p. 55
- ↑ Closway, p. 62
- ↑ Closway, pp. 56-57
- ↑ Closway, p. 58
- ↑ Closway, p. 59
- ↑ Station number in Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Air Force Historical Research Agency.
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