Alonso Enríquez
| Alonso Enríquez | |
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| Lord of Medina de Rioseco Admiral of Castile |
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| File:Arms of Alonso Enríquez, Admiral of Castile.svg
Arms of Alonso Enríquez
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| Spouse(s) | Juana de Mendoza y de Orozco |
| Noble family | House of Enríquez |
| Father | Fadrique Alfonso, Lord of Haro |
| Mother | Paloma |
| Born | 1354 Guadalcanal |
| Died | 1429 Guadalupe |
| Buried | Monastery of Santa Clara, Palencia |
Alonso Enríquez (Guadalcanal, 1354 Guadalupe, 1429) was Lord of Medina de Rioseco and Admiral of Castile.
Contents
Background
Alonso Enriquez de Castilla (Guadalcanal, 1354 - Guadalupe, Cáceres, 1429). Alonso was the son of Fadrique Alfonso, 25th Master of the Order of Santiago, and an unnamed lady. His father was murdered on 29 May 1358 in the Alcázar of Seville, on the orders of his brother Peter. He was the founder of the lineage of Enriquez, and is the first Admiral of Castile of his family since 1405, and first lord of Medina de Rio Seco. By paternal grandparents were King Alfonso XI and Leonor de Guzman. He was a brother of Pedro Enriquez de Castilla, Count of Trastámara, Lemos, Sarria, Constable of Castile and beadle greater Santiago. His other sister was Eleanor of Castile and Angulo Enriquez of Cordova, who married the Marshal of Castile Diego Gomez Sarmiento. He was the paternal grandson of King Alfonso XI the Just, a nephew of King Henry II and cousin of King Juan I.
Biography
Alonso Enriquez remained hidden while living with his uncle Pedro I of Castile, who ordered to kill his father in 1358 in the Alcazar of Seville. Although contemporary Castilian chroniclers wrapped the figure of his mother in mystery and later genealogists do not mention her, other authors, for example, the Portuguese Fernando Lopez wrote in connection with events that occurred in 1384, that the Admiral was the son of a Jewess. The "Memorial of old things" attributed to the dean of Toledo, Diego de Castilla, said Frederic had Alonso from a Jewess from Guadalcanal called Paloma. Tells a story where King Ferdinand the Catholic was hunting and was a hawk with a heron and both walked away, leaving the king to follow, and Martin de Rojas was always with abandon hawk until he saw the heron and pull after a dove. Asking the king for his hawk, Martin replied, "Lord, there goes after our grandmother", being a descendant of Martin Paloma.1 In 1389, John I of Castile gave him the area around Aguilar de Campos. In later years, he managed to extend his territory. Until 1402, he served the King as a commander and administered the castle of Medina de Rioseco. In 1387, Alonso married Juana de Mendoza y de Orozco. By 1395 his wife returned with the construction of the Monastery of Santa Clara de Palencia, who had been begun by Henry II of Castile and his wife Queen Juana Manuel, projecting the church and cemetery of the Admirals of Castilla. It is conjectured that it must have been at the behest of his wife, which, upon the death of his brother, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, who held the post of Admiral of Castile, won the title passed to her husband. Office, and transmitted to the female of Mendoza, in addition to military action in the sea, involved civil and criminal jurisdiction over all ports of the kingdom of Granada, culminating three years with the taking of Antequera. Enrique Alonso In 1405 Henry III received the title of Admiral of Castile. The Enríquez family held this post from 1405 to 1705. Alsonso was the most famous admiral in the family, winning many sea battles.
In 1407, he defeated the combined fleet of Tunis (Hafsid), Granada (Nasrid) and Tlemcen (Capital city of the Zianid Kingdom of Tlemcen). This was his last major sea battle. Afterward, he inspected the fleet and led military actions on land, such as the capture of Antequera in 1410. He was involved in the court's political undertakings and in its feasts.[1]
In 1421, John II of Castile granted the lordship of Medina de Rio Seco "and for the many good and loyal and outstanding and distinguished services to the King Don Juan fecisteis my grandfather and to King Henry my father and my lord, and I date abed and fazes me," instead he chose to settle and establish primogeniture in favor of their children. The city is since known as the City of the admirals. At the end of his life, he retired to the monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe, where he died in 1429 at the age of 75. He was buried with his wife and several children in the monastery of Santa Clara de Palencia, which had been fundadores.
In his will, he left the monastery 11000maravedís for the construction of four chapels. His widow donated another 10000maravedís.
The poet and biographer Fernán Pérez de Guzmán, a contemporary of Alonso's, described him as medium-sized, chubby, red-haired, discrete and not a talker. The historian Esteban de Garibay (1533–1600) described him as hot-tempered and quickly irritated.
Nuptials and offspring
In 1387, Alonso Enriquez, posing as his servant, asked Juana de Mendoza (widow from the Battle of Aljubarrota, August 1385), if she would marry his Lord (himself). The simulator Alonso received the answer that Alonso Enríquez was the son of a "pig" (family of converted Jews), which slapped the event raised. Rinsing the trickery, it is said that requested the presence of a priest to marry them "for not say that any man had put his hand in it not being her husband." It is also said that on one occasion coming from late night, had to sleep with all his company in the field to receive an explanation the next day, the haughty Mendoza, that "a dignified Castilian does not open the doors of his castle to anyone at night. "
The result of his marriage to Juana de Mendoza were thirteen children:
- Fadrique Enriquez (first-born, c. 1388), married to Mariana Fernandez de Cordoba and Ayala, and father of Queen Juana of Aragon;
- Enrique Enríquez de Mendoza (died c. 1489), parent of Toledo and Enriquez Enriquez de Guzman, Count of Alba de Liste title since August 8, 1451 by John II of Castile;
- Pedro Enriquez, who died as a child (not be confused with Pedro Enriquez de Quinones, son of his brother Frederic Enriquez);
- Beatriz Enríquez (? -1439), married to Pedro de Portocarrero and Cabeza de Vaca, lord of Moguer, son of Martin Fernandez Portocarrero, lord of Moguer IV, and Eleanor Cabeza de Vaca; she was buried in the Convent of Poor Clares of Mudejar style Moguer;
- Leonor Enríquez, married in 1410 to Rodrigo Pimentel Alonso Téllez de Meneses, Count of Benavente II;
- Aldonza Enríquez, married in 1410 to Rodrigo Alvarez Osorio;
- Isabel Enriquez (? -1469), married to Juan Ramirez de Arellano, lord of the Cameros;
- Inés Enríquez, married to Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, lord of Almazan;
- Blanca Enriquez, married to Pedro Nunez de Herrera, lord of Herrera and second Lord of Pedraza; a daughter of this marriage, Elvira de Herrera y Enríquez, married Pedro Fernández de Córdoba, Lord of Aguilar V, being parents, among others, of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, the Great Captain;
- Constanza Enriquez, married to Juan de Tovar, Lord of Berlanga;
- Maria Enriquez (? -1441), married to Juan de Rojas and Manrique, lord of Monzón Campos and fit in 1431, mayor of Castile and doncel Hijosdalgo the king, who took part in the Battle of La Higueruela in The Vega of Granada, next to John II of Castile and the Constable Alvaro de Luna;
- Mencia Enriquez (? -1480), married in 1430 to Juan Fernandez Manrique de Lara, Count de Castañeda since 1436;
- Rodrigo Enriquez, whom his mother in his will of 1431 leaves some property, calling him "my son, the Archdeacon Rodrigo Enriquez."; he was buried in the Cathedral of Palencia.
Out of wedlock he had an illegitimate son:
- Juan Enriquez, whom his father, before going to Seville, he left as captain general of the fleet as it was a "tried and true knight."
Legend of the Christ of the Clear
In the chapel of the Holy Christ of the Church of Santa Clara de Palencia a reclining Christ is venerated introduced in a glass case. It is said that Alonso ships sailing in the war against the Moors in the years 1407 to 1410, a lookout spotted something strange glowed. Approaching to address it found that it was a glass case that housed the image of Christ yacente. Alonso surprised by the finding in such a place, decided to move to Palenzuela. Being transported on the back of an animal, escorted by soldiers and knights, to reach this Reinoso de Cerrato stubbornly decided to stop in front of the castle where they had resided Clarisse. Let the animal to its air is directed toward the monastery of Poor Clares, deciding it was for these divine decision, so they left the picture there for veneration, now known as the Christ of the Claras.
Footnotes
- ↑ Esteban Ortega Gato: Los Enríquez, Almirantes de Castilla, Publicaciones de la Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses, ISSN 0210-7317, issue 70, 1999
