Annona muricata
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| Annona muricata | |
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| Soursop fruit on its tree | |
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A. muricata
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| Binomial name | |
| Annona muricata |
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| Synonyms | |
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Annona macrocarpa Wercklé |
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Annona muricata is a species of the genus Annona of the custard apple tree family, Annonaceae, known mostly for its edible fruit. The fruit is usually called soursop due to its slightly acidic taste when ripe. A. muricata is native to the Caribbean and Central America but is now widely cultivated – and in some areas, becoming invasive – in tropical climates throughout the world.
Contents
Description
- Habit
- Annona muricata is a small, upright, evergreen tree that can grow to about 4 metres (13 ft) tall.[4][5]
- Stems and leaves
- The young branches are hairy.[5]
- Leaves are oblong to oval, 8 centimetres (3.1 in) to 16 centimetres (6.3 in) long and 3 centimetres (1.2 in) to 7 centimetres (2.8 in) wide. Glossy dark green with no hairs above, paler and minutely hairy to no hairs below.[5]
- The leaf stalks are 4 millimetres (0.16 in) to 13 millimetres (0.51 in) long and without hairs.[5]
- Flowers
- Flower stalks (peduncles) are 2 millimetres (0.079 in) to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long and woody. They appear opposite from the leaves or as an extra from near the leaf stalk, each with one or two flowers, occasionally a third.[5]
- Stalks for the individual flowers (pedicels) are stout and woody, minutely hairy to hairless and 15 millimetres (0.59 in) to 20 millimetres (0.79 in) with small bractlets nearer to the base which are densely hairy.[5]
- Petals are thick and yellowish. Outer petals meet at the edges without overlapping and are broadly ovate, 2.8 centimetres (1.1 in) to 3.3 centimetres (1.3 in) by 2.1 centimetres (0.83 in) to 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in), tapering to a point with a heart shaped base. Evenly thick, covered with long, slender, soft hairs externally and matted finely with soft hairs within. Inner petals are oval shaped and overlap. 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) to 2.8 centimetres (1.1 in) by 2 centimetres (0.79 in). Sharply angled and tapering at the base. Margins are comparatively thin, with fine matted soft hairs on both sides. The receptacle is conical and hairy. Stamens 4.5 millimetres (0.18 in) long and narrowly wedge-shaped. The connective-tip terminate abruptly and anther hollows are unequal. Sepals are quite thick and do not overlap. Carpels are linear and basally growing from one base. The ovaries are covered with dense reddish brown hairs, 1-ovuled, style short and stigma truncate.[5]
- Fruits and reproduction
- Dark green, prickly (or bristled) fruits are egg-shaped and can be up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long,[5] with a moderately firm texture.[6] Flesh is juicy, acid, whitish[6] and aromatic.[5]
- Abundant seeds[6] the average weight of 1000 fresh seeds is 470 grams (17 oz) and had an average oil content of 24%.[7] When dried for 3 days in 60 °C (140 °F) the average seed weight was 322 grams (11.4 oz) and were tolerant of the moisture extraction; showing no problems for long-term storage under reasonable conditions.[8]
Distribution
Annona muricata is tolerant of poor soil[6] and prefers lowland areas between the altitudes of 0 metres (0 ft) to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). It cannot stand frost.[4][5]
- Native
- Neotropic:
- Caribbean: Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Barbados
- North America: México
- Central America: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Belize
- South America: Bolivia, Brasil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador
- Africa:Republic of Congo, Ghana, Madagascar, Liberia
Toxicology
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The compound annonacin, which is contained in the seeds of soursop, is a neurotoxin associated with neurodegenerative disease.[9]
Subspecies which are synonyms
- Annona muricata var. borinquensis[3]
Annona muircata oil
Soursop Oil offers many properties which includes antibacterial, astringent, hypotensive and sedative to name a few. Their traditional uses are to treat asthma, chills, fever, flue, high blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness, rheumatism and skin diseases.[10] Use it in creams, lotions and ointments to relieve itching of dry skin and eczema and psoriasis symptoms. The seed has high amount of magnesium and potassium with respect to the fruit pulp.[11]
| Physical and chemical characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Acetyl value | 66,7 |
| Linoleic acid | 12 - 33% |
| Oleic acid | 41 - 58% |
| Palmitic | 16% |
| Acid value | 0,93 |
| Saturated | 28,07% |
| Insaturated | 71,93% |
References
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- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.auxmaillesgodefroy.com/guanabana_oil
- ↑ http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alexander_Schauss/publication/236834878_Soursop_%28Annona_muricata_L.%29_uses_composition_nutritional_value_medicinal_uses_and_toxicology/links/0deec51af83ea52596000000.pdf
External links
Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Annona muricata at Wikispecies- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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