Air ambulances in the United Kingdom

Air ambulance services in the United Kingdom are provided by a mixture of organisations, operating either helicopters or fixed-wing aircraft to respond to medical emergencies, and transport patients to, from, or between points of definitive care. These air ambulances fulfil both emergency medical services functions, as well as patient transport between specialist centres, or as part of a repatriation operation.

History

The first air ambulance services in the UK commenced in Scotland in November 1933 with a flight from Wideford Airport, Kirkwall Orkney and in February 1939 the first night time ambulance flight was undertaken from Wideford to the island of Sanday, using car headlights to help take off and landing. The aircraft used was a General Aircraft Monospar G-ACEW operated by Highland Airways.

Emergency air ambulances

Emergency air ambulances are generally helicopter based, and used to respond to medical emergencies in support of local ambulance services. In England and Wales, all of these services are charitably funded, and operated under contract with a private provider. The ambulance staff crewing these flights are generally seconded from the local NHS ambulance service. In Scotland, there is the only publicly funded air ambulance service, with the Scottish Ambulance Service operating two helicopters and two fixed wing aircraft in this role, alongside a single charity operator helicopter(EC135T2).

Service	Areas served	Radio call-sign	Registration	Aircraft	Photo
Cornwall Air Ambulance	Cornwall	Helimed 181	G-CNWL G-SASO	2 × MD-902	100px
Derbyshire, Leicestershire & Rutland Air Ambulance	Derbyshire; Leicestershire; Rutland	Helimed 54	G-TAAS	A109SP	100px
Devon Air Ambulance Trust	Devon	Helimed 183 Helimed 185		2 × EC 135	100px 100px
Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance	Dorset; Somerset	Helimed 10	G-DORS	EC 135	100px
East Anglian Air Ambulance	Cambridgeshire; Norfolk; Suffolk	Helimed 85 Helimed 88	G-HEMN G-HEMC	EC 135	[1]
Essex & Hertfordshire Air Ambulance Trust	Essex; & Hertfordshire; with missions to all East of England; Counties and Mutual support to London and South East England	Helimed 07 Helimed 55		2 × MD-902	[2]
Great North Air Ambulance	Cumbria; Tees Valley; Durham; Northumberland; North Yorkshire; Tyne and Wear	Helimed 58 Helimed 63		3 × AS-365	100px
Great Western Air Ambulance	Bristol; Gloucestershire; Avon; North Somerset;	Helimed 65	G-GWAA	EC-135	[3]
Hampshire & Isle of Wight Air Ambulance	Hampshire; Isle of Wight	Helimed 56	G-HIOW	EC 135	100px
Kent Air Ambulance	Kent, East Sussex & support in London	Helimed 21		MD-900	100px
Lincolnshire & Nottinghamshire Air Ambulance	Lincolnshire; Nottinghamshire	Helimed 29	G-LNCT	MD-900	100px
London Air Ambulance (HEMS)	London	Helimed 27 Helimed 28	G-EHMS G-LNDN	2 x MD-902
Magpas (Helimedix)	Cambridgeshire; Bedfordshire	Helimed 66		MD-902	100px
Midlands Air Ambulance	Gloucestershire; Herefordshire; Shropshire; Staffordshire; West Midlands; Worcestershire	Helimed 03 Helimed 06 Helimed 09	G-HWAA G-EMAA G-OMAA	3 × EC 135	100px 100px
North West Air Ambulance	Cheshire; Cumbria; Lancashire; Greater Manchester; Merseyside	Helimed 8 Helimed 72 Helimed 75		3 × EC-135	100px 100px
Scotland's Charity Air Ambulance	Scotland	Helimed 76	G-SCAA	1 × EC-135	100px
Scottish Air Ambulance	Scotland	Helimed 2 Helimed 5 Gama xxx Gama xxx	G-SASN G-SASS G-SASC G-SASD	2 × EC-145 T2 2 × 200C	100px 100px
Surrey and Sussex Air Ambulance	East Sussex; Surrey; West Sussex & support in Kent	Helimed 60		MD-900	100px
Sussex Police Air Operations Unit	East Sussex; West Sussex	Hotel 900		MD-902	[4]
Thames Valley and Chiltern Air Ambulance	Berkshire; Buckinghamshire; Oxfordshire	Helimed 24		EC 135	[5]
Welsh Air Ambulance	Wales	Helimed 57 Helimed 59 Helimed 61		3 × EC 135	100px
Warwickshire & Northamptonshire Air Ambulance	Warwickshire; Northamptonshire	Helimed 53	G-RSCU	A109E	100px
Wiltshire Air Ambulance	Wiltshire	Helimed 22	G-WLTS	Bell 429	[6]
Yorkshire Air Ambulance	East Yorkshire; North Yorkshire; South Yorkshire; West Yorkshire	Helimed 98 Helimed 99	G-CEMS G-SASH	2 × MD-902	100px 100px

Patient transport operations

Privately operated fixed wing air ambulance from the UK

There are also a number of patient transport operations in the UK, generally using fixed wing aircraft, and which are part of a system of moving patients between points of care, or as part of a repatriation to the UK. There is a helicopter based patient transfer service, focused on paediatric cases, called the Children's Air Ambulance, which first flew in 2012.

The Scottish Ambulance Service operates two fixed wing aircraft in this role, and there is a similar service provided under contract in Northern Ireland, with patients flown to the mainland UK for treatment. In 2015 the neonatal, paediatric and adult emergency care and retrieval operations were brought together with the Scottish Ambulance Service and utilise the aircraft and road ambulances for this purpose. They are co-located at the Scottish Ambulance Air Base at Glasgow International Airport.

There are also a number of private providers offering transport by fixed wing aircraft.

Notable accidents involving air ambulances

• On 19 May 1996, a Britten-Norman Islander aircraft operated by Loganair for the Scottish Ambulance Service crashed short of the runway at Lerwick/Tingwall Airport in Orkney while turning to final approach at night during strong and gusting winds. The pilot was killed, and the physician and flight nurse were injured. There was no patient on board at the time.
• On 26 July 1998, the three man crew of the Kent Air Ambulance died when the aircraft collided with power lines and crashed in a field in Burham, near Rochester Airport. Initial investigation established no definitive cause for the crash, due to the fireball produced on impact. Controversy ensued when the pilot's employers, Police Aviation Services, denied liability. On 19 February 2004, following a civil case brought by the pilot's widow to the High Court in Manchester, it ruled that the crash was caused by mechanical failure, not as suggested flying low for fun, and ordered compensation to be paid.
• On 14 June 2000, four passengers and one pilot were killed when a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo Chieftain, chartered for a medical transfer from the Isle of Man, crashed on approach to Liverpool Airport.
• On 15 March 2005, a Britten-Norman Islander aircraft operated by Loganair crashed into the sea while descending toward Campbeltown Airport in western Scotland. The aircraft was operating an air ambulance flight on behalf of the Scottish Ambulance Service. The pilot and paramedic both died in the crash.

See also

• Police aviation in the United Kingdom

External links

• www.associationofairambulances.co.uk – The Association of Air Ambulances in the UK (full list of all air ambulances)