Atari TT030
Atari TT030 Computer
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| Manufacturer | Atari Corporation |
|---|---|
| Type | Personal computer |
| Release date | 1990 |
| Introductory price | $2995 |
| Discontinued | 1993 |
| Operating system | Atari TOS 3.0x |
| CPU | CPU: Motorola 68030 @ 32 MHz (system bus @ 16 MHz) FPU: Motorola 68882 @ 32 MHz |
| Memory | 2/16 MB |
| Storage | 1.44 MB (later version) or 720 KB (first TT version) 3½" floppy disk drive 50 MB hard drive |
| Display | VGA Monitor (analog RGB and Mono) |
| Graphics | Six Display modes Color: 320×200 (16 color), 320×480 (256 colors), 640×200 (4 colors), 640×480 (16 colors), palette of 4096 colors Duochrome: 640×400 (2 colors) Monochrome: 1280×960 mono TT high with ECL 19 in (483 mm) monitor[1] |
| Sound | Yamaha YM2149 + National LMC 1992, same as in STe |
| Input | Keyboard (detachable) 94 Key 2 button Mouse |
| Backward compatibility |
Atari ST |
| Predecessor | Atari MEGA STE |
The Atari TT030 is a member of the Atari ST family, originally intended to be a high end Unix workstation, however Atari took two years to release a port of Unix SVR4 for the TT, which prevented the TT from ever being seriously considered in its intended market.
In 1992 the TT was replaced by the Atari Falcon, a low cost consumer oriented machine with greatly improved graphics and sound capability, but with a slower and severely bottle-necked CPU. The Falcon possessed only a fraction of the TT's raw CPU performance. Though well priced for a workstation machine, the TT's high cost kept it mostly out of reach of the existing Atari ST market until after the TT was discontinued and sold at discount.
The nascent open source movement eventually filled the void. Thanks to open hardware documentation, the Atari TT, along with the Amiga and Atari Falcon, were the first non-Intel machines to have Linux ported to them, though this work did not stabilize until after the TT had already been discontinued by Atari. By 1995 NetBSD had also been ported to the Atari TT.
History
Atari Corporation realized that to remain competitive as a computer manufacturer, they needed to begin taking steps to exploit the power offered by more advanced processors in the Motorola 68000 series. At that time, the highest performance member was the 68020. It was the first true "thirty-two bit bus/thirty-two bit instruction" chip from Motorola. Unlike the 68000 used in the original STs, the 68020 was capable of fetching a 32-bit value in one cycle, while the older STs took two.
The TT was initially designed around the 68020 CPU, however as the project progressed, Atari Corp. realized that the 68020 was not the best option for the TT. The 68020 still lacked certain important features offered by the next successor in the 68000 line, the new 68030. The new 68030 featured a full 32-bit address/data bus and internal registers; separate Supervisor, User, Program, and Data virtual memory spaces; built-in memory-management hardware; and 256-byte on-chip instruction and data caches.
When the decision was made to switch from a 68020 to a 68030 CPU, it presented a whole new set of problems. The original specifications for the TT's clock speed was 16 MHz, which was selected to maintain backward compatibility. The existing ST chips used in the TT (DMA and video chips for example) could not handle anything over 16 MHz. Some software also had problems running at faster speeds. To make the system work with a 32 MHz 68030, Atari Corp. had to scale back their plans somewhat, and add a large amount of cache to the system. As a result, the processor runs at 32 MHz, while the system bus runs at 16 MHz. This is similar to the tactic employed by Apple with the ill-fated Macintosh IIvx and later employed by makers of PCs with an Intel 80486DX2 CPU which ran at double that of the system bus speed.
TOS 3.01 was the operating system that came with the Atari TT. It was a 512 kB ROM specifically designed for the TT. However, it did not feature pre-emptive multitasking. Another variant, known as TT/X, used Unix System V R4 and WISH (motif extension).
The TT030 was first introduced at CeBIT in Hannover, Germany[2][3][4] and launched in 1990. It retailed for $2995 with 2 MB RAM and a 50 MB hard drive. The US release came the following year. In 1993, Atari Corp.'s exit from the computer business marked the end of the TT. A number of TT machines were built as developer systems for Jaguar.
Details
The TT featured a number of devices that had previously been unavailable for Atari Corp. systems. For example, an Appletalk network port (unfortunately, there never was a driver for it, maybe due to license problems), VME expansion bus, new VGA video graphics modes, and a true SCSI port. Existing ST features such as MIDI ports, a cartridge port, and the ASCI/DMA port were retained in this system.
One device that was left out was the BLiTTER graphics chip, which first appeared in the Atari Mega ST systems four to five years earlier. Using the existing 8mhz chip would have only served to bottleneck the TT's performance. To be useful, a new 32mhz blitter chip would have had to have been designed for the TT, however Atari chose not to do so.
An Atari Corp. version of Unix System V was not released until mid-1992. By the end of that year, Atari Corp. dropped all Unix development. A special version of the TT, the TT/X, was supplied with UNIX System V R4 and WISH (an extension of OSF Motif), as well as a collection of free software utilities including GCC.[5]:A-1 In the boot screen for "Atari System V", as the manual called it, the operating system's kernel identified itself as "UniSoft UNIX (R) System V Release 4.0.[5]:B-1
Technical specifications
All TTs were made up of both custom and commercial chips:
- Custom chips
- TT Shifter "TT Video shift register chip" — Enabled bitmap graphics. Featured a 64-bit wide bus with interleaved access to ("dual purpose") system memory and on-chip buffers for high bandwidths. Contiguous 32 KB memory for ST modes, 154 KB for TT modes.
- TT GLU "Generalized Logic Unit" — Control logic for the system used to connect the STs chips. Not part of the data path, but needed to bridge chips with each other. Used in TT and MEGA STE.
- DMA "Direct Memory Access" — Three independent channels, one for floppy and hard drive data transfers, one for the SCSI port and one for 85C30 SCC network port. Direct access to ("dual purpose") system memory in the ST. 2 chips used.
- MCU "Memory Control Unit" — For system RAM.
- Support chips
- MC6850P ACIA "Asynchronous Common Interface Adapter" — Enabled the ST to directly communicate with MIDI devices and keyboard (2 chips used). 31.25 kilobaud for MIDI, 7812.5 bit/s for keyboard.
- MC68901 MFP "Multi Function Peripheral" — Used as an interrupt controller, timers and RS232C ports (2 chips used).
- NCR 5380 "SCSI Controller" — 8-bit asynchronous transfers up to 4 MB/s.
- WD-1772-PH "Western Digital Floppy Disk Controller" — Floppy controller chip.
- Zilog 85C30 SCC "Zilog Serial Communications Controller" — Two high-speed SDLC serial ports.
- YM2149F PSG "Programmable Sound Generator" — Provided 3-voice sound synthesis, also used for floppy signalling and printer port.
- HD6301V1 "Hitachi keyboard processor" — Used for keyboard scanning and mouse/joystick ports.
- MC146818A "Motorola Real Time Clock"
- CPU: Motorola 68030 @ 32 MHz (system bus @ 16 MHz)
- FPU: Motorola 68882 @ 32 MHz
- RAM:
- Sound: Yamaha YM2149 + National LMC 1992, same as in STe
- Drive: 1.44 MB (later version) or 720 KB (first TT version) 3½" floppy disk drive
- Ports:
- Operating System:
- Atari's TOS with the Graphical Environment Manager (GEM) graphical user interface (GUI) TOS versions: 3.01, 3.05 or 3.06 in ROM. Four socketed 1 Mb ROMs providing 512 KB of ROM space.
- MiNT
- MagiC
- Atari System V
- NetBSD
- Display modes:
- Color: 320×200 (16 color), 320×480 (256 colors), 640×200 (4 colors), 640×480 (16 colors), palette of 4096 colors
- Duochrome: 640×400 (2 colors)
- Monochrome: 1280×960 mono TT high with ECL 19 in (483 mm) TTM195 monitor
- Case: Two-piece desktop-style.
- Release Date: 1990-1991
The (at least) two versions of the TT can be distinguished by:
- Internal sheet plate (old) or coating (new) for electromagnetic compatibility
- CPU and FPU on daughter board (old) or directly on main board (new)
- 1.44 MB HD floppy drive (720 KB DD floppy drive on older models)
Emulation
- Hatari is able to emulate an Atari TT on a variety of different OS's using the SDL library.
- Atari Coldfire Project - Atari computer clone
References
- ↑ The All-American TT, by Atari Explorer Technical Staff, Atari Explorer Magazine© 1991 Atari Corp.
- ↑ The Power of a Workstation, The New Atari TT Computer, August 1989, Atari Corporation
- ↑ Sub: The Atari TT: 68030, Atari has announced its new TT 68030 based Computer at COMDEX and Hannover in recent months., Topic 35, Sat June 10, 1989, R.MOYER1, Atari Roundtables (BBS)on GEnie
- ↑ The Future of Atari Computing:TT and STE Unveiled in Germany, By Andrew Reese, Start Editor, Start Vol. 4 No. 5 / December 1989 / p. 14
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
- Guillaume Tello's WEB page What to do with a TT? Some hardware expansions detailed
- Download page Programs for Atari, mostly for the TT.
- ASV Archive page Atari System V unofficial webpage.
