American Impressionism
American Impressionism was a style of painting related to European Impressionism and practiced by American artists in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. American Impressionism is a style of painting characterized by loose brushwork and vivid colors.
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An emerging artistic style from Paris
Impressionism emerged as an artistic style in France in the 1860s. Major exhibitions of French impressionist works in Boston and New York in the 1880s introduced the style to the American public. Some of the first American artists to paint in an impressionistic mode, such as Theodore Robinson, did so in the late 1880s after visiting France and meeting with artists such as Claude Monet. Others, such as Childe Hassam, took notice of the increasing numbers of French impressionist works at American exhibitions.
Trailblazers from the turn of the 20th century
From the 1890s through the 1910s, American impressionism flourished in art colonies—loosely affiliated groups of artists who lived and worked together and shared a common aesthetic vision. Art colonies tended to form in small towns that provided affordable living, abundant scenery for painting, and relatively easy access to large cities where artists could sell their work. Some of the most important American impressionist artists gathered at Cos Cob and Old Lyme, Connecticut, both on Long Island Sound; New Hope, Pennsylvania, on the Delaware River; and Brown County, Indiana. American impressionist artists also thrived in California at Carmel and Laguna Beach; in New York on eastern Long Island at Shinnecock, largely due to the influence of William Merritt Chase; and in Boston where Edmund Charles Tarbell and Frank Weston Benson became important practitioners of the impressionist style.
Jazz Age Decline
Some American art colonies remained vibrant centers of impressionist art into the 1920s. However, impressionism in America lost its cutting-edge status in 1913 when a historic exhibition of modern art took place at the 69th Regiment Armory building in New York City. The “Armory Show”, as it came to be called, heralded a new painting style regarded as more in touch with the increasingly fast-paced and chaotic world, especially with the outbreak of World War I, The Great Depression and World War II.
Notable American impressionists
Prominent impressionist painters, from the United States include:
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- J. Ottis Adams
- Lucy Bacon
- George Herbert Baker
- Thomas P. Barnett
- Reynolds Beal
- Marilyn Bendell
- Frank Weston Benson
- Johann Berthelsen
- Warren Eugene Brandon
- John Leslie Breck[1][2]
- Matilda Browne
- John Elwood Bundy
- Dennis Miller Bunker
- Theodore Earl Butler
- Mary Cassatt
- William Merritt Chase
- Alson S. Clark
- Colin Campbell Cooper
- Paul Cornoyer
- Joseph DeCamp
- Thomas Dewing
- George W Dinckel
- Frank DuMond
- John Joseph Enneking
- Frederick Carl Frieseke
- John Marshall Gamble
- Daniel Garber
- Arthur Hill Gilbert
- Edmund Greacen
- Richard Gruelle
- Childe Hassam
- Wilson Irvine
- Charles S. Kaelin
- Joseph Kleitsch (California Impressionist)
- Albert Henry Krehbiel
- William Langson Lathrop
- Hayley Lever
- Willard Metcalf
- Abram Molarsky
- Robertson Kirtland Mygatt
- George Loftus Noyes
- Frank Nuderscher
- Leonard Ochtman
- Julian Onderdonk
- William McGregor Paxton
- Edgar Alwin Payne
- Lilla Cabot Perry
- Fritz Poock
- Edward Henry Potthast
- Edward Willis Redfield
- Robert Reid
- Theodore Robinson
- Guy Rose
- John Singer Sargent
- Paul Sawyier
- Edward Simmons
- Sueo Serisawa (California Impressionist)
- George Sotter
- Anna Huntington Stanley
- Otto Stark
- T. C. Steele
- Edmund Charles Tarbell
- John Henry Twachtman
- Edward Charles Volkert
- Robert Vonnoh
- Clark Voorhees
- Marion Wachtel
- J. Alden Weir
- Mary Agnes Yerkes
Gallery
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Cassatt Mary Lilacs in a Window 1880.jpg
Mary Cassatt, Lilacs in a Window, 1880
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Childe Hassam, Celia Thaxter's Garden, 1890, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
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John Singer Sargent, "Dolce Far Niente", 1907, Brooklyn Museum
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Edmund C. Tarbell, In the Orchard, 1891, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC.
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William Merritt Chase, Idle Hours, 1894, Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas
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Edward Henry Potthast, "On the Beach", c.1913, Brooklyn Museum
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John Henry Twachtman, The White Bridge, ca. 1895, Minneapolis Institute of Arts
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J. Alden Weir, Ravine near Branchville, c. 1905-1915, Dallas Museum of Art
See also
References
Sources
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External links
- American Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, a fully digitized 3 volume exhibition catalog
- American impressionism and realism : a landmark exhibition from the Met, a 1991 exhibition catalog from the Metropolitan Museum of Art libraries
- smARThistory: Cassatt's The Cup of Tea
- Weir Farm:Home of an American Impressionist, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
- Impressionism at the Smithsonian American Art Museum