United States Attorney General

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Attorney General of the United States of America
Seal of the United States Department of Justice.svg
Seal of the Department of Justice
Flag of the United States Attorney General.svg
Flag of the Attorney General
Jeff Sessions official portrait.jpg
Incumbent
Jeff Sessions

since February 9, 2017
United States Department of Justice
Style The Honorable (formal)
Mister Attorney General (informal)
Member of Cabinet
Reports to The President
Seat Washington, D.C., United States
Appointer The President
with Senate
Term length No fixed term
Constituting instrument Judiciary Act of 1789
Formation September 26, 1789
First holder Edmund Randolph
Succession Seventh in the United States Presidential Line of Succession
Deputy Deputy Attorney General
Salary Executive Schedule, level 1
Website www.justice.gov

The United States Attorney General (A.G.) is the head of the United States Department of Justice per 28 U.S.C. § 503, concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer and chief lawyer of the United States government. The attorney general serves as a member of the president's cabinet, and is the only cabinet department head who is not given the title of Secretary.

The attorney general is nominated by the President of the United States and takes office after confirmation by the United States Senate. He or she serves at the pleasure of the president and can be removed by the president at any time; the attorney general is also subject to impeachment by the House of Representatives and trial in the Senate for "treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors."

The office of Attorney General was established by Congress by the Judiciary Act of 1789. The original duties of this officer were "to prosecute and conduct all suits in the Supreme Court in which the United States shall be concerned, and to give his advice and opinion upon questions of law when required by the president of the United States, or when requested by the heads of any of the departments."[1] Only in 1870 was the Department of Justice established to support the attorney general in the discharge of their responsibilities. The Attorney General, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of Defense are generally regarded as the four most important cabinet officials because of the importance of their departments.[2]

In January of 2017, Alabama Senator Jeff Sessions was nominated by President Trump to succeed Loretta Lynch as the 84th Attorney General of the United States and is designated to serve after his confirmation by the Senate on February 8, 2017.

List of Attorneys General

Parties

      No party       Federalist       Democratic-Republican       Democratic       Whig       Republican

Status
  Denotes service as acting Attorneys General prior to appointment or after resignation
No. Portrait Name Home State Took Office Left Office President(s)
1 EdRand.jpg Edmund Randolph Virginia September 26, 1789 January 26, 1794 George Washington
2 William Bradford, AG.jpg William Bradford Pennsylvania January 27, 1794 August 23, 1795
3 Charles Lee, AG.png Charles Lee Virginia December 10, 1795 February 19, 1801
John Adams
4 Levi Lincoln, Sr.jpg Levi Lincoln, Sr. Massachusetts March 5, 1801 March 2, 1805 Thomas Jefferson
5 John Breckinridge.jpg John Breckinridge Kentucky August 7, 1805 December 14, 1806
6 Rodneycaesara3.jpg Caesar A. Rodney Delaware January 20, 1807 December 10, 1811
James Madison
7 Williampinkney (1).jpg William Pinkney Maryland December 11, 1811 February 9, 1814
8 Richard Rush engraving.png Richard Rush Pennsylvania February 10, 1814 November 12, 1817
9 WilliamWirt.png William Wirt Virginia November 13, 1817 March 4, 1829 James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
10 John Macpherson Berrien.jpg John M. Berrien Georgia March 9, 1829 July 19, 1831 Andrew Jackson
11 Roger Taney.jpg Roger B. Taney Maryland July 20, 1831 November 14, 1833
12 Benjamin Franklin Butler (1795–1858).jpg Benjamin Franklin Butler New York November 15, 1833 July 4, 1838
Martin Van Buren
13 Felix Grundy.jpg Felix Grundy Tennessee July 5, 1838 January 10, 1840
14 Henry D. Gilpin, Attorney General of the United States (trimmed).jpg Henry D. Gilpin Pennsylvania January 11, 1840 March 4, 1841
15 John Jordan Crittenden - Brady 1855.jpg John J. Crittenden Kentucky March 5, 1841 September 12, 1841 William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
16 Hugh S. Legaré.jpg Hugh Swinton Legaré South Carolina September 13, 1841 June 30, 1843
17 John Nelson, bw photo portrait, Brady-Handy collection, circa 1855-1865.jpg John Nelson Maryland July 1, 1843 March 4, 1845
18 JYMason.jpg John Y. Mason Virginia March 5, 1845 October 16, 1846 James K. Polk
19 NClifford.jpg Nathan Clifford Maine October 17, 1846 March 17, 1848
20 Isaac Toucey - Brady-Handy.jpg Isaac Toucey Connecticut June 21, 1848 March 4, 1849
21 75px Reverdy Johnson Maryland March 8, 1849 July 21, 1850 Zachary Taylor
22 John Jordan Crittenden - Brady 1855.jpg John J. Crittenden Kentucky July 22, 1850 March 4, 1853 Millard Fillmore
23 Caleb Cushing.jpg Caleb Cushing Massachusetts March 7, 1853 March 4, 1857 Franklin Pierce
24 JSBlack-AG.jpg Jeremiah S. Black Pennsylvania March 6, 1857 December 16, 1860 James Buchanan
25 Edwin McMasters Stanton Secretary of War.jpg Edwin M. Stanton Pennsylvania December 20, 1860 March 4, 1861
26 75px Edward Bates Missouri March 5, 1861 November 24, 1864 Abraham Lincoln
27 James Speed.jpg James Speed Kentucky December 2, 1864 July 22, 1866
Andrew Johnson
28 Stanberry-AttorGen.jpg Henry Stanbery Ohio July 23, 1866 July 16, 1868
29 William M. Evarts - Brady-Handy.jpg William M. Evarts New York July 17, 1868 March 4, 1869
30 EbenezerRHoar.jpg Ebenezer R. Hoar Massachusetts March 5, 1869 November 22, 1870 Ulysses S. Grant
31 Amos T Akerman - crop and minor retouch.jpg Amos T. Akerman Georgia November 23, 1870 December 13, 1871
32 George Henry Williams - Brady-Handy - Restored & Cropped.jpg George Henry Williams Oregon December 14, 1871 April 25, 1875
33 Edwards Pierrepont, Brady-Handy bw photo portrait, ca1865-1880.jpg Edwards Pierrepont New York April 26, 1875 May 21, 1876
34 Alphonso Taft seated.jpg Alphonso Taft Ohio May 22, 1876 March 4, 1877
35 Hon. Charles Devens of Mass. Atty Gen. Hayes Cabinet.png Charles Devens Massachusetts March 12, 1877 March 4, 1881 Rutherford B. Hayes
36 Wayne MacVeagh - Brady-Handy.jpg Wayne MacVeagh Pennsylvania March 5, 1881 December 15, 1881 James A. Garfield
Chester A. Arthur
37 BenjaminHBrewster.jpg Benjamin H. Brewster Pennsylvania December 16, 1881 March 4, 1885
38 Augustus Hill Garland - Brady-Handy.jpg Augustus H. Garland Arkansas March 6, 1885 March 4, 1889 Grover Cleveland
39 WHHMiller.jpg William H. H. Miller Indiana March 7, 1889 March 4, 1893 Benjamin Harrison
40 Richard Olney, Bain bw photo portrait, 1913.jpg Richard Olney Massachusetts March 6, 1893 April 7, 1895 Grover Cleveland
41 Jud Harmon.jpg Judson Harmon Ohio April 8, 1895 March 4, 1897
42 AssoJstcJMcK.jpg Joseph McKenna California March 5, 1897 January 25, 1898 William McKinley
43 Griggs2.jpg John W. Griggs New Jersey January 25, 1898 March 29, 1901
44 Philander Knox, bw photo portrait, 1904.jpg Philander C. Knox Pennsylvania April 5, 1901 June 30, 1904
Theodore Roosevelt
45 WHMoody.jpg William H. Moody Massachusetts July 1, 1904 December 17, 1906
46 CJBonaparte.jpg Charles J. Bonaparte Maryland December 17, 1906 March 4, 1909
47 GWWickersham.jpg George W. Wickersham New York March 4, 1909 March 4, 1913 William Howard Taft
48 James C. McReynolds - c1913.jpg James C. McReynolds Tennessee March 5, 1913 August 29, 1914 Woodrow Wilson
49 WP Thomas Watt Gregory.jpg Thomas Watt Gregory Texas August 29, 1914 March 4, 1919
50 Alexander Mitchell Palmer.jpg Alexander Mitchell Palmer Pennsylvania March 5, 1919 March 4, 1921
51 Harry Daugherty, bw photo portrait 1920.jpg Harry M. Daugherty Ohio March 4, 1921 April 6, 1924 Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge
52 Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone photograph circa 1927-1932.jpg Harlan F. Stone New York April 7, 1924 March 1, 1925
53 John Sargent, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg John G. Sargent Vermont March 7, 1925 March 4, 1929
54 75px William D. Mitchell Minnesota March 4, 1929 March 4, 1933 Herbert Hoover
55 Homer Cummings, Harris & Ewing photo portrait, 1920.jpg Homer Stille Cummings Connecticut March 4, 1933 January 1, 1939 Franklin D. Roosevelt
56 Justice Frank Murphy.jpg Frank Murphy Michigan January 2, 1939 January 18, 1940
57 75px Robert H. Jackson New York January 18, 1940 August 25, 1941
58 Francis Biddle cph.3b27524.jpg Francis Biddle Pennsylvania August 26, 1941 June 26, 1945
Harry S. Truman
59 Tom C. Clark.gif Tom C. Clark Texas June 27, 1945 July 26, 1949
60 J. Howard McGrath.jpg J. Howard McGrath Rhode Island July 27, 1949 April 3, 1952
61 James P McGranery cropped.jpg James P. McGranery Pennsylvania April 4, 1952 January 20, 1953
62 Herbert Brownell.jpg Herbert Brownell, Jr. New York January 21, 1953 October 23, 1957 Dwight D. Eisenhower
63 William P. Rogers, U.S. Secretary of State.jpg William P. Rogers Maryland October 23, 1957 January 20, 1961
64 Robert F Kennedy crop.jpg Robert F. Kennedy Massachusetts January 20, 1961 September 3, 1964 John F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
65 Nicholas Katzenbach at White House, 6 May 1968.jpg Nicholas Katzenbach Illinois September 4, 1964[1] January 28, 1965
January 28, 1965 November 28, 1966
66 Ramsey Clark at the White House, 28 Feb 1968.jpg Ramsey Clark Texas November 28, 1966[1] March 10, 1967
March 10, 1967 January 20, 1969
67 John Mitchell.jpg John N. Mitchell New York January 20, 1969 February 15, 1972 Richard Nixon
68 75px Richard Kleindienst Arizona February 15, 1972 May 25, 1973
69 ElliotLeeRichardson.jpg Elliot Richardson Massachusetts May 25, 1973 October 20, 1973
Robert Bork.jpg Robert Bork[3]
(acting)
Pennsylvania October 20, 1973 January 4, 1974
70 William B. Saxbe.jpg William B. Saxbe Ohio January 4, 1974 January 14, 1975
Gerald Ford
71 75px Edward H. Levi Illinois January 14, 1975 January 20, 1977
Dick Thornburgh.jpg Richard L. Thornburgh[2]
(acting)
Pennsylvania January 20, 1977 January 26, 1977 Jimmy Carter
72 Bell-gb.png Griffin Bell Georgia January 26, 1977 August 16, 1979
73 1Benjamin Civiletti.jpg Benjamin Civiletti Maryland August 16, 1979 January 19, 1981
74 75px William French Smith California January 23, 1981 February 25, 1985 Ronald Reagan
75 Edwin Meese publicity shot.jpg Edwin Meese California February 25, 1985 August 12, 1988
76 Dick Thornburgh.jpg Richard L. Thornburgh Pennsylvania August 12, 1988 August 15, 1991
George H. W. Bush
77 William Barr, official photo as Attorney General.jpg William P. Barr New York August 16, 1991[1] November 26, 1991
November 26, 1991 January 20, 1993
Stuart M. Gerson[4]
(acting)
Washington, D.C. January 20, 1993 March 12, 1993 Bill Clinton
78 75px Janet Reno Florida March 12, 1993 January 20, 2001
HolderEric.jpg Eric Holder[2]
(acting)
Washington, D.C. January 20, 2001 February 2, 2001 George W. Bush
79 John Ashcroft.jpg John Ashcroft Missouri February 2, 2001 February 3, 2005
80 Alberto Gonzales - official DoJ photograph.jpg Alberto Gonzales Texas February 3, 2005 September 17, 2007
75px Paul Clement[5]
(acting)
Washington, D.C. September 17, 2007 September 18, 2007
Peterkeisler.jpg Peter Keisler[5]
(acting)
Washington, D.C. September 18, 2007 November 9, 2007
81 75px Michael Mukasey New York November 9, 2007 January 20, 2009
Mark Filip.jpg Mark Filip[6]
(acting)
Illinois January 20, 2009 February 3, 2009 Barack Obama
82 Eric Holder official portrait.jpg Eric Holder Washington, D.C. February 3, 2009 April 27, 2015
83 Loretta Lynch, official portrait.jpg Loretta Lynch New York April 27, 2015 January 20, 2017
75px Sally Yates
Acting
Georgia January 20, 2017 January 30, 2017 Donald Trump
Dana Boente.jpg Dana J. Boente
Acting
Virginia January 30, 2017 February 9, 2017
84 Jeff Sessions official portrait.jpg Jeff Sessions Alabama Incumbent

Living former Attorneys General

As of March 2024, there are nine living former US Attorneys General, the oldest being Ramsey Clark (1967-1969, born 1927). The most recent Attorney General to die was Nicholas Katzenbach (1965–1966), on May 8, 2012.

Name Term of office Date of birth (and age)
Ramsey Clark 1967–1969 (1927-12-18) December 18, 1927 (age 96)
Benjamin Civiletti 1979–1981 (1935-07-17) July 17, 1935 (age 88)
Edwin Meese 1985–1988 (1931-12-02) December 2, 1931 (age 92)
Dick Thornburgh 1988–1991 (1932-07-16) July 16, 1932 (age 91)
William P. Barr 1991–1993 (1950-05-23) May 23, 1950 (age 73)
Janet Reno 1993–2001 (1938-07-21) July 21, 1938 (age 85)
John Ashcroft 2001–2005 (1942-05-09) May 9, 1942 (age 81)
Alberto Gonzales 2005–2007 (1955-08-04) August 4, 1955 (age 68)
Michael Mukasey 2007–2009 (1941-07-28) July 28, 1941 (age 82)
Eric Holder 2009–2015 (1951-01-21) January 21, 1951 (age 73)
Loretta Lynch 2015-2017 (1959-05-21) May 21, 1959 (age 64)

Attorney General in Politics

A confirmation vote for a nominated Attorney General is sometimes delayed in an attempt to gain political concessions. A recent example of this is the confirmation of Loretta Lynch which was put off by the Senate Majority Leader for 166 days.[3]

See also

Notes

  • 4 Assistant Attorney General for the DOJ Civil Division Stuart M. Gerson was acting attorney general from January 20, 1993 to March 12, 1993.[4][5] Gerson was fourth in the line of succession at the Justice Department (other senior DOJ officials had already resigned).[6] During his time as Acting AG, Gerson supported the Brady bill[5] and was in office in the beginnings of the Waco siege.[7] Janet Reno, President Clinton's nominee for attorney general, was confirmed on March 12,[8] and he resigned the same day.[8] Acting Attorney General Gerson's last day at the Justice Department was March 19.[7]
  • 5 On August 27, 2007, President Bush named Solicitor General Paul Clement as the future acting attorney general, to take office upon the resignation of Alberto Gonzales, effective September 17, 2007.[9] According to administration officials, Clement took that office at 12:01 am September 17, 2007, and left office 24 hours later.[10] On September 17, President Bush announced that Assistant Attorney General for the DOJ Civil Division Peter Keisler would become acting attorney general, pending a permanent appointment of a presidential nominee.[11][12] Keisler served as acting attorney general until the nomination of Michael Mukasey on November 9, 2007.
  • 6 Deputy Attorney General Mark Filip was asked to assume the position of acting attorney general by then President-elect Obama.[13] Filip led the Department while President Obama's nominee, then Attorney-General Designate Eric Holder, awaited confirmation by the United States Senate.[14][15] Holder was confirmed on February 2, 2009,[16] and sworn in the next day[17] thus ending Filip's tenure as the acting attorney general.

References

  1. Judiciary Act of 1789, section 35.
  2. Cabinets and Counselors: The President and the Executive Branch (1997). Congressional Quarterly. p. 87.
  3. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/senate-confirms-loretta-lynch-attorney-general-166-days/story?id=30527905
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  11. "President Bush Announces Judge Michael Mukasey as Nominee for Attorney General", White House press release, September 17, 2007
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  15. "Acting Attorney General Mark Filip." United States Department of Justice. January 20, 2009. (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5eJ6TAbgg)
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External links

United States presidential line of succession
Preceded by 7th in line Succeeded by
Secretary of the Interior