Abraham Trembley
| Abraham Trembley | |
|---|---|
Abraham Trembley
|
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| Born | 3 September 1710 |
| Died | 12 May 1784 |
| Nationality | Switzerland |
| Fields | Naturalist |
| Known for | hydra (genus) |
| Notable awards | Copley Medal, 1743 |
Abraham Trembley (3 September 1710 – 12 May 1784 Geneva) was a Swiss naturalist. He is best known for being the first to study freshwater polyps or hydra and for being among the first to develop experimental zoology. His mastery of experimental method has led some historians of science to credit him as the "father of biology".[1]
Biography
Trembley came from an officer's family from Geneva, Switzerland. He was uncle to Charles Bonnet, with whom he corresponded regularly, as well as to René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683-1757) and Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799). Trembley acted as tutor to the children of Count Willem Bentinck (1704-1774), a prominent Dutch politician at the time. They were 3 and 6 when Trembley, during his lessons, discovered the regenerative powers of the Hydra with the boys. Those were conducted at the Count's summer residence of Sorgvliet nearby The Hague.[2] Sketches and drawings of his experiments with the children, made by Cornelis Pronk, are kept in the archives of the town of The Hague, the Netherlands.[3]
Work on hydra
While Trembley thought he had discovered a new species, Leeuwenhoek had in fact first published on hydra in 1702-1703 volume of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, describing them as a type of "animalculum". In his work Leeuwenhoek clearly described the process of budding, as well as tentacles contractility and the presence of cnidocyte batteries on tentacles.[4]
Trembley's findings were published in a groundbreaking book in 1744, Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire d'un genre de polypes d'eau douce, Gebr. Verbeek, Leiden, translated into German in 1791 as Abhandlungen zur Geschichte einer Polypenart des süssen Wassers. His discoveries lead to his membership of the Royal Academy in London and a correspondent member of the académie des sciences in France. He was recipient of the Copley medal.
Some attribute Trembley as being the first to study stem cells, although he obviously did not refer to them as such. Trembley did however make note of their incredible regenerative capacity.[6]
References
- ↑ See Ratcliff, op.cit., p. 556, n. 1.
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- ↑ Gajus Scheltema, "Pronk, Bentinck en Trembley: Schetsen uit achtiende-eeuws Den Haag", in "Jaarboek Geschiedkundige Vereniging Die Haghe", The Hague, 2005 (in Dutch).
- ↑ Phil.Trans.Roy.Soc., 1702-1703,vol.23,N 283,pp. 1304-1311//Part of a Letter from Mr Antony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. concerning Green Weeds Growing in Water, and Some Animalcula Found about ThemPart of a Letter from Mr Antony van Leeuwenhoek, F. R. S. concerning Green Weeds Growing in Water, and Some Animalcula Found about Them
- ↑ See Ratcliff, op.cit., p. 569.
- ↑ see "Lenhoff, Sylvia G. and Howard M. Lenhoff" Op. Cit.
Further reading
- "Hydra and the Birth of Experimental Biology, 1744: Abraham Trembley's Memoires Concerning the Polyps " Lenhoff, Sylvia G. and Howard M. Lenhoff,The Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA1986 (ISBN 9780940168015 )
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- Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery, entries on Abraham Trembley, as reproduced on http://www.bookrags.com/Abraham_Trembley.
- Animal, Vegetable and Mineral: Natural History books by ten authors, on-line exhibit, Sheridan Libraries, Johns Hopkins University
- Online biography, Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence
