Beatrice of Portugal

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For others with this name, see Beatrice of Portugal (disambiguation).

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Beatrice
Sepulcro de la reina Beatriz de Portugal, esposa de Juan I , rey de Castilla y León. Monasterio de Sancti Spiritus de Toro.jpg
The effigy of Queen Beatrice, Monastery of Sancti Spiritus of Toro, in Zamora, Spain.
Queen consort of Castile and León
Tenure 17 May 1383 – 9 October 1390
Born 7–13 February 1373
Coimbra, Portugal
Died c. 1420[1]
Castile
Burial Monastery of Sancti Spiritus, Toro, Castile
Spouse John I of Castile
House House of Burgundy
Father Ferdinand I of Portugal
Mother Leonor Telles de Meneses
Religion Roman Catholicism

Beatrice (Portuguese: Beatriz; Portuguese pronunciation: [biɐˈtɾiʃ]; Coimbra, 7–13 February 1373[2] – c. 1420,[1] unknown local, Castile) was the only surviving child of King Ferdinand I of Portugal and his wife, Leonor Telles de Meneses. She married King John I of Castile. In the absence of a male heir, her husband claimed the throne of Portugal by the right of his wife. This led to the 1383–1385 Crisis, in which a good part of the Portuguese aristocracy and the people resisted their claim, invoking the Treaty of Salvaterra, and prevented the annexation[3] of Portugal by Castille. The crisis ended with her uncle John, Ferdinand's illegitimate brother, being elected and acclaimed King of Portugal, the first from the House of Aviz.

Biography

At the beginning of 1383, the political situation in Portugal was volatile. Beatrice was the King's only child, and heir to the throne, after her younger brothers' deaths in 1380 and 1382. Her marriage was the political issue of the day and inside the palace, factions lobbied constantly. Ferdinand arranged and canceled his daughter's wedding several times before settling for his wife's first choice, King John I of Castile.[4] John had lost his wife, Infanta Eleanor of Aragon the year before, and was happy to wed the Portuguese heiress. The wedding took place on 14 May 1383,[5] in the Portuguese city of Elvas. Beatrice was only ten years old.

King Ferdinand died shortly thereafter, on 22 October 1383. According to the treaty between Castile and Portugal, Queen Leonor declared herself regent in the name of her daughter and son-in-law. At the request of the King of Castile, when he had knowledge of his father-in-law's decease, Leonor ordered the acclaim of Beatrice, although John I of Castile hadn't expressly recognized her as the regent,[6] first in Lisbon, Santarém and other important places,[7] and, some days after the assassination of Count Andeiro, in all the country.[8] But a rebellion led by the Master of the Order of Aviz, the future John I of Portugal, immediately began, leading to the 1383–1385 Crisis.

Beatrice had no children with her husband, although a son called Miguel is mentioned in several much later genealogies and even in some modern history books.[9][10] There is no contemporary document mentioning him, and his mother was only 10 or 11 years old at his supposed birth. It is most probably a confusion with a grandchild of the Catholic Monarchs who was called Miguel.[9]

The King of Castile invaded Portugal in the end of December of 1383, to enforce his claim to be king by the right of his wife. The consequent war was effectively ended in 1385, with the utter defeat of Castile in the Battle of Aljubarrota. In the aftermath of this battle, John of Aviz became the uncontested king of Portugal. The King and Queen of Castile no longer had a tenable claim to the throne of Portugal, but during his lifetime, they continued to call themselves king and queen of Portugal.

Beatrice died circa 1420 in Castile.[1]

Status as monarch

Coat of arms of Beatrice of Portugal.

There has been some actual debate as to whether Beatrice should be counted as a monarch or not,[11] and there is, in the last decades, a historiographical current of Spanish and Portuguese authors defending that she was titular Queen of Portugal between 22 October and the middle of December 1383.[12] However, the majority of the Portuguese historians have argued that during the 1383–1385 period Portugal had no monarch, and Beatrice is not counted, in Portugal, as a national queen regnant.

The Portuguese rebellion was not the only problem to her ascension to the throne. Many Portuguese nobles of the pro-Castillian faction also recognized her husband, King John I of Castile, as their jure uxoris monarch, by rendering him vassalage and obedience, as, for example, Lopo Gomes de Lira in Minho.[13] John I of Castile, as can be read in his testament, dating of 21 July 1385, in Celorico da Beira, identified himself as the king of Portugal and possible effective owner of the kingdom, saying that if he predeceased his wife, the Pope should decide whether Beatrice or his son (her stepson) Henry should be the sovereign of Portugal.[14]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Beatrice of Portugal [15]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16. Denis of Portugal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8. Afonso IV of Portugal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17. Elizabeth of Aragon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4. Peter I of Portugal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18. Sancho IV of Castile
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9. Beatrice of Castile
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19. María de Molina
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2. Ferdinand I of Portugal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20. Manuel of Castile
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10. Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21. Beatrice of Savoy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5. Constance of Peñafiel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22. James II of Aragon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11. Constance of Aragon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23. Blanche of Anjou
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1. Beatrice of Portugal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 24. Gonzalo Yáñez de Meneses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12. Afonso Martins Teles Raposo
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25. Urraca Fernández de Lima
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. Martim Afonso Telo de Meneses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 26. Lourenço Soares de Valadares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13. Berengária Lourenço de Valadares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27. Sancha Nunes de Chacim
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3. Leonor Telles de Meneses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28. Mem Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, Lord of Torre de Vasconcelos
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14. Joao Mendes de Vasconcelos
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29. Maria Martins Zote
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7. Aldonça Anes de Vasconcelos
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30. Vasco Afonso Alcoforado
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15. Aldonça Afonso Alcoforado
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31. Brites Martins de Berredo
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Olivera Serrano, César (2005), Beatriz de Portugal, page 392
  2. ↑ Cronicom Conimbricense, in Chronicles of López de Ayala, book II, p. 592
  3. ↑ Ayala's Chronicles, Madrid's edition 1780, book II, since page 292
  4. ↑ Spain and Portugal, Graeme Mercer Adam ed., J. D. Morris, 1906
  5. ↑ Fernão Lopes, Chronicle of D. Ferdinand, chapters CLXIV - CLXVII
  6. ↑ Fernão Lopes, Chronicle of D. Ferdinand, chapter CLXXVIII
  7. ↑ Fernão Lopes, Chronicle of D. Ferdinand, vol. III, page 187
  8. ↑ Fernão Lopes, Chronicle of John I, first part, vol. I, chapters LXI - LXII
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ For genealogies including Miguel, see: Die Könige von Kastilien und León IV, 1369–1504 a.d.H. Trastamara des Stammes Burgund-Ivrea, In: Detlev Schwennicke (Hrsg.): Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II, Die außerdeutschen Staaten, Die regierenden Häuser der übrigen Staaten Europas, Tafel 65, Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg/Berlin, 1984, page 65, and Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,[better source needed].
  11. ↑ David Williamson, «Debrett's Kings and Queens of Europe»,1988,Webb & Bower, Exeter, ISBN 0-86350-194-X; César Olivera Serrano, «Beatriz de Portugal»
  12. ↑ García de Cortázar, Fernando (1999), Breve historia de España, Alianza Editorial, page 712; Armindo de Sousa, in História de Portugal coordinated by José Mattoso, Editorial Estampa, vol. II, ISBN 972-33-0919-X, pages 494/95
  13. ↑ Fernão Lopes, Chronicle of Jonh I, vol. I, p. 193
  14. ↑ Oliveira Martins, portuguese historian of the nineteenth century, «The life of Nun' Alvares», page 261, 2009, Guimarães Editores, SA, ISBN 978-972-665-570-1
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,[better source needed]

Sources

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Beatrice of Portugal
Born: 7–13 February 1373 Died: c. 1420 Capetian dynasty
Spanish royalty
Preceded by Queen consort of Castile and León
17 May 1383 – 9 October 1390		 Succeeded by
Catherine of Lancaster
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