Ausserfern Railway

Ausserfern Railway
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Overview
Other name(s)	Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Kempten Railway
Native name	Außerfernbahn
Status	Operational
Locale	Bavaria in Germany Tyrol in Austria
Termini	Garmisch-Partenkirchen Kempten
Stations	31
Line number	5452 (Garmisch-Partenkirchen–border) 352 01 (border–Reutte–border) 5403 (border–Kempten)
Operation
Opened	Stages between 1895-1913
Owner	Deutsche Bahn Austrian Federal Railways
Operator(s)	DB Regio
Technical
Line length	93.9 km (58.3 mi)
No. of tracks	Single track
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	15 kV/16.7 Hz AC Overhead line (Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Reutte)
Operating speed	70 km/h (43 mph)
Maximum incline	3.75 %
Route number	973 (Western part), 965 (Eastern part) (DB) 410 (ÖBB)

Ausserfern Railway

Legend from Munich 0,000 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 708 m above sea level (NN) Mittenwald Railway to Innsbruck 1,242 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Hausberg former Hausbergbahn 2,1     Rießersee 3,1     Bavarian Zugspitze Railway 3,4     Kreuzeck Railway 4,7     Obergrainau 5,458 Untergrainau 740 m above NN 13,266 Griesen (Oberbay) 821 m above NN 14,846 30,445 German–Austrian state border 29,2     Schober(closed on 29 May 1960) 27,6     Schanz turnout 25,9     Schanz(closed on 26 September 1971) 23,3     Ehrwald Zugspitze Cable Car 974 m (AA) 20,4     Lermoos 1,004 m (AA) 19,0     Lermoos Tunnel (105,6 m) 16,4     Lähn 1,106 m (AA) 13,1     Bichlbach-Berwang 1,072 m (AA) 11,6     Bichlbach-Almkopf Railway 8,8     Heiterwang-Plansee 1,012 m (AA) 6,9     Thanellerkar(closed on 7 November 1966) 5,0     Katzenberg Tunnel (512,5 m) 3,6     Bad Kreckelmoos 938 m (AA) 0,5     Reutte in Tyrol Schulzentrum 0,000 14,390 Reutte in Tyrol 850 m (AA) 12,0     Pflach 840 m (AA) 7,6     Musau 822 m (AA) 6,4     Ulrichsbrücke-Füssen 814 m (AA) 3,9     Vils 817 m (AA) 0,5     Schönbichl 831 m (AA) 0,000 34,3     Austro–German state border 33,0     Pfronten-Steinach 841 m above sea level (NN) 30,7     Pfronten-Ried 858 m above NN 29,3     Pfronten-Weißbach 874 m above NN 27,0     Pfronten-Kappel 23,9     Nesselwang 864 m above NN 21,6     Maria Rain 19,8     Wertach-Haslach 891 m above NN 17,6     Oy-Mittelberg 13,6     Zollhaus-Petersthal 909 m above NN 12,0     Bodelsberg 8,4     Jodbad Sulzbrunn(station until 2008) 818 m above NN 6,9     Sulzberg 3,9     Durach 1,8     St Mang(formerly Kottern-Neudorf) to the former Kempten Hauptbahnhof (to 1969) Iller Valley Railway from Memmingen and Allgäu Railway from Kaufbeuren (since 1969) Iller Valley Railway / Allgäu Railway (until 1969) Iller old trackbed (to 1969) 0,4     Kempten (Allg) Hbf(since 1969) 705 m above NN 0,0     Kempten (Allg) Hbf (until 1969) to Isny from the old Kempten Hbf (to 1969) Allgäu Railway to Lindau

The Ausserfern Railway (German: Außerfernbahn) is a cross-border railway line in the German state of Bavaria and the Austrian state of Tyrol. The single-tracked branch line starts from Kempten in Germany, before crossing into Austria just after passing through Pfronten. It then transits the Außerfern area around Reutte, before passing back into Germany in order to terminate at Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

The line provides the only rail access to Reutte and the Außerfern, albeit one that requires any journey to or from the rest of Austria to pass through German territory. The line connects with the Mittenwald Railway and the Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen railway at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, with the former providing a link to the Tyrolean capital of Innsbruck. It connects with the Bavarian Allgäu Railway and the Iller Valley Railway at Kempten.

The line was built in stages, between 1895 and 1913. Although the Austrian section of the line is maintained by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB), all train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn (DB).

History

The first plans for a mainline railway (Fernbahn) from Kempten over the Fern Pass to Innsbruck surfaced in the second half of the 19th century. On 1 December 1895 the first section from Kempten to Pfronten-Ried was opened, followed in 1905 by its extension to Schönbichl. From Schönbichl there was a Lokalbahn branch line to Reutte. A further extension of the line was discussed. There were three variants: Reutte–Ehrwald–Gaistal–Leutasch, Reutte–Fern Pass–Imst (Fernbahn) or Reutte–Ehrwald–Garmisch. Because Garmisch already had a connexion to Munich at the time, a direct link from Munich to Innsbruck, and hence the development of the Außerfern region, suggested itself. The Mittenwald Railway from Garmisch to Innsbruck was opened in 1912 and the Garmisch–Reutte line on 29 May 1913. Both routes were electrified from the start.

Time and again there were discussions about building a line over the Fern Pass or to a junction with the line to Füssen only four kilometres away, but these plans were never realised.

At various times the closure of the line was also discussed, last time in 2001, when the catenary was in a poor condition. In 2003 DB Regio was tasked with operating passenger services through the state of Tyrol. The catenary was dismantled and operations switched to the use of diesel trains. Soon after the catenary was reinstalled. Today (2010) the line is worked hourly by electric multiples.

Operations

Route

File:Profil Ausserfernbahn.png

simplified height profile of the line

The railway begins in Kempten in the rolling Alpine Foreland and crosses the border with Austria between Pfronten and Schönbichl. It continues through Reutte and the surrounding Außerfern area around Reutte before crossing back to Germany between Ehrwald and Griesen. Its longest tunnel is the 512 metre long Katzenberg Tunnel, which is also called the Klausen Tunnel (after the Ehrenberger Klause) or Kesselwang Tunnel, between Reutte and Heiterwang. Its maximum gradient is 37.5‰ or 3.75%.

Traffic

Trains

File:628 0 1.jpg

1987: a Class 628.0 multiple unit near Schönbichl

Today the railway is important for school, commuter and holiday traffic, but also handles a considerable amount of goods for a cement works and a wood yard in Vils. These goods trains only use the section from Vils to Garmisch however.

The section between Kempten and Reutte is mainly worked by diesel multiple units of classes 628 and 642; between Reutte and Garmisch electric multiple units of classes 425 and 426 are employed. The operators for the entire route are Deutsche Bahn (DB) (on the Tyrolean section BahnCards, Werdenfelstickets, Bayerntickets and Schönes-Wochenende-Tickets are valid), the maintenance of the infrastructure is the responsibility of the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

Maintenance

The railway from Reutte in Tyrol to Garmisch-Partenkirchen is closed for maintenance from 1/8 to 30/8. Passengers to Garmisch-Partenkirchen should travel by bus at Reutte in Tyrol.

Tourism

File:Baureihe 425 Bahnhof Bichlbach-Berwang HQ.jpg

A Class 425 multiple unit in Bichlbach-Berwang station

File:Bahnhof Reutte Tirol.jpg

Reutte station in the Tyrol

The stops on the Ausserfern Railway between Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Reutte in Tyrol (Griesen, Ehrwald, Lermoos, Lähn, Bichlbach-Berwang, Heiterwang-Plansee, Pflach) are start points for mountain tours in the Ammergau Alps (Friederspitz and Frieder, Schellschlicht, Daniel, Hochschrutte, Plattberg, Säuling), in the Mieming Chain (Ehrwalder Sonnenspitze) and in the Lechtal Alps (Thaneller, Roter Stein, Pleisspitze).

On 28 January 2007 the Hausbergbahn halt at the valley station of the Hausberg Gondola Lift, which serves a ski area, was opened again on a seasonal basis for winter sport tourists. In the first quarter of 2007 and in the winter of 2007/2008 only special winter sport trains from Munich via Garmisch-Partenkirchen to the Hausbergbahn stopped at weekends. From 14 December 2008 to the end of the ski season at Hausberg on 19 April 2009 all passenger trains on the Ausserfern Railway called at the station, which is why the halt in Griesen was dropped.

Sources

• Siegfried Bufe: Außerfernbahn. Kempten, Reutte, Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, Egglham 2001, ISBN 3-922138-75-6.
• Wolfgang Krutiak: Mittenwaldbahn. Innsbruck – Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Geschichte, Technik und Landeskunde der Mittenwald- und Außerfernbahn Innsbruck – Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Reutte. 1 Übersichtskarte. Slezak, Vienna 1976, ISBN 3-900134-30-8.
• Günter Denoth (Red.), Helmuth Petrovitsch: … über den Fern. Die Mittenwaldbahn Innsbruck – Garmisch – Reutte, aufgelegt anlässlich "90 Jahre Ausserfernbahn" 14 September 2003. Specialist railway publications, Vol. 1. Eigenverlag Eisenbahnarchiv Tyrol, Neugötzens 2003. 

External links

• www.erlebnisbahn.at/ausserfernbahn
• www.mittenwaldbahn.de
• www.kbs-976.de
• Photographs of tunnel portals
• 1944 Bavarian railway route map