Andean foreland basins
The Andean foreland basins or Sub-Andean basins are a group of foreland basin located in the western half of South America immediately east of the Andes mountains. The Andean foreland basins in the Amazon Rivers catchment area are known as the Amazonian foreland basins.[1]
In part sediment accumulation, uplift and subsidence of the Andean foreland basins is controlled by transverse zones of "structural accommodation", likely corresponding to ancient continent-wide faults. From the Bolivian Orocline (20° S, also known as Arica Deflection or Arica Elbow) north these zones of accommodation runs with a NEE-SWW orientation and south of the orocline they run with a NW-SE orientation.[2] The Andean foreland basins in Bolivia have largely accumulated continental sediments, most of them of clastic nature.[3]
Beginning in 1920 the Ecuadorian and Peruvian basins were explored for petroleum and in the 1970s their hydrocarbon production increased greatly.[1]
| Name | Latitude | Country | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Venezuela Basin | 10–8° N | Venezuela | The Eastern Venezuela Basin lies between several geological structures. To the south it bounds Guiana Shield, to the north metamorphic rocks of the easternmost Andes, to the west the Espino Graben, to the northeast the Barbados accretionary complex and to the east it bounds to the oceanic crust of the Atlantic Ocean.[4] |
| Barinas Basin | 10–7° N | Colombia, Venezuela | |
| Los Llanos Basin | 7–1° N | Colombia, Venezuela | |
| Oriente Basin | 3° N–11° S | Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru | The Oriente Basin owes its configuration to the tectonic inversion of rift of Triassic-Jurassic age due to the tectonic conditions of transpression that have prevailed in the region since the Late Cretaceous.[5] |
| Ucayali Basin | 6–12° S | Peru | |
| Madre de Dios Basin | 10–13° S | Brazil, Bolivia, Peru | |
| Beni Plain Basin | 13–17° S | Bolivia | |
| Santa Cruz Basin | 17–23° S | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay | |
| Northwest Basin | 22–32° S | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay | |
| Cuyo Basin | 27–37° S | Argentina | The Cuyo Basin is an elongated sedimetary basin of NNW-SSE orientation limited to the west by the Sierra Pintada System and to the by the Pampean pericraton. To the north the basin reaches the area around the city of Mendoza. The basin existed already during the Triassic but its current shape is derivative of the Andean orogeny.[6] |
| Neuquén Basin | 34–40° S | Argentina, Chile | Neuquén Basin is a sedimentary basin that originated in the Jurassic and developed through alternating continental and marine conditions well into the Tertiary. The basin bounds to the west with the Andean Volcanic Belt, to the southeast with the North Patagonian Massif and to the northeast with the Sierra Pintada System.[7] |
| Magallanes Basin Austral Basin |
48–54° S | Argentina, Chile | The Magallanes Basin is a foreland basin located in southern Patagonia. The basin covers a surface of about 170.000–200.000 km2 and has a NNW-SSE oriented shape.[8][9] The basin evolved from being an extensional back-arc basin in the Mesozoic to being a compressional foreland basin in the Cenozoic.[10] |
References
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