Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila

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Archdiocese of Manila

Archidioecesis Manilensis

Arkidiyosesis ng Maynila
Arquidiócesis de Manila
Coat of Arms of the Archdiocese of Manila.svg
Arms of the Archdiocese
Location
Country  Philippines
Territory City of Manila
Makati
Mandaluyong
Pasay
San Juan
Metropolitan Manila
Statistics
Area Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value).
Population
- Total
- Catholics
(as of 2004)
2,993,000
2,419,781 (80.9%)
Parishes 85
Members 347 over all
Information
Denomination Catholic
Sui iuris church Latin Church
Rite Roman Rite
Established 6 February 1579 (Diocese)
14 August 1595 (Archdiocese)
Cathedral Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception
Patron saint Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Patroness of the Philippines
Current leadership
Pope Francis
Archbishop Luis Antonio G. Tagle
Auxiliary Bishops Most Reverend Broderick S. Pabillo[1]
Vicar General Very Reverend Monsignor Jose Clemente F. Ignacio, PC[1]
Map
Jurisdiction of the metropolitan see within the Philippines.
Jurisdiction of the metropolitan see within the Philippines.
Website
www.rcam.org

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila (Latin: Archidioecesis Manilensis; Filipino: Arkidiyosesis ng Maynilà; Spanish: Arquidiócesis de Manila) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines. Its present local ordinary is Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle, the 32nd Archbishop and 5th Filipino to hold the office. The cathedral church is the Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, with the Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title of Immaculate Conception as its principal patroness. The archdiocese juridically comprises the cities of Manila, San Juan, Makati, Pasay, and Mandaluyong, with a shrine located in Quezon City known as EDSA Shrine.

History

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Per the efforts of conquistador Martín de Goiti—who founded the City of Manila after uniting the dominions of Sulayman III of Namayan, Tondo, and Sabag, Rajah Ache Matanda of Maynila, and Lakan Dula of Tondo—the Diocese of Manila was then canonically erected on February 6, 1579 through the Papal bull Illius Fulti Præsidio by Pope Gregory XIII, encompassing all Spanish colonies in Asia as a suffragan of Mexico. Fray Domingo de Salazar, a Dominican from the Convent of San Sebastian in Salamanca, Spain, was selected by King Philip II of Spain as the Bishop of the new diocese and was presented to the pope.[2]

Over the course of history and growth of Catholicism in the Philippines, the diocese was elevated and new dioceses had been carved from its territory. On August 14, 1595, Pope Clement VIII raised the diocese to the status of an archdiocese with Bishop Ignacio Santibáñez elevated as its first archbishop. Three new dioceses were created as suffragan to Manila: Nueva Caceres, Nueva Segovia, and Cebu. With the creation of these new dioceses, the territory of the archdiocese was reduced to the city of Manila and the adjoining civil provinces in proximity including Mindoro Island. It was bounded to the north by the Diocese of Nueva Segovia, to the south by the Diocese of Cebu, and to the southeast by the Diocese of Nueva Caceres.[3]

Interior of the Throne Room in the Archbishop's Palace as it was during the Spanish colonial period.

During the Hispanic period, the Archdiocese was ruled by a succession of Spanish and Latino archbishops. The British occupation of Manila during the Seven Years' War saw the temporary conversion of Sultan Azim ud-Din I of Sulu to Catholicism, the massive looting and destruction of ecclesiastical treasures, as well as the burning of churches by British soldiers, Sepoy mercenaries and rebellious Chinese residents in Binondo. This episode was particularly damaging to Philippine scholarship due to the fact that the monasteries holding the archives and artifacts about the precolonial Philippine Rajahnates, Datudoms, Sultanates and Huangdoms and their conversion to Catholicism; were either burnt, lost or looted by the British. An example of which would be the Boxer Codex, whose earliest owner Lord Giles of Ilchester, had inherited it from an ancestor who stole it from Manila during the British Occupation.[4]

Nevertheless, peace was subsequently restored after the Protestant British occupation. In the time after this, the Catholic religious orders (with the exception of the Jesuits who were temporarily suppressed by the Spaniards due to their role in anti-imperialist movements in Latin America) became the powerful driving force in the Archdiocese of Manila. The local diocesan clergy resented the foreign religious orders due to their near monopoly of ecclesiastical positions. The opposition of the religious orders against an autonomous diocesan clergy independent of them lead to the martyrdom of priests Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, Jacinto Zamora collectively known as Gomburza. This inspired the Jesuit educated Jose Rizal to form the La Liga Filipina, to ask for reforms from Spain and recognition of local clergy.

Rizal was executed and the La Liga Filipina dissolved. The 1896 Philippine revolution was triggered when the Spanish discovered the anti-colonial secret organisation Katipunan, and ended Spanish rule. The United States took the Philippines from Spain in the 1898 Spanish–American War; this developed into fighting between the Philippine revolutionaries and the US in the 1899–1902 Philippine–American War, followed by victory for the US and disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church as the state church of the Philippines. Some members of the Katipunan then turned to the Catholic Church, especially to the Jesuit order who had fostered Philippine nationalism in the students they educated.[citation needed] In the period after the war Philippine churches were restored in the Art-Deco architectural motif.

The province of Mindoro was established as an independent diocese on April 10, 1910 by virtue of a Decretum Consistoriale executed by Pope Pius X, implementing the Bull Quae Mari Sinico of Pope Leo XIII. On the same date the Diocese of Lipa (later Archdiocese of Lipa) was created, with jurisdiction over the provinces of Batangas, Tayabas, Marinduque and some parts of Masbate.

In May 1928 Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Lingayen, carved from Manila and Nueva Segovia. In this creation 26 parishes were separated from Manila. He also named Our Lady of Guadalupe as a patroness of the Filipino people in 1938.

December 8, 1941, marked the beginning of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.[5] Members of the secretive Black Dragon Society had infiltrated all facets of Philippine life and had greatly guided the invading Japanese forces. World War 2 marked a period of irreplaceable loss to the Archdiocese of Manila. The combination of violent theft and arson done by the Japanese and the indiscriminate carpet bombing perpetuated by the Americans lead to the permanent loss of many of the ancient Gothic, Art-Deco and Earthquake Baroque Cathedrals found around the Archdiocese of Manila.[6]

In the aftermath of the war, in September 1942, Pope Pius XII declared Our Lady of Immaculate Conception as the Principal Patroness of the Philippines on the Papal Bull, Impositi Nobis, along with Saints Pudentiana and Rose of Lima as secondary patrons.[7]

Due to the heavy damages resulted from World War II, the Manila Cathedral underwent major rebuilding from 1946 to 1958. The Parish of San Miguel served as pro-cathedral or temporary cathedral of the local church until the Manila Cathedral was reopened and blessed in 1958.

On December 11, 1948, the Apostolic Constitution Probe noscitur further divided the Archdiocese of Manila by separating the northern part of the Archdiocese and establishing it as the Diocese of San Fernando. On November 25, 1961, the Archdiocese of Manila was again partitioned. The civil provinces of Bulacan in the north and Cavite in the south were separated from the Archdiocese with the northern part becoming the Diocese of Malolos and the south the Diocese of Imus.

Pope John Paul II declared the Manila Cathedral a minor basilica in 1981 through a Motu Proprio. In 1983, fifteen towns in Eastern Rizal, the city of Marikina, and two barangays of Pasig were separated to form the Diocese of Antipolo.

The archdiocese witnessed many grace-filled church events such as the Second Synod of Manila (1911), Third Synod of Manila (1925), 33rd International Eucharistic Congress (1937), First Plenary Council of the Philippines (1953), papal visit of Pope Paul VI (1970), Fourth Synod of Manila (1979), papal visits of Pope John Paul II (the first in 1981 and the second in 1995), National Marian Year (1985), National Eucharistic Year (1987), Second Plenary Council of the Philippines (1991), Second Provincial Council of Manila (1996), and World Meeting of Families (2003).

In 2002, two more dioceses were carved out of the Archdiocese: the Diocese of Novaliches in the north and the Diocese of Parañaque in the south, which also comprised the cities of Las Piñas and Muntinlupa.

In 2003, by the recommendation of Jaime Cardinal Sin (the spiritual leader of the People Power Revolution) and by papal decree, the archdiocese was further partitioned to form three new dioceses: the dioceses of Cubao, Caloocan and Pasig.

Archbishop

The seat of the Archbishop is in Manila Cathedral-Basilica, under the patronage of the Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. The Archbishop is also overseer of several suffragan dioceses of Manila.

The Archbishop notably has a voting seat on the board of the Bank of the Philippine Islands, as the Archdiocese is the bank's fifth-largest owner with a 8.35% share.[8]

After having been served by a single diocesan bishop, nineteen archbishops were later appointed from Spain. In 1903, the archdiocese received its first American archbishop as appointed by the Holy See. Following the tenure of Archbishop Jeremiah James Harty from St. Louis, Missouri, the Irishman Michael J. O'Doherty was appointed, and received on September 6, 1916.

O'Doherty would lead the church in times when the Filipinos were petitioning for sovereignty from the United States and the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines during World War II. When O'Doherty died after Philippine independence in 1946, Rev. Gabriel Reyes, already serving as coadjutor archbishop, became the first native Filipino chosen for the position. Reyes' successor, Archbishop Rufino Jiao Santos, became the first Filipino to become a cardinal in 1960. After Santos' death in 1973, Auxiliary Bishop Artemio Casas was named in the capacity of vicar-capitular to oversee the archdiocese until a bishop was nominated. On January 21, 1974, Pope Paul VI appointed Jaro Archbishop Jaime Sin as new archbishop of Manila. Archbishop Sin was named cardinal in 1976 and would later be instrumental in encouraging peaceful demonstration to the Marcos regime through People Power in 1986.

In 2003 Pope John Paul II appointed Gaudencio Rosales, Archbishop of Lipa, to succeed Cardinal Sin. Pope Benedict XVI later elevated Rosales to the cardinalate on March 24, 2006. On October 13, 2011, Most Reverend Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle, Bishop of Imus, was named archbishop. Tagle replaced Cardinal Rosales, who had resigned at the compulsory age of retirement and now bears the honorary title of Archbishop Emeritus. Tagle was himself made a cardinal by Benedict XVI on November 24, 2012.

List of Archbishops of Manila

No. Picture Name From Until
1 Domingo de Salazar.jpg Domingo de Salazar, O. P. February 6, 1579 December 4, 1594
2 Ignacio Santibanez.jpg Ignacio Santibáñez, O.F.M. August 30, 1595 August 14, 1598
3 Miguel de Benavides1.JPG Miguel de Benavides, O. P. October 7, 1602 July 26, 1605
4 Diego Vasquez de Mercado.jpg Diego Vázquez de Mercado May 28, 1608 June 12, 1616
5 Miguel Garcia Serrano , O.S.A. (1620 - 1629).jpg Miguel García Serrano, O.S.A. February 12, 1618 June 14, 1629
6 Hernando Guerrero , O.S.A. (1635 - 1641).jpg Hernando Guerrero, O.S.A. January 9, 1634 July 1, 1641
7 Fernando Montero de Espinosa (1644 - 1645).jpg Fernando Montero Espinosa February 5, 1646 1648
8 Coat of Arms of the Archdiocese of Manila.svg Miguel de Poblete Casasola January 21, 1649 December 8, 1667
9 Juan Lopez.jpg Juan López, O. P. 1672 February 12, 1674
10 Felipe Pardo.jpg Felipe Fernandez de Pardo, O. P. October 28, 1681 December 31, 1689
11 Diego Camacho y Avila (1697 - 1705).jpg Diego Camacho y Ávila August 19, 1696 January 14, 1704
12 Francisco de la Cuesta.jpg Francisco de la Cuesta, O.S.H. August 12, 1707 1722
13 Carlos Bermudez Gonzalez (1722 - 1729).jpg Carlos Bermúdez Gonzalez 1722 November 13, 1729
14 Juan Angel Rodriguez.jpg Juan Ángel Rodríguez, O.S.T. May 18, 1731 June 24, 1742
15 Pedro de la Trinidad.jpg Pedro de la Santísima Trinidad Martínez de Arizala, O.F.M. February 3, 1744 May 28, 1755
16 Manuel Antonio Rojo del Rio Vera.jpg Manuel Antonio Rojo del Río y Vieyra 1758 1764
17 Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa.jpg Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa, S.P. April 14, 1766 December 15, 1787
18 Coat of Arms of the Archdiocese of Manila.svg Juan Antonio Orbigo de Gallego, O.F.M. December 15, 1788 May 17, 1797
19 Coat of Arms of the Archdiocese of Manila.svg Juan Antonio Zulaibar, O. P. March 26, 1804 March 4, 1824
20 Hilarion Diez.jpg Hilarión Díez, O.S.A. July 3, 1826 May 7, 1829
21 Jose Segui , O.S.A. (1830 - 1845).jpg José Seguí, O.S.A. July 5, 1830 July 4, 1845
22 Coat of Arms of the Archdiocese of Manila.svg José Aranguren, O.A.R. January 19, 1846 April 18, 1861
23 Gregorio Meliton Martinez (1862 - 1875).jpg Gregorio Melitón Martínez Santa Cruz December 23, 1861 1875
24 Pedro Payo , O.P. (1876 - 1889 ).jpg Pedro Payo y Piñeiro, O.P. January 28, 1876 January 1, 1889
25 Bernardino Nozaleda O.P. (1889 - 1902).jpg Bernardino Nozaleda y Villa, O. P. May 27, 1889 February 4, 1902
26 85px Jeremiah James Harty June 6, 1903 May 16, 1916
27 Archbishop Michael J. O'Dogerty.jpg Michael J. O'Doherty September 6, 1916 October 13, 1949
28 Archbishop Gabriel Reyes.jpg Gabriel Reyes y Martelino October 13, 1949 October 15, 1952
29 Rufino J. Cardinal Santos Portrait.jpg Rufino Cardinal Santos y Jiao February 10, 1953 September 3, 1973
30 Cardinal Jaime Sin in 1988.jpg Jaime Cardinal Sin y Lachica March 19, 1974 September 15, 2003
31 100px Gaudencio Cardinal Rosales y Borbon November 21, 2003 October 13, 2011
32 100px Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle y Gokim December 12, 2011 present[9]

Auxiliary Bishops

College of Consultors

Below are member priests of the College of Consultors of the Archdiocese of Manila since July 1, 2015. Auxiliary bishops also serve as vicars general.

  • Auxiliary Bishop of Manila – Most Rev. Broderick S. Pabillo, DD, SSL
  • Vicar General and Moderator Curiae – Rev. Msgr. Jose Clemente F. Ignacio, PC
  • Episcopal Vicar for Chancery Affairs, Chancellor & Private Secretary to the Archbishop - Rev. Fr. Reginald R. Malicdem, MAL
  • Episcopal Vicar for Foreign Communities Concern - Rev. Msgr. Esteban U. Lo, LRMS, PC
  • Episcopal Vicar for the Diocesan Clergy - Rev. Msgr. Jesus-Norriel Bandojo, PC
  • Judicial Vicar - Rev. Msgr. Geronimo F. Reyes, PC, JCD
  • Oeconomus - Rev. Fr. Cesar A. Buhat

Demographics

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As of 2004, the archdiocese has registered a total of 2,719,781 baptized faithful. They are served by 475 diocesan and religious priests – with a ratio of 5,725 faithful per priest, under 85 parishes. The archdiocese also houses 369 male religious and 1,730 female religious engaged in various social, pastoral and missionary works in various areas of the archdiocese.

Formation of Priests

The archdiocese administers San Carlos Seminary, the archdiocesan major seminary which caters to the formation of future priests for the archdiocese and for its suffragan dioceses. Located in Guadalupe Viejo, Makati City, it has college program (AB Philosophy) and graduate school (Masteral Degree in Theology or Pastoral Ministry), as well as formation houses for future priests committed to serve the Filipino-Chinese communities in the country (Lorenzo Ruiz Mission Society) and a center for adult vocations (Holy Apostles Senior Seminary). The archdiocese also operates Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary, a seminary for young men in the secondary school level. It is located a few blocks away from San Carlos Seminary.

Parishes

The Virgin Mary as the Immaculate Conception, patroness of the Archdiocese. Consecrated by Pope Pius XII's Papal Bull Impositi Nobis in 1942, the Immaculate Conception is also honoured as "Principal Patroness" of the Philippine Islands.
Façade of the Basilica Minore de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno in Quiapo, Manila. The church enshrines the Black Nazarene, an image of Jesus believed to be miraculous, which attracts thousands of devotees on Fridays and millions during its annual procession on 9 January.


Vicariate of Nuestra Señora de Guia (Ermita; Intramuros; Malate, Manila)
'Vicariate of San José de Trozo (Quiapo; San Miguel; Santa Cruz, Manila)
'Vicariate of the Holy Spirit (Santa Cruz; Tondo, Manila)
  • Archdiocesan Shrine and Parish of Espíritu Santo
  • Immaculate Conception Parish (Tayuman)
  • Risen Christ Parish
  • Saint Joseph Parish (Gagalangin)
  • San José Manggagawà Parish
  • San Rafael Parish (Balut)
  • San Roque de Manila Parish
  • Santa Monica Parish
Vicariate of Our Lady of Loreto (Sampaloc; Santa Mesa, Manila)
Vicariate of Sto. Niño (Binondo; Tondo, Manila)
Vicariate of San Fernando de Dilao (Paco; Pandacan, Manila)
  • Our Lady of Peñáfrancia Parish
  • Saint Maria Goretti Parish
  • Saint Peter the Apostle Parish
  • San Fernando de Dilao Parish
  • Santo Niño de Pandacan Parish
Vicariate of the Holy Family (Malate; Paco; San Andres; Santa Ana, Manila)
  • Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish (Santa Ana)
  • Parokya ng Ina ng Laging Saklolo
  • Sagrada Familia Parish
  • Saint Anthony of Padua Parish
  • Saint Pius X Parish
  • Santísima Trinidad Parish
Vicariate of Sta. Clara de Montefalco (Pasay City)
  • Archdiocesan Shrine of Jesus the Way, the Truth, and the Life
  • Mary, Comforter of the Afflicted Parish
  • Our Lady of Fatima Parish (Don Carlos)
  • Our Lady of Sorrows Parish
  • Our Lady of the Airways Parish
  • Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament Parish
  • San Isidro Parish
  • San Juan Nepomuceno Parish
  • San Rafael Parish (Park Avenue)
  • San Roque Parish (Cabrera)
  • Santa Clara de Montefalco Parish
Vicariate of Saint John the Baptist (Mandaluyong City, San Juan City and Ortigas, Quezon City)
  • Archdiocesan Shrine and Quasi-Parish of Mary, Queen of Peace (EDSA Shrine)
  • Chapel of the Eucharistic Lord
  • Mary the Queen Parish
  • Saint Francis of Assisi Parish
  • Saint John the Baptist Parish (Pinaglabanan)
  • Santuario de San José Parish
  • Santuario del Santo Cristo Parish
Vicariate of San Felipe Neri (Mandaluyong City)
  • Archdiocesan Shrine of the Divine Mercy
  • Our Lady of Fátima Parish (Addition Hills)
  • Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish (Hulo)
  • Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish (Welfareville)
  • Saint Dominic Savio Parish
  • San Felipe Neri Parish
  • San Roque Parish (Barangka Ilaya)
Vicariate of Saints Peter and Paul (Makati City)
Vicariate of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Makati City)
  • Mary, Mirror of Justice Parish
  • Mater Dolorosa Parish
  • National Shrine and Parish of Our Lady of Guadalupe
  • Saint John Mary Vianney Parish
  • Saint John of the Cross Parish
  • Santa Teresita Parish
  • Santuario de San Antonio Parish
Vicariate of Saint Joseph the Worker (Makati City)
  • Holy Family Parish (San Isidro)
  • Our Lady of Fátima Parish (Bangkal)
  • Saint Alphonsus Mary de Liguori Parish
  • Saint Joseph the Worker Parish (Palanan)
  • San Ildefonso Parish

Suffragan dioceses

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See also

Resources

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "Officials". The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila Official Website. Retrieved on 2013-03-22.
  2. "History – the First Cathedral 1581–1583. Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica Official Website. Retrieved on 2013-03-22.
  3. "History – The Second Cathedral 1591-1600". Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica Official Website. Retrieved on 2013-03-22.
  4. Roces 1977, p. 1004.
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  7. Pope Pius XII (1942). 34 [1942] - ocr.pdf "Acts of the Apostolic See – Insularum Philippinarum Beatissima Virgo Maria Titulo Immaculata Concepto Primaria Universalisque Patrona et Sanctae Virgines' Pudentiana ac Rosa Limanae Patronae Secundarias Declarantur", pp. 336–337. Vatican Archives. Retrieved on 2013-03-22.
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  9. Palad, Carlos Antonio (2011-12-12). "The 32nd Archbishop of Manila". Filipino Catholicism. Retrieved on 2013-03-22.
  10. Catholic Hierarchy: "Bishop Ginés (Ginesio) Barrientos, O.P." retrieved November 12, 2015


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