Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770)

For other people named Maria Theresa, see Maria Theresa (disambiguation).

Maria Theresa
Born	(1762-03-20)20 March 1762 Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna
Died	Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna
House	House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Father	Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Princess Isabella of Parma

Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (German: Maria Theresia Elisabeth Philippine Luise Josepha Johanna, English: Maria Theresa Elisabeth Philippine Louise Josepha Joan; 20 March 1762 – 23 January 1770) was a daughter of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, and his first wife, Isabella of Parma.

Life

Left to right, Archduchess Maria Theresa, with Archduchess Maria Carolina, Archduchess Marie Antoinette and Archduke Maximilian, 1763.

Maria Theresa's parents, Crown Prince Joseph (future Holy Roman Emperor) and Princess Isabella of Parma were married in Vienna on 16 October 1760. In late 1761, Isabella became pregnant and on 20 March 1762, she delivered a daughter who was christened Maria Theresia Elisabeth Philippine Louise Josephe Johanna and was styled Archduchess of Austria. On her maternal side, little Maria Theresa descended from people such as the first Bourbon King of Spain, Philip V of Spain. On her paternal side, she descended from the famous Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Her ancestors could be traced to as far as Charles I Magnus, a ninth-century Holy Roman Emperor. When the little archduchess was a little over a year old, her mother died a week after giving birth to Archduchess Marie Christine, who died a few moments after being born. Her father was inconsolable and found refuge in his young daughter, whom he referred to as his "second self". Maria Theresa was also close to her youngest paternal aunt, Archduchess Maria Antonia, just seven years her senior. She was Maria Theresa's first grandchild.

Death

Just a few months short of her eighth birthday, Archduchess Maria Theresa became ill with pleurisy. Her father, by that time Holy Roman Emperor, did everything in his power to save her and attended her bedside even at night. However, the medicine in those days was highly undeveloped and Archduchess Maria Theresa died on 23 January 1770 from a very high fever. Her father was heartbroken. When Khevenhüller had to disturb Joseph in order to make the arrangements for the funeral, the emperor, with tears in his eyes, told him *he had lost, so to speak, his only consolation and pleasure'.

Below are excerpts from a letter from Joseph to his daughter's governess, the marquise d'Herzelles, written a few hours after the child's death;

If decency permitted, it would be with you alone that I would be pouring out the sorrow which... pierces my soul. I have ceased to be a father: it is more than I can bear. Despite being resigned to it, I cannot stop myself thinking and saying every moment: 'O my God, restore to me my daughter, restore her to me.' I hear her voice, I see her. I was dazed when the terrible blow fell. Only after I had got back to my room did I feel the full horror of it, and I shall go on feeling it all the rest of my life, since I shall miss her in everything...

As my daughter's sole heir, I have just given orders... that I should keep only her diamonds. [You are to have everything else.] One thing that I would ask you to let me have is her white dimity dressing-gown, embroidered with flowers, and some of her writings...

The death of his only and much idolized daughter confirmed Joseph in his growing misanthropy and finished the job of making him a compulsive worker.

The young Archduchess was the second of Maria Theresa's grandchildren to die, after her younger sister. It is said that, even after her death, her father kept her dresses and shoes. She was buried in the Imperial Crypt, in Vienna. Her tomb consists of a beautiful effigy that represents the young Archduchess sleeping on a bed, covered by a blanket, with her hands towards the sky in sign of prayer and surrounded by the Holy Crown of Hungary and the crown of the Holy Roman Emperor.

Ancestors

Family of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770)

16. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine               8. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine                       17. Eleanor of Austria               4. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor                             18. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans               9. Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans                       19. Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine               2. Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor                                   20. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor               10. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor                       21. Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg               5. Maria Theresa                             22. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel               11. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel                       23. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen               1. Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria                                         24. Louis, Grand Dauphin               12. Philip V of Spain                       25. Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria               6. Philip, Duke of Parma                             26. Odoardo Farnese               13. Elisabeth Farnese                       27. Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg               3. Princess Isabella of Parma                                   28. Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy               14. Louis XV of France                       29. Princess Marie Adélaïde of Savoy               7. Louise Élisabeth of France                             30. Stanisław Leszczyński               15. Marie Leszczyńska                       31. Catherine Opalińska