Adel, Leeds
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Adel is a suburb in North Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is situated between Cookridge, Holt Park, Weetwood and Alwoodley. To the north are the villages of Arthington and Bramhope and the market town of Otley. In common with many areas of Leeds it is not easy to define the boundaries of Adel, but Adel Church and the two schools are well to the east of Otley Road, the A660, although the post office is on that road. There is one public house in Adel, the Lawnswood Arms, and there is a restaurant/pub on the Otley Road around the corner from Gainsborough Avenue.
History
Adel is situated near the site of a Roman fort, the ancient road from Tadcaster to Ilkley passing nearby. (The footpath by the side of Long Causeway was said to be made from the original Roman stones, until they were removed by the council in the 1960s because they were unsafe. Some of the footpath has been replaced, starting at the junction between Long Causeway and Stairfoot Lane, and continuing up to the entrance of Bedquilts playing fields.) Several inscribed stones from the Romano-British period were discovered in Adel, also a number of Anglo-Saxon stones were discovered in the church foundations during restoration work in 1864. Some of these items are on display in the Leeds City Museum, Cookridge Street.
The Roman name for the area was Burgodunum.[1] It is probable that a Saxon village sprang up around the fort and that a church was built in the village. Adel is mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as Adele. Another spelling used until 1816 is Addle. Most recent authorities derive the name from the Old English adela ‘dirty, muddy place’,[2] but arguments have also been made for a personal name Ada (or similar Anglo-Saxon names such as Eadda, Eada or Ædda) + Old English lēah 'open ground, lea' (compare the terminus spelling of nearby Headingley DB: Hedingelei & hedingeleia).[3]
The parish of Adel stretched to the River Wharfe in the north and included Adel, Arthington, Breary, Cookridge and Eccup.
In 1152, the nearby Cistercian abbey at Kirkstall was founded. At the same time, the church of St John the Baptist was built in Adel to replace the older Saxon building. Although the present church is Norman, it looks quite similar to the late 7th century Anglo-Saxon church in Ledsham village, "the oldest church (and the oldest building) standing in West Yorkshire".
Adel Church
The Church of St John the Baptist, Adel parish church, is described as "one of the best and most complete Norman churches in Yorkshire".[4] It is a Grade I listed building; the sundial, mounting block and several memorials are Grade II listed.
It was built in Romanesque style around 1150–1170 and has been little altered since, although a bell-cote was added in 1838–39 by R. D. Chantrell. The doorway, protected by a modern wooden roof, has an ornately carved arch; inside, there are 81 decorative corbels on the north and south walls, and the chancel arch has 37 grotesque beakheads. The medieval font has an oak canopy by Eric Gill, and possibly a leper's window survives in the chancel though the evidence for this is poor given the nearest Leper Colony was some distance away and other churches were much closer.[5]
The Romanesque bronze doorknocker, often referred to as a Sanctuary Ring, is a replica, as the original was stolen in 2002.[6] It was 'probably made in York c. 1200 (cf. All Saints' Pavement, York)' and 'was of excellent quality ... with a monster's head, probably a lion, clasping the ring and a man's head protruding from its mouth'.[7] The sculpture has been understood to represent the animal swallowing a person,[8] but it has also been suggested that 'there is nothing exaggeratedly fearsome about this lion that we should assume the man is being eaten ... he could be waking up, taking a breath, coming out of the mouth rather than being chewed or swallowed'.[9]
Because of thefts of stones from the graveyard, all the church's paving stones are engraved with crosses.
The paternal grandparents of the Duchess of Cambridge married at Adel Church in December 1946.[10]
Adel today
Adel is a mainly residential area of Leeds close to Adel Crags and the Meanwood Valley Trail and has a distinctive countryside feel. Adel also has two primary schools, St John the Baptist Primary School and Adel Primary School.
Adel is within the Adel and Wharfedale ward of Leeds City Council and the Leeds North West parliamentary constituency whose local MP is Liberal Democrat Greg Mulholland.
Close to Adel Church is York Gate, an old farmhouse with a landscaped garden and a pavement maze in the driveway. The gardens, owned by Perennial, the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Society, are open to the public on regular occasions.[11]
Also close to the church is the Adel Memorial Hall and sports ground. The hall was opened on 14 November 1928 as a memorial to those killed in the First World War. The engraved 20 ton stone outside the hall was moved from Adel Moor in May 1922 and erected on the site of the then future hall. The hall is home to the Bowmen of Adel, who hosted the Scorton Arrow in 1962, 1967, 1970 and 1988, and also Adel Players, an amateur dramatics group founded in 1945 that puts on three productions a year.
Adel is home to Headingley Golf club, the oldest golf club in Leeds, Adel Methodist Church [12] and Adel Quaker Meeting House,[13] established in 1940.[14]
Just to the west is the University of Leeds sports grounds and (now closed) Bodington Hall, which was previously the university's largest hall of residence. Leeds Adel Carnegie Hockey Club is based here.
Adel is linked to Leeds city centre by buses, including the 28, operated by First Leeds.
Asda in Holt Park is incorrectly called 'Asda at Adel', perhaps because, although geographically incorrect, the term Adel is a historical term that can be traced back many centuries, whereas the term 'Holt Park' does not predate the area itself.
Location grid
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Bramhope | |
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| Cookridge |  |
Alwoodley | ||
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| Meanwood |
References
- ↑ A. L.F. Rivet and Colin Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain (London: Batsford, 1979), pp. 510–14.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Alaric Hall, 'On the Etymology of Adel', in Wawnarstræti (alla leið til Íslands) lagt Andrew Wawn 65 ára 27. október 2009, ed. by Robert Cook, Terry Gunnell, Margrét Eggertsdóttir and Þórunn Sigurðardóttir (Reykjavík: Menningar- og minningjasjóður Mette Magnussen, 2009), pp. 39–42; http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/10184/.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Rita Wood, 'The Romanesque Sculpture at Adel Church, West Riding — A Suggested Interpretation', Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 85 (2013), 97–130 (p. 108).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Nikolaus Pevsner, The Buildings of England: Yorkshire, West Riding, 2nd edn by Enid Radcliffe (London: Penguin, 1967), p. 339.
- ↑ Rita Wood, 'The Romanesque Sculpture at Adel Church, West Riding — A Suggested Interpretation', Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 85 (2013), 97–130 (p. 108).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ York Gate Garden, accessed 13 January 2016
- ↑ Adel Methodist Church, accessed 13 January 2016
- ↑ Adel Quaker Meeting, accessed 13 Jaunary 2016
- ↑ Leeds Quakers - Adel Meeting, accessed 13 January 2016
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adel, Leeds. |
- Adel Crag Community Association website, local information
- St John's church website
- [1] Adel Methodist Church
- [http://www.leedsquakers.org.uk/meetings/adel Adel Quaker Meeting
- Yorkgate garden website
- Bowmen of Adel
- Adel Players
- Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland scholarly description of church carvings including many detailed photographs
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- The Ancient Parish of Adel at GENUKI
- Leodis View photographs of Adel on the Leeds photographic archive.
- Adel in the Domesday Book
- Major Romano-British Settlement Adel, West Yorkshire
- The Old Stones of Adel Church
- Adel Primary School
