Automatic tool changer
An Automatic tool changer or ATC is used in computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to improve the production and tool carrying capacity of the machine. ATC changes the tool very quickly, reducing the non-productive time. Generally, it is used to improve the capacity of the machine to work with a numbers of tools. It is also used to change worn out or broken tools. It is one more step towards complete automation.[1]
Contents
Description
Simple CNC machines work with a single tool. Turrets can work with a large number of tools. But if we require even more number of tools, then ATC is provided. The tools are stored on a magazine.It allows the machine to work with a large number of tools without an operator. The main parts of an automatic tool changer are base, gripper arm, tool holder, support arm and tool magazines.[2] Although, the ATC increases the reliability, speed and accuracy, it has more challenges as compared to manual tool change, like the tooling used must be easy to centre, be easy for changer to grab and there should be some mean for providing the tool self disengagement easy. Tools used in ATC are secured in toolholders specially designed for that purpose.[3]
Types of ATC
Depending on the shape of the magazine, ATC can be of two types: Drum Type changers are used when the number of tools is fewer than approximately 30. The tools are stored on the periphery of the drum. Chain type changers are used when the number of tools is more than 30. But the tool search speed will be less in this case.[4]
Automatic Tool Changer Mechanism
After getting the tool change command, the tool to be changed will come to a fixed position known as the "tool change position". The ATC arm will come to this position and will pick up the tool. The arm swivels between machine turret and magazine. It will have two grippers on the two sides. Each gripper can rotate through 90°, to deliver tools to the front face of the turret. One will pick up the old tool from turret and the other will pick up the new tool from magazine. It will then rotate to 180 ° and will place the tools at their due position.
Functions of ATC
The use of automatic changers increases the productive time and reduces the unproductive time to a large extent. It provides the storage of the tools which are returned automatically to the machine tool after carrying out the required operations, increases the flexibility of the machine tool. makes it easier to change heavy and large tools, and permits the automatic renewal of cutting edges. .[5]
See also
References
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