Balkhash Radar Station

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Balkhash Radar Station
Балхаш РЛС
Sary Shagan, Kazakhstan
300px
An image of the site from landsat. The Dnepr radar is a V bottom right and the Daryal radar bottom left.
300px
Dnestr radars 1 and 2 taken by US spy satellite KH-7 in 1967. The town of Balkhash-9 is in the foreground.
Balkhash Radar Station is located in Kazakhstan
Balkhash Radar Station
Balkhash Radar Station
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Type Radar Station
Code OS-2
Site information
Owner  Russia
Controlled by  Russian Air Force VKS
Open to
the public		 no
Condition operational
Site history
Built 1964 (1964)-[1]
Built by  Soviet Union
Garrison information
Garrison 46th Independent Radio-Technical Unit [1]

Balkhash Radar Station (also described as Sary Shagan radar node and Balkhash-9) is the site of two generations of Soviet and Russian early warning radars. It is located on the west coast of Lake Balkhash near Sary Shagan test site in Kazakhstan. Although it is used for monitoring satellites in low Earth orbit it is mainly a key part of the Russian system of warning against missile attack. It provides coverage of western and central China, India, Pakistan and submarine missile launches in the Bay of Bengal.[2] There have been six radars at this site, although only one is operational in 2012, and it is run by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces.

The military town for the station is called Balkhash-9 (Russian: Балхаш-9). The station is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of the village of Gulshat in Karagandy Province and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north east of Priozersk, the main town for Sary Shagan.

Space surveillance

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Main article: Dnepr radar

Balkhash was founded as OS-2, a space surveillance site with four Dnestr (NATO codename "Hen House") radar stations, which were started in 1964 [1] and tested in 1968. It could detect satellites at an altitude of up to 3,000 kilometres (1,864 mi).[3][4] The prototype Dnestr radar, TsSO-P, was built nearby on the Sary Shagan test site Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..

In 1967-8 a Dnepr early warning radar was started adjacent to the 4 Dnestr radars and it was commissioned in the early 1970s.[5]

The Dnepr radar is the only functioning radar on the site.[2][6][7]

Radar Coordinates Azimuth [5] Type Built Details
Radar 1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 270 Dnestr 1964-1970 Modernised to Dnestr-M. Operation 1970. Decommissioned September 1995. Derelict.[2][5]
Radar 2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 270 Dnestr 1964-1968 Operational 1968. Decommissioned January 1984. Derelict.[1][2]
Radar 3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 60 Dnestr 1964-1968 Operational 1968. Decommissioned January 1984. Derelict.[1][2]
Radar 4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 60 Dnestr 1964-1968 Operational 1968. Decommissioned September 1988. Derelict.[1][2]
Radar 5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 180, 124 Dnepr 1968-1972 Operational 1972. Modernised to Dnepr. Operational from 1974.[1][2][6]

Second generation Daryal radar

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Main article: Daryal radar

Balkhash had a Daryal-U radar (NATO codename "Pechora"), a bistatic phased-array early warning radar consisting of two separate large phased-array antennas 2.7 kilometres (2 mi) apart. The transmitter array was 30 by 40 metres (98 ft × 131 ft) and the receiver was 80 by 80 metres (260 ft × 260 ft) in size. The system is a VHF system operating at a wavelength of 1.5 to 2 meters (150 to 200 MHz). The claimed range of a Daryal installation is 6,000 kilometres (3,728 mi).[8]

Originally, at least seven Daryal facilities were planned, however, only the first two facilities completed, Pechora and Gabala, were ever operational.[5] Two Daryal-U type were to be built at Balkhash and Mishelevka, Irkutsk, neither were completed before the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Coordinates Azimuth [5] Type Built
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. transmitter
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. receiver		 152° (estimated) Daryal-U 1982-1994

The Balkhash Daryal started in 1982. Some testing started in 1991 and then stopped in 1994. In 2002 the never operational radar transferred to Kazakhstan who were left with the responsibility to demolish it. The radar was heavily looted and the receiver building ("building no. 2") burnt down in September 2004.[9][10] It further collapsed whilst being looted in January 2010, killing one.[11][12]

The Daryal contained organic pollutant polychlorinated biphenyl in its capacitors. The Kazakh government allocated $7 million to dispose of these and former Kazakh environment minister Nurlan Iskakov was convicted of embezzlement and sentenced to four years in prison relating to this money in 2009.[13][14][15]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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