Barium sulfide
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| Identifiers | |
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21109-95-5  |
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| ChEBI | CHEBI:32590 |
| ChemSpider | 5256933 |
| EC Number | 244-214-4 |
| Jmol 3D model | Interactive image |
| PubChem | 6857597 |
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| Properties | |
| BaS | |
| Molar mass | 169.39 g/mol |
| Density | 4.25 g/cm3 [1] |
| Melting point | 1,200 °C (2,190 °F; 1,470 K) |
| Boiling point | decomposes |
| 2.88 g/100 mL (0 °C) 7.68 g/100 mL (20 °C) 60.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) |
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| Solubility | insoluble in alcohol |
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Refractive index (nD)
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2.155 |
| Structure | |
| Halite (cubic), cF8 | |
| Fm3m, No. 225 | |
| Octahedral (Ba2+); octahedral (S2−) | |
| Vapor pressure | {{{value}}} |
| Related compounds | |
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Other anions
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Barium oxide |
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Other cations
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Magnesium sulfide Calcium sulfide Strontium sulfide |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |
Barium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula BaS. BaS is an important precursor to other barium compounds including BaCO3 and the pigment lithopone, ZnS/BaSO4.[2] Like other chalcogenides of the alkaline earth metals, BaS is a short wavelength emitters for electronic displays.[3] It is colorless, although like many sulfides, it is commonly obtained in impure colored forms.
Discovery, production, properties
The BaS was prepared by Vincentius (or Vincentinus) Casciarolus (or Casciorolus, 1571-1624) via reduction of BaSO4 (available as the mineral barite).[4] It is currently manufactured by an improved version of Casciarolus's route using coke in place of flour. This kind of conversion is called a carbothermic reaction:
- BaSO4 + 2 C → BaS + 2 CO2
The phosphorescence of the material made by Casciarolus made it a curiosity and various alchemists and chemists made experiments with the material which was known as Lapis Boloniensis, Chrysolapis or bologna stone.[5][6][7]
Andreas Sigismund Marggraf showed that calcite and gypsum were not very suitable for the production of the bologna stone, but a special heavy fluorspar, in the end he concluded that calcium sulfate is the material from which the bologna stone is made.[8] Recent investigations have shown that naturally occurring impurities of copper in the barium sulfide produced from barium sulfate deposits near Bologna are the likely cause of the phosphorescence.[9]
BaS crystallizes with the NaCl structure, featuring octahedral Ba2+ and S2− centres.
Safety
BaS is quite poisonous, as are related sulfides, such as CaS, which evolve toxic hydrogen sulfide upon contact with water.
References
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- ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- ↑ Vij, D. R.; Singh, N. "Optical and electrical properties of II-VI wide gap semiconducting barium sulfide" Proceedings of SPIE (1992), 1523 (Conf. Phys. Technol. Semicond. Devices Integr. Circuits, 1992), 608-12.
- ↑ F. Licetus, Litheosphorus, sive de lapide Bononiensi lucem in se conceptam ab ambiente claro mox in tenebris mire conservante, Utini, ex typ. N. Schiratti, 1640. See http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/delights/texts/Demonstration_21.htm
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