685
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
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| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 6th century – 7th century – 8th century |
| Decades: | 650s 660s 670s – 680s – 690s 700s 710s |
| Years: | 682 683 684 – 685 – 686 687 688 |
| 685 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 685 DCLXXXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 1438 |
| Armenian calendar | 134 ԹՎ ՃԼԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5435 |
| Bengali calendar | 92 |
| Berber calendar | 1635 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1229 |
| Burmese calendar | 47 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6193–6194 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3381 or 3321 — to — 乙酉年 (Wood Rooster) 3382 or 3322 |
| Coptic calendar | 401–402 |
| Discordian calendar | 1851 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 677–678 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4445–4446 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 741–742 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 607–608 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3786–3787 |
| Holocene calendar | 10685 |
| Iranian calendar | 63–64 |
| Islamic calendar | 65–66 |
| Japanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | 685 DCLXXXV |
| Korean calendar | 3018 |
| Minguo calendar | 1227 before ROC 民前1227年 |
| Seleucid era | 996/997 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1227–1228 |
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King Cædwalla of Wessex (c. 659–688)
Year 685 (DCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 685 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- September – Emperor Constantine IV dies of dysentery at Constantinople after a 17-year reign and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Justinian II.[1]
Europe
- Kuber, brother of Asparukh of Bulgaria, defeats the Avars in Syrmia (Pannonia). He leads his followers of around 70,000 people to Macedonia (modern Republic of Macedonia).
Britain
- May 20 – Battle of Dun Nechtain: The Picts under king Bridei III revolt against their Northumbrian overlords. Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, advises king Ecgfrith not to invade Pictland (modern Scotland). Undeterred, Ecgfrith marches his army north to engage the enemy near Dunnichen. The Picts, possibly with Scottish and Strathclyde Briton help, defeat the Saxon guard. Ecgfrith is killed after a 15-year reign, routing his army and forcing the Anglo-Saxons to withdraw south of the River Forth.
- King Centwine of Wessex dies after a 9-year reign and is succeeded by his distant cousin, Cædwalla, who manages to fully re-unite the sub-kingdoms of Wessex. He attacks with a large army Sussex and kills king Æthelwealh in battle in the South Downs (Hampshire).[2] He is expelled by Æthelwealh's ealdorman, Berthun and Andhun, who are jointly rule the South Saxons. Cædwalla invades Kent, lays it waste, and carries of an immense booty.[3]
- Aldfrith, illegitimate half-brother of Ecgfrith, becomes possibly with Irish and Scottish help king of Northumbria. He is brought from Iona (Inner Hebrides), where he is studying for a career in the church.
- King Eadric revolts against his uncle Hlothhere and defeats him in battle. He becomes sole ruler of Kent until his death in 686.
Arabian Empire
- Battle of 'Ayn al-Warda: A Umayyad army (20,000 men) under Husayn ibn Numayr defeat the pro-Alid Kufans at Ras al-'Ayn (Syria).
- May 7 – Caliph Marwan I dies at Damascus and is succeeded by his son Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.
China
- Empress Wu Zetian sends a pair of giant pandas to the Japanese court of emperor Tenmu as a diplomatic gift (approximate date).
- Wu Zetian exiles her son Zhong Zong, former emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and his family to the island of Fang Zhou.[4]
By topic
Religion
- May 8 – Pope Benedict II dies at Rome after a reign of less than 11 months. He is succeeded by John V as the 82nd pope.
- John Maron is elected as the first patriarch in the Maronite Church (approximate date).
Births
- Leo III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 741)
- Li Xianhui, princess of the Tang Dynasty (d. 701)
- Miao Jinqing, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 765)
- Pelagius, king of Asturias (approximate date)
- Theodbert, duke of Bavaria (approximate date)
- September 8 – Xuan Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 762)
Deaths
- Æthelwealh, king of Sussex
- Anania Shirakatsi, Armenian astronomer (b. 610)
- Benedict II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 635)
- Beornhæth, Anglo-Saxon nobleman
- Centwine, king of Wessex (approximate date)
- Constantine IV, Byzantine emperor (b. 652)
- May 20 – Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria
- Hlothhere, king of Kent
- Liu Rengui, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 602)
- May 7 – Marwan I, Muslim caliph (b. 623)
