BGN/PCGN romanization
BGN/PCGN romanization refers to the systems for romanization (transliteration into the Latin script) and Roman-script spelling conventions adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN).
The systems have been approved by the BGN and the PCGN for application to geographic names, but they have also been used for personal names and text in the U.S. and the U.K.
Details of all the jointly approved systems are outlined in the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency publication Romanization Systems and Policies (2012),[1] which superseded the BGN 1994 publication Romanization Systems and Roman-Script Spelling Conventions.[2] Romanization systems and spelling conventions for different languages have been gradually introduced over the course of several years. An incomplete list of BGN/PCGN systems and agreements covering the following languages is given below (the date of adoption is given in the parentheses).
Systems
- BGN/PCGN Unified Afghan Agreement (for Pashto and Dari, 2009 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Amharic (1967 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Arabic (1956 system; BGN 1946, PCGN 1956)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Armenian (1981 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Avar (2011 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Azerbaijani Cyrillic script (2002 table of correspondences)—note that the Government of Azerbaijan abandoned the Cyrillic script in 1991 and adopted the Roman alphabet to replace it
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Baluchi (2008 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Bulgarian (1952 system; BGN 1949, PCGN 1952; BGN/PCGN 2013[3])—see Romanization of Bulgarian
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Burmese (1970 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian (1979 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Chechen (2008 table of correspondencies)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Chinese (1979 agreement)—Chinese characters are romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the Pinyin system
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Chuvash (2011 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Dhivehi (1988 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Dzongkha (2010 agreement)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Georgian (2009 agreement)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Greek (1962 system; PCGN 1941, later adopted by BGN, jointly revised in 1962)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Hebrew (1962 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Japanese kana (1930 agreement)—Japanese is romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the modified Hepburn system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Karachay-Balkar (2008 table of correspondences)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Kazakh (1979 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Khmer (1972 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Kyrgyz (1979 system)
- McCune–Reischauer in North Korea (BGN 1943, with PCGN soon to follow); of Korean in North Korea—Korean is romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the McCune–Reischauer system
- Revised Romanization of Korean in South Korea (2011 agreement) of Korean in South Korea—Korean is romanized by BGN/PCGN by means of the Revised romanization of Korean
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Lao (1966 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Macedonian (1981 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Moldovan (2002 table of correspondences)[4]
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Mongolian (1964 system; PCGN 1957, BGN 1964)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Nepali (2009 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Ossetian (2009 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Pashto (1968 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Persian (1958 system; BGN 1946, PCGN 1958)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Russian (1947 system; BGN 1944, PCGN 1947)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Serbian (Cyrillic script)(2005 agreement)— Serbian is not romanized by BGN/PCGN; instead, the Roman script that corresponds to the Cyrillic script is used
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Shan (1967 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Modern Syriac (1967 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Tatar (2005 table of correspondences)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Thai (2002 agreement)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Turkmen (2000 table of correspondences)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Udmurt (2011 system)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Ukrainian (1965 system)—see Romanization of Ukrainian
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Uzbek (2000 table of correspondences)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Yakut (2012 system)
In addition to the systems above, BGN/PCGN adopted Roman Script Spelling Conventions for languages that use the Roman alphabet but use letters not present in the English alphabet. These conventions exist for the following four languages:
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Faroese (1968 agreement)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of German (1986 agreement)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Icelandic (1968 agreement)
- BGN/PCGN romanization of Northern Sami[note 1] (1984 agreement)
Notes
- ↑ The original publication refers to the language as Northern Lappish.
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/Romanization/Romanization_Bulgarian.pdf
- ↑ http://datab.us/i/Moldovan%20language
