Edwin Sandys (bishop)
| The Most Reverend Edwin Sandys |
|
|---|---|
| Archbishop of York | |
 |
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| Installed | 1576 |
| Term ended | 1588 |
| Predecessor | Edmund Grindal |
| Successor | John Piers |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1516 Esthwaite Hall |
| Died | 1588 |
Archbishop Edwin Sandys (1519–1588) was an English prelate. He was Anglican Bishop of Worcester (1559–1570), London (1570–1576) and Archbishop of York (1576–1588) during the reign of Elizabeth I of England. He was one of the translators of the Bishops' Bible.
Contents
Early years and education
Edwin was born in 1519 at Esthwaite Hall, which is 1 mile south of Hawkshead, Cumbria, on the road to Newby Bridge. The Hall nestles in the valley and overlooks Esthwaite Water. Today it is still a family home, although the Sandys family now reside in the grander Graythwaite Hall, a few miles further south. He was the son of William Sandys and Margaret Dixon, a descendant of William I of Scotland it is claimed.[1]
Whilst there is a theory that young Edwin received his early education at Furness Abbey, it is believed by Collinson[2] that both Edmund Grindal and Edwin Sandys shared a childhood, quite probably in St Bees, and were educated together. A branch of the Sandys family lived at Rottington Hall near St Bees. The heralds in 1563 knew the family as"...of St Bees in the County of Cumberland", and Sandys himself has recalled that he and Grindal had lived "familiarly" and "as brothers" and were only separated between Sandys's 13th and 18th Years. The St Bees registers are full of Sandys, and it thought likely that Sandys grew up at Rottington. However, his place of education is not recorded, though it is known that the Marian martyr John Bland was the schoolmaster of Sandys.[2] Edwin Sandys kept one step behind Edmund Grindal in his subsequent career, succeeding him as bishop of London, and then archbishop of York.[2]
He went up to St John's College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1539 and then a Doctor of Divinity ten years later.[3] In 1547 he was elected master of Catharine Hall and by the death of Edward VI in 1553 he was Vice Chancellor of the University.
Exile
On the death of King Edward, the Duke of Northumberland sought to avoid a Roman Catholic monarchy by placing Lady Jane Grey on the throne. He and his followers arrived in Cambridge to raise an army in East Anglia and demanded that Edwin Sandys preach a sermon. When the rebellion failed and Mary Tudor took the throne, Edwin was arrested and taken to the Tower of London. For this he is mentioned in Foxe's Book of Martyrs.[4] Later he was moved to more comfortable conditions in Marchalsea prison where he made friends with the prison keeper who connived at his escape.
He went first to Antwerp and then Augsburg and Strasbourg where his wife joined him. His wife and infant son died there of a plague. He then lived in Zurich until the ascendancy of Elizabeth I made it safe for him to return to England; on the day of Elizabeth's coronation. On 19 February 1560 he married Cicely Wilford, sister of James Wilford.
Archbishop of York
On his return he became successively Bishop of Worcester, Bishop of London and Archbishop of York. He helped in the translation of a new version of the Bishops' Bible. Sandys's own personal copy may be seen in the Hawkshead Grammar School Museum.
Along with other Marian exiles, who returned to positions of wealth and importance, Archbishop Sandys was concerned that true religion and sound learning would forever flourish in the land. They saw the necessity of education for religion’s sake and the need for the Church of England to hold their own in discussion with Roman Catholics. To these ends Edwin Sandys founded Hawkshead Grammar School in 1585 and endowed it with sufficient land and property for it to offer a free education.
Descendants
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His eldest son, Sir Samuel Sandys of Ombersley in Worcestershire, was ancestor of the Lords Sandys of Ombersley. His second son, Sir Edwin Sandys, was one of the colonial organizers and treasurer of the New World colony of Virginia. Another son, Sir Miles Sandys, 1st Baronet, was created baronet.
Sandys' notable descendants include:
- Sir Samuel Sandys of Ombersley
- Sir Edwin Sandys
- George Sandys
- Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys (1695–1770)
- Edwin Sandys, 2nd Baron Sandys (1726–1797)
- Mary Hill, Marchioness of Downshire, 1st Baroness Sandys (1774–1836)
- Arthur Moyses William Hill, 2nd Baron Sandys (1793–1860)
- (Arthur) Marcus Cecil Sandys, 3rd Baron Sandys
- Richard Michael Oliver Hill, 7th Baron Sandys (b. 1931)
- U.S. President Zachary Taylor
- Richard Taylor
- Richard Lovelace
- Francis Lovelace
- Thomas Todd
- Sir Archer Croft, 2nd Baronet (1684–1753)
- Sir John Croft, 4th Baronet (c. 1735–1797)
- Sir Herbert Croft, 5th Baronet (1751–1816)
- Dr. Sir Richard Croft, 6th Baronet (1762–1818)
- Henry Page Croft, 1st Baron Croft
See also
References
- ↑ "Sandys"[unreliable source], Tudorplace, Retrieved 2 Oct 2009.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Patrick Collinson – "Archbishop Grindal 1519–1583 The struggle for a reformed church" 1979 ISBN 0-224-01703-9
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Foxe J, Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church' (Foxe's Book of Martyrs)
External links
| Academic offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Master of St Catharine's College, Cambridge 1547–1544 |
Succeeded by Edmund Cosyn |
| Church of England titles | ||
| Preceded by | Bishop of Worcester 1559–1570 |
Succeeded by Nicholas Bullingham |
| Preceded by | Bishop of London 1570–1576 |
Succeeded by John Aylmer |
| Archbishop of York 1577–1588 |
Succeeded by John Piers |
|
- Articles lacking reliable references from January 2015
- Use British English from April 2011
- Use dmy dates from April 2011
- 1519 births
- 1588 deaths
- Bishops of London
- Bishops of Worcester
- Archbishops of York
- 16th-century English bishops
- Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
- Masters of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
- Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
- 16th-century English people
- People of the Tudor period
- Marian exiles
- 16th-century translators
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