Action Party (Italy, 1848)
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| Action Party Partito d'Azione |
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|---|---|
| Leader | Giuseppe Mazzini |
| Slogan | "Unione, Forza e Libertà" |
| Founded | 1848 (as ANI) 1853 (as PA) |
| Dissolved | 1867 |
| Headquarters | Genoa, Kingdom of Italy |
| Newspaper | L'Unità italiana |
| Paramilitary wing | Redshirts |
| Ideology | Nationalism Republicanism Pan-Europeanism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| European affiliation | Young Europe |
| International affiliation | None |
| Colours | Red |
| Politics of Italy Political parties Elections |
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The Action Party (Italian: Partito d'Azione , PA) was an Italian pre-unitary political party, active during the Risorgimento.[1]
History
After the failure of the Italian revolutions of 1848, Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy was dissolved as political organization, to form the Italian National Association (Italian: Associazione Nazionale Italiana , ANI). During the 1848-49, the ANI competed against the rival Moderate Party of Vincenzo Gioberti and Massimo d'Azeglio, that won the election in the Kingdom of Sardinia and established a new government. After some years of weak activities, in 1853 the ANI was renamed by Giuseppe Mazzini to Action Party, that published the booklet-manifesto "To the Italians" (Agli Italiani),[2] invited the Italians to start various rebel and republican's organizations. This tactic was changed after the failed invasion of Sapri of the same year, where Carlo Pisacane died.
In 1860, the Action Party financied the creation of a paramilitary group, led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, named Redshirts (Camicie rosse). The Redshirts become particularly famous for the "Expedition of the Thousand", when Garibaldi conquered in a few months all of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States. In this period, the Action Party was strongly opposed to the Moderate Party and its new leader, Camillo Benso di Cavour, close to the House of Savoy. Mazzini particularly hated the annexation war, the falsification of the referendums and the "piedmontization" of Italy (that ignored the various diversities of a unified Italy). The Action Party founded the first mutual aid societies, workers' associations, public schools and cooperatives. In the 1861, Mazzini founded the newspaper of the Action Party, L'Unità italiana. In 1867, the Action Party attempted to conclude the Unification War, took over Rome with the battle of Mentana, which failed. Disappointed, Mazzini dissolved the Action Party, and retired from the politics.
In 1870, Garibaldi captured Rome, that become the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. In 1877, Agostino Bertani, a former member of the Action Party, left the Historical Left to form The Extreme, reputed the real heir of the Action Party.
Proposals and goals
- Unification of Italy, including the "Irrident Lands"[2]
- Abolition of the monarchy and creation of a republic
- Elections with universal suffrage
- Support of the freedom of religion, press, speech, thought
- Creation of the United States of Europe
Notable members
See also
References
 19th-century political groups in Italy |
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- Articles containing Italian-language text
- Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes
- Nationalist parties in Italy
- Italian unification
- Kingdom of Sardinia
- Defunct political parties in Italy
- Political parties established in 1848
- Political parties established in 1853
- Political parties disestablished in 1867
- 1848 establishments in Italy
- 1867 disestablishments in Italy
