Battle of Kozludzha
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Battle of Kozludzha (also known as the Battle of Kozluca) fought on 20 June (Old Style - June 9) 1774 near the village of Kozludzha (now Suvorovo, Bulgaria) was one of the final and decisive battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74).[1] The Russians managed to rout the Ottoman army, scoring a major victory.[1] This battle, alongside several others in this campaign, established the reputation of the Russian general Alexander Suvorov as a brilliant commander of his era.[2][3]
The Ottoman forces are estimated at about 40,000.[1][4][5] Russian numbers were much lower,[6] 8,000 men in total.[4][5] The Ottoman forces were demoralized due to previous defeats and had poor logistics (including a year of withheld back pay).[7]
The Russian army under Generals Alexander Suvorov and Mikhail Kamensky encountered the Ottoman forces of General Abdul-Rezak Pasha.[1][8] After scouts reported to Suvorov, he immediately ordered the attack.[9] The Russian army, divided into four squares, attacked the Ottomans.[9] Ottoman cavalry charges were repulsed by the Russians, [10] while a Russian cavalry attack from the rear resulted in the capture of all of the Ottoman artillery.[9] Russian artillery fire is also said to have been highly devastating to the Ottoman forces.[11] Casualties were 3,000 for the Ottomans[12] and 209 for the Russians.[12][9] The Russians captured the Ottoman camp with its supplies, while the Ottomans abandoned Kozludzha[11] and retreated to Shumla, where they were soon blockaded, suffering from further defeats and attrition.[6][8][9][11][13]
The Russian victory was one of the major reasons why a month later, on 21 July, the Ottomans were forced to sign the unfavorable Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca.[1][6][14]
References
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