Antonov An-148

An-148/An-158
Antonov An-148
Role	Regional jet airliner
National origin	Ukraine
Design group	Antonov
Built by	Antonov Serial Plant (Ukraine), Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (Russia)
First flight	17 December 2004 (An-148) 28 April 2010 (An-158)
Introduction	2 June 2009
Status	In production, in service
Primary users	Rossiya Airlines Cubana de Aviación Ukraine Air Enterprise
Number built	40
Program cost	US$ 592 million
Unit cost	US$ 24-30 million for An-148 US$ 28-30 million for An-158
Developed into	Antonov An-178

The Antonov An-148 (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-148) is a regional jet airliner designed by the Ukrainian Antonov company and produced by Antonov itself and also on outsource by Russia's Voronezh Aircraft Production Association. Development of the aircraft was started in the 1990s, and the maiden flight took place on 17 December 2004. The aircraft completed its certification programme on 26 February 2007. The An-148 has a maximum range of 2,100–4,400 km (1,100–2,400 nmi; 1,300–2,700 mi) and is able to carry 68–85 passengers, depending on the configuration.

The Antonov An-158 is a stretched fuselage version of the aircraft, accommodating up to 99 passengers.

Features

The An-148 aircraft is a high-wing monoplane with two turbofan jet engines mounted in pods under the wing. This arrangement protects the engines and wing structure against damage from foreign objects (FOD). A built-in auto-diagnosis system, auxiliary power unit, high reliability, and the wing configuration allow the An-148 to be used at poorly equipped airfields. Modern flight and navigation equipment, featuring five 15 by 20 cm (5.9 by 7.9 in) liquid crystal display (LCD) panels built by Russia’s Aviapribor and a fly-by-wire system enable the An-148 aircraft to operate day and night, under Instrument flight rules (IFR) and Visual flight rules (VFR) weather conditions on high density air routes. Similar to the Boeing 737, the main landing gear rotates into the belly of the aircraft when in flight, with partial doors covering the legs and the sides of the tires remaining exposed. Other design advantages include the high fuel-efficiency of the Motor Sich D-436-148 engines and entrance stairs that enable boarding and deboarding the aircraft without extra ground equipment.

Design, development and production

The beginning of the An-148 project dates to the early 1990s, when work on the Antonov An-74 passenger modification started, headed by Petro Balabuev. In 2001, the project was renamed to An-148. The An-74 fuselage was extended and the new aircraft's wing design was created from scratch. The developers initially used the Motor Sich D-436-148 engines. Other variants with Western-made engines with thrust of 58.86–78.48 kN (6,002–8,003 kgf; 13,230–17,640 lbf) (such as the General Electric CF34 or Rolls-Royce BR700) are being considered.

In 2002, production of the first 3 prototypes was begun at AVIANT. On 17 December 2004, the first prototype completed its maiden flight. Second prototype joined the testing programme in April 2005. During the certification programme, the two prototypes performed about 600 flights in total. On 26 February 2007 the aircraft, its D-436-148 engine and the AI-450-МS auxiliary power unit were certified by the Interstate Aviation Committee of Russia and the State Aviation Administration of Ukraine. On 28 June 2009, the first serially produced An-148, manufactured at VASO in Voronezh took to the skies.

The An-148 is manufactured by the Ukrainian Kiev AVIANT plant (now "Antonov Serial Production Plant") and Russia's Voronezh Aircraft Production Association (VASO). Although numerous companies are involved in the project, at least 70% of the aircraft's hardware is made by Russian manufacturers. The An-148's list price is about $24–30 million. The main problem with the project has been increasing the aircraft's sluggish production rate. The then-independent AVIANT plant initially failed to satisfy to growing orders, leading to VASO's growing involvement in the aircraft's assembly.

Total Production	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004
39	5	5	9	4	6	6	2	0	0	0	1	1

Variants

A Air Koryo An-148

File:Cubana - Antonov An-158.jpg

A Cubana de Aviación An-158

The An-148-100 regional aircraft is the main model of the An-148. It seats 70 passengers at 864 mm (34.0 in) or up to 80 passengers at 762 mm (30.0 in) pitch in a one class 2+3 seating layout. The aircraft is also configurable in a multiple-class layout which can carry fewer passengers, typically with 4 abreast business class.

For Siberian operators, Antonov plans a model with a higher gross weight and additional fuel capacity in the center tank, extending the range with 75 passengers from 2,198 km (1,187 nmi; 1,366 mi) to 3,598 km (1,943 nmi; 2,236 mi). An “E” variant is also planned to offer a special 5,100 km (2,800 nmi; 3,200 mi) range, which would serve as a platform for the "E1", capable of non-stop Moscow-Vladivostok 6,995 km (3,777 nmi; 4,346 mi) services carrying 44 passengers.

An-148-100A

main version of the An-148. It has a passenger capacity of 75 in a one-class standard configuration (85 dense) or 68 in a two-class configuration and a range of 2,100 km (1,100 nmi; 1,300 mi)

An-148-100Bc

extended range version up to 3,500 km (1,900 nmi; 2,200 mi)

An-148-100E

extended range version up to 4,400 km (2,400 nmi; 2,700 mi) and a maximum take-off weight (MTOW) of 43.7 t (43,700 kg; 96,000 lb)

An-148-200

unified with An-158 by the rear part of the fuselage. Hence maximum seating capacity is increased to 89 passengers in dense configuration, comparing to 85 for An-148-100. Planned for production in Kiev with An-158.

An-148-300

previously called An-168, business variant, seating between 8 and 40 passengers, with a range up to 7,000 km (3,800 nmi; 4,300 mi)

An-158

stretched fuselage version for 99 passengers in a one-class standard configuration. Other changes include the installation of wingtip fences. The airplane successfully completed its first flight on 28 April 2010, with flight certification tests planned to be completed before the end of 2010; on 3 March 2011, it was given Russian certification. Nowadays, after flight and land test in night lands airports of Ecuador (Latacunga / Cotopaxi International Airport, 2806 m AMSL) and Bolivia (La Paz / El Alto International Airport, 4061 m AMSL) in November 2013 prepare documentation for obtaining correspondent supplements to the type certificate of this airplane.

An-178

cargo variant, with a payload capacity of 15 t (15,000 kg; 33,000 lb). The wing outer panels (including winglets), front fuselage with cockpit and nose wheel leg come from the An-158. The cargo hold is slightly enlarged, and there is an extra pair of main-wheels on each side.

HESA IrAn-148

Designation of An-148 aircraft proposed for licence production from knocked down kits in Iran.

Orders and operational history

The first Russian-built An-148 at the MAKS 2009 airshow

In April 2005, the Ilyushin Finance Leasing Company ordered the first series of An-148 for the Krasair airline. Lease agreement calls for 10 aircraft with an option on 5 units valued at $270 million.

On 2 June 2009, the first An-148 entered commercial service with the Ukrainian carrier Aerosvit. The first passenger flight was from Kharkov to Kiev; the aircraft had the civilian registration UR-NTA. By November 2009, Aerosvit was operating the An-148 on the Kiev–Odessa and Simferopol–Lviv routes, performing two flights a day with the average flight time of 4–5 hours.

On 21 December 2009, the An-148 was put into service in Russia with Rossiya airline. The first passenger flight was FV135 from Pulkovo Airport in Sankt Petersburg to Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. By 20 May 2010, Rossiya's An-148 fleet had accumulated a total of 915 flight hours and performed 710 landings. Rossiya complained that the aircraft experienced some reliability problems. There were some technical problems with the aircraft, and pilot training could not be ramped up fast enough, leading to pilot shortages. However, by 2011 the situation had clearly improved.

On 15 February 2010, the An-148 started international flights to the European Union (Poland) with the Aerosvit airline.

On 18 April 2013, the first serial An-158 version was delivered to the Cuban flagship airline Cubana de Aviación. According to Antonov, Cubana additionally ordered 2 more aircraft, while other sources report this order to be for 10 aircraft.

On 28 April 2013, Ukraine’s Antonov aircraft maker handed over a third An-158 passenger airliner to Cuba and signed a contract for the delivery of three more.

The Russian ambassador in Bolivia and the government of Evo Morales are negotiating the acquisition of one aircraft of this type for the use as the presidential carrier and other 8 for the state-owned airlines: Boliviana de Aviación (BoA) and Transporte Aéreo Militar (TAM).

In April 2016,Indian company Reliance defense limited and Antonov entered into an agreement to construct an aircraft based on An 148/ An 158 for defense and commercial purposes.

Specifications

Rollout ceremony of the first Ukrainian-built, serially produced An-148 in December 2009

Cockpit of an An-148-100B

Measurement	148-100A	148-100B	148-100E	158
Cockpit crew	2
Seating capacity	85 (1-class, dense) 75 (1-class, typical) 68 (2-class, typical)			99 (1-class, dense) 90 (1-class, typical) 86 (2-class, typical)
Seat pitch	30 in (1-class, dense) 32 in (1-class, typical) 35 & 32 in (2-class, typical)			30 in (1-class, dense) 32 in (1-class, typical) 34 & 31 in (2-class, typical)
Length	29.13 metres (95 ft 7 in)			30.83 metres (101 ft 2 in)
Wingspan	28.91 metres (94 ft 10 in)			28.56 metres (93 ft 8 in)
Wing area	87.32 square metres (939.9 sq ft)			–
Height	8.19 metres (26 ft 10 in)			8.20 metres (26 ft 11 in)
Cabin Width	3.15 metres (10 ft 4 in)
Cabin Height	2.00 metres (6 ft 7 in)
Maximum take-off weight	38,550 kilograms (84,990 lb)	41,950 kilograms (92,480 lb)	43,700 kilograms (96,300 lb)
Maximum payload	9,000 kilograms (20,000 lb)			9,800 kilograms (21,600 lb)
Cargo capacity	14.60 m3 (516 cu ft)			–
Takeoff run at MTOW	1,560 metres (5,120 ft)	1,800 metres (5,900 ft)	1,885 metres (6,184 ft)	1,900 metres (6,200 ft)
Service ceiling	12,200 metres (40,000 ft)
Cruising speed	800 km/h to 870 km/h (497 mph to 541 mph)
Range fully loaded (with 75 pax for 148 variant)	2,100 kilometres (1,300 mi)	3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi)	4,400 kilometres (2,700 mi)	2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi)
Fuel consumption	1,550 kg/h (3,417 lb/h)	1,600 kg/h (3,527 lb/h)	1,650 kg/h (3,638 lb/h)	1,800 kg/h (3,968 lb/h)
Engine (x 2)	Progress D-436
Max. thrust (x 2)	6,400 Kgf 14,080 lbf (63.0 kN)			6,830 Kgf 15,026 lbf (67.0 kN)

Sources: Antonov Design Bureau, United Aircraft Corporation, flightglobal.com, Aviant.

Current orders and deliveries

An An-158 during a flight display

Airline	Order	Delivered	Refs
Air Koryo	2	2
Angara Airlines	5	5
Ministry of Defence	15	8
Ministry of Emergency Situations	2	2
Russian Presidential Administration	5	3
Rossiya	6	6
Ukraine Air Enterprise	2	2
Border Guard Service of Russia	3	2
Cubana de Aviación	10	6
Syrian Air	10	0
Total	56	36

Incidents and accidents

On 5 March 2011, an Antonov An-148 (assembled by VASO) carrying test registration 61708 crashed during a test flight in Belgorod region, Russia, after an inflight break-up killing all 6 crew members on board. An investigation commission found that the crew permitted the aircraft to accelerate more than 60 knots above its "Never Exceed" speed in an emergency descent, which led to the inflight break-up. Witnesses on the ground reported a wing had separated from the aircraft in flight. The aircraft was due to be delivered to Myanmar, where two of the dead were from.

See also

Related development

• Antonov An-72/An-74
• Antonov An-178

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• BAe 146/Avro RJ
• Bombardier CRJ700 series
• Comac ARJ21
• Embraer E-Jet family
• Fokker 70
• Mitsubishi MRJ 70/MRJ 90
• Sukhoi Superjet 100
• Tupolev Tu-334

External links

• Antonov An-148 page on the Antonov website
• Antonov An-158 page on the Antonov website
• Promotional video of the An-148 by Antonov
• 3D-model Antonov ASTC. An-148 twin jet airliner for the ″3D Buildings″ layer inside Google Earth
• 3D-model An-148 jet aircraft take off, Kyiv for the ″3D Buildings″ layer inside Google Earth