Sakharov Prize

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For other uses, see Sakharov Prize (disambiguation).
Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought
Remise du Prix Sakharov à Aung San Suu Kyi Strasbourg 22 octobre 2013-21.jpg
The awarding ceremony of the 1990 prize awarded to Aung San Suu Kyi inside the Parliament's Strasbourg hemicycle, in 2013.
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Presented by European Parliament
Reward €50,000[1]
First awarded 1988
Currently held by Raif Badawi
Official website Official website Sakharov Prize Network website

The Sakharov Prize, officially known as the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought and named after Russian scientist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament as a means to honour individuals and groups of people who have dedicated their lives to the defense of human rights and freedom of thought.[2] A shortlist of nominees is drawn up by the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Development, with the winner announced in October.[1] The prize is accompanied by a monetary award of €50,000.[1]

The first prize was awarded jointly to South African Nelson Mandela and Russian Anatoly Marchenko. The 1990 award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi, but she could not collect it until 2013 as a result of her political imprisonment in Burma. The prize has also been awarded to organisations, the first being the Argentine Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in 1992.

Some Sakharov laureates still face harsh political oppression. Laureates living under repressive regimes include the Belarusian Association of Journalists (2004), Damas de Blanco and Guillermo Fariñas (Cuba, 2005 and 2010), Alaksandar Milinkievič (Belarus, 2006) and Hu Jia (China, 2008). Razan Zaitouneh (2011) was kidnapped in 2013 and is still missing. Nasrin Sotoudeh (2012) was released from prison in September 2013, and, along with fellow 2012 laureate Jafar Panahi, is still barred from leaving Iran.

Three Sakharov laureates were subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize: Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, and Malala Yousafzai.

Laureates

Nelson Mandela was the inaugural winner of the prize, together with Anatoly Marchenko.
The awarding ceremony of the 1990 prize awarded to Aung San Suu Kyi inside the Parliament's Strasbourg hemicycle, in 2013. Suu Kyi could not collect it before as she had been political prisoner for years.
File:Damas de Blanco demonstration in Havana, Cuba.jpg
Members of Ladies in White, a 2005 laureate, demonstrate in Havana, Cuba.
Doctor Denis Mukwege, recipient of the prize in 2014
Writer Raif Badawi, recipient of the prize in 2015
Year Recipient Nationality Notes Reference
1988 Nelson Mandela South Africa Anti-apartheid activist and later President of South Africa [3]
1988 Anatoly Marchenko (posthumously) Soviet Union Soviet dissident, author and human rights activist [3]
1989 Alexander Dubček Czechoslovakia Slovak politician, attempted to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring [3]
1990 Aung San Suu Kyi Burma Opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy [4]
1991 Adem Demaçi Kosovo Kosovo Albanian Politician and long-term political prisoner [3]
1992 Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo Argentina Association of Argentine mothers whose children disappeared during the Dirty War [4]
1993 Oslobođenje Bosnia and Herzegovina Popular newspaper that defended Bosnia and Herzegovina as a multi-ethnic state [4]
1994 Taslima Nasrin Bangladesh Ex-doctor, feminist author [4]
1995 Leyla Zana Turkey Politician of Kurdish descent from Southeastern Turkey, who was imprisoned for 10 years for speaking her native language of Kurdish in the Turkish Parliament [3]
1996 Wei Jingsheng China An activist in the Chinese democracy movement [4]
1997 Salima Ghezali Algeria Journalist and writer, an activist of women's rights, human rights and democracy in Algeria [4]
1998 Ibrahim Rugova Kosovo Albanian politician, the first President of Kosovo [3]
1999 Xanana Gusmão East Timor Former militant who was the first President of East Timor [5]
2000 ¡Basta Ya! Spain Organisation uniting individuals of various political positions against terrorism [6]
2001 Nurit Peled-Elhanan Israel Peace activist [3]
2001 Izzat Ghazzawi Palestine Writer, professor [3]
2001 Dom Zacarias Kamwenho Angola Archbishop and peace activist [3]
2002 Oswaldo Payá Cuba Political activist and dissident [7]
2003 Kofi Annan (& United Nations) Ghana Nobel Peace Prize recipient and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations [3]
2004 Belarusian Association of Journalists Belarus Non-governmental organisation "aiming to ensure freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information and promoting professional standards of journalism" [8]
2005 Ladies in White Cuba Opposition movement, relatives of jailed dissidents [9]
2005 Reporters Without Borders International France-based non-governmental organisation advocating freedom of the press [9]
2005 Hauwa Ibrahim Nigeria Human rights lawyer [9]
2006 Alaksandar Milinkievič Belarus Politician chosen by United Democratic Forces of Belarus as the joint candidate of the opposition in the presidential elections of 2006 [10]
2007 Salih Mahmoud Osman Sudan Human rights lawyer [4]
2008 Hu Jia China Activist and dissident [11]
2009 Memorial Russia International civil rights and historical society [12]
2010 Guillermo Fariñas Cuba Doctor, journalist and political dissident [13]
2011 Asmaa Mahfouz,
Ahmed al-Senussi,
Razan Zaitouneh,
Ali Farzat,
Mohamed Bouazizi (posthumously)		 Egypt
Libya
Syria
Syria
Tunisia		 Five representatives of the Arab people, in recognition and support of their drive for freedom and human rights. [14]
2012 Jafar Panahi,
Nasrin Sotoudeh		 Iran Iranian activists, Sotoudeh is a lawyer and Panahi is a film director. [15][16]
2013 Malala Yousafzai Pakistan Campaigner for women's rights and education [17]
2014 Denis Mukwege DR Congo Gynecologist treating victims of gang rape [18]
2015 Raif Badawi Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian writer and activist and the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals [19]

Notes and references

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  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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